TECHNICAL ISO/TR REPORT 25107 - weldeng.netweldeng.net/download/%d3%d1%dd%d5%e1%20%cf%e6%d1%e... · a consequence, the total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration

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Reference numberISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006

TECHNICAL REPORT

ISO/TR25107

First edition2006-07-01

Non-destructive testing — Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses

Essais non destructifs — Lignes directrices pour les programmes de formation en END

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ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

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© ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester.

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Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

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ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iii

Contents Page

Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ iv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v 1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1 3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 1 4 Introduction to NDT .............................................................................................................................. 1 4.1 Role ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 4.2 Task of NDT personnel......................................................................................................................... 2 4.3 History of NDT....................................................................................................................................... 2 4.4 Terminology of NDT.............................................................................................................................. 2 4.5 General environmental and safety considerations ........................................................................... 2 5 Radiographic testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3.......................................................................................... 3 6 Ultrasonic testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ............................................................................................. 19 7 Eddy current testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ........................................................................................ 25 8 Penetrant testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 .............................................................................................. 31 9 Magnetic particle testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ................................................................................. 35 10 Leak testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3....................................................................................................... 41 11 Acoustic emissions testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3............................................................................. 58 12 Visual testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3 .................................................................................................... 67 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 78

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ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard ("state of the art", for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO/TR 25107 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

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ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved v

Introduction

With this Technical Report, ISO/TC135 and CEN/TC138 present to the worldwide non-destructive testing (NDT) community their recommendations for the minimum technical knowledge to be required of NDT personnel. These recommendations provide means for evaluating and documenting the competence of personnel whose duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge.

As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training and certification of NDT personnel, ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 have been actively involved in developing guidelines for training syllabuses (this Technical Report) and for NDT training organizations (ISO/TR 27108). These documents are intended to serve those involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level of training material and — consequently — in the competence of personnel.

This document, together with ISO/TR 27108, represents two years of effort for working groups of the two technical committees in the promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum requirements taken from the different existing certification schemes.

The content of this first edition has been based on the experience of the experts as well as on comments from the end-user industries, as well as the most recent edition of the International Committee for Non-destructive testing (ICNDT) recommended guidelines.

The time allotment for the different topics takes into account the latest developments in each method and, as a consequence, the total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration required by ISO 9712 and EN 473.

This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in order to maintain a workable document in line with the development of NDT methods and techniques.

ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 wish to express their appreciation to all those who contributed to the production of this publication.

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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1

Non-destructive testing — Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses

1 Scope

This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing (NDT) training syllabuses, with the intention of harmonizing and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel for industrial needs.

It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to ensure eligibility for qualification examinations leading to third-party certification according to recognized standards. In addition to non-destructive testing in general, its guidelines for syllabuses cover acoustic emission, eddy current, leak, magnetic particle, penetrant, radiographic, ultrasonic and visual testing.

NOTE ISO/TR 27108 gives associated guidelines for NDT training organizations intended for the general part of training courses.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1330 (all parts), Non-destructive testing — Terminology

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330 apply.

4 Introduction to NDT

4.1 Role

Non-destructive testing makes an important contribution to the safety, and economic and ecological welfare, of our society.

NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not be destroyed, modified or degraded by the testing process. This is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing, for example, safety parts, pipelines, power plants, and also constructions under in-service inspection, but even for unique parts in archaeology and culture.

NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner structure of the object under test. Often, the outcome of the test needs to be interpreted to give a useful result; sometimes different NDT methods must be combined, or verified by other test methods.

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ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

4.2 Task of NDT personnel

NDT personnel have a great responsibility, not only with respect to their employers or contractors but also under the rules of good workmanship. The NDT personnel must be independent and free from economic influences with regard to his test results, otherwise the results are compromised. The NDT personnel should be aware of the importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test results for safety, health and environment. Under legal aspects, the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged according to the national legal regulations. A tester may find himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his employer, the responsible authorities or legal requirements.

Finally, the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations of test results carrying his signature. NDT personnel should never sign test reports beyond their certification.

4.3 History of NDT

The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual checks in prehistoric times. In medieval later centuries, test methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were introduced. The breakthrough for NDT came with industrialization in the 19th and 20th centuries: X-ray and ultrasonic testing for inner defects, penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface cracks. During the last few decades, sophisticated, mostly electronically linked methods, such as eddy current testing, RADAR, computer tomography and thermography have been developed. NDT methods have found application in a wide range of industries — from civil engineering and industrial plants to space and defence technology.

The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and inventors, including Röntgen, Becquerel, Curie, Oerstedt, Faraday and even Leonardo da Vinci. They discovered the physical principles and demonstrated early applications. Altogether approximately 5 000 scientists worldwide made contributions to the present state of NDT.

NDT is a global technology. Since NDT tasks and related technical problems are similar in all developed countries, improved solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a few months. Many international conferences and standards committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of NDT for the benefit of safety, economy and the environment.

4.4 Terminology of NDT

Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a particular technology applied worldwide. It is needed for communication between contracting parties, NDT personnel and certifying bodies. Terms like “indication”, “imperfection”, “flaw” and “defect” require a precise and unequivocal definition if confusion and misinterpretation of results is to be avoided. See Clause 3.

4.5 General environmental and safety considerations

4.5.1 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where the safety of the operator could be in danger owing to local conditions, or where the application of the particular NDT method or techniques could in itself compromise the safety of the operator and others in the vicinity.

An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must therefore be safety. The duration of the training for this subject should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical training associated with a particular NDT method.

4.5.2 General safety considerations include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:

⎯ environmental conditions (heat, cold, humidity);

⎯ toxicity (NDT materials, tested products, atmosphere);

⎯ radiation safety (NDT materials, products, local regulations);

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ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 3

⎯ electrical safety (NDT equipment, lethal voltages, EMC);

⎯ potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other dangerous environments);

⎯ personal protection equipment (clothing, radiation dosimeters).

5 Radiographic testing — Levels 1, 2 and 3

The letters E and P followed by a value indicate the educational training time and practical training time respectively, in hours.

NOTE As specified in EN 473, direct access to the level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level 1 and level 2.

Page 10

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ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

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Con

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© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 5

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

Page 12

Con

tent

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ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 13

Con

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etho

ds

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 7

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

Page 14

Con

tent

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vel 1

D

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0 P

1,0

Cas

ting

proc

ess

E 3,

0 P

1,0

Cas

ting

proc

ess

E 2,

0 P

2,0

Ty

pes

of c

ast i

mpe

rfect

ions

and

thei

r or

igin

Type

s of

cas

t im

perfe

ctio

ns a

nd th

eir

orig

in

S

truct

ural

indi

catio

ns

S

truct

ural

indi

catio

ns

B

eam

dire

ctio

n to

det

ecta

bilit

y

Wor

king

load

M

ater

ials

pro

perti

es

Pro

duct

ion

caus

ed d

efec

ts

In

fluen

ce o

n de

tect

abili

ty:

Influ

ence

on

dete

ctab

ility

: E

2,0

P 1,

0 In

fluen

ce o

n de

tect

abili

ty:

E 2,

0

E 1,

0 P

0,5

ty

pe o

f def

ect;

si

ze;

or

ient

atio

n.

Imag

ed th

ickn

ess

rang

e

Num

ber o

f exp

osur

es

be

am d

irect

ion;

ge

omet

ric d

isto

rtion

;

in

crea

se in

wal

l thi

ckne

ss.

Imag

ed th

ickn

ess

rang

e

Thic

knes

s ra

nges

for X

- and

γ-ra

ys

Num

ber o

f exp

osur

es

be

am d

irect

ion;

ge

omet

ric d

isto

rtion

;

in

crea

se in

wal

l thi

ckne

ss.

Imag

ed th

ickn

ess

rang

e

Thic

knes

s ra

nges

for X

- and

γ-ra

ys

Num

ber o

f exp

osur

es v

s. d

isto

rtion

an

gle

5.4

Equi

pmen

t D

esig

n an

d op

erat

ion

of X

-ray

m

achi

nes

Des

ign

and

oper

atio

n of

X-r

ay

mac

hine

s E

2,0

P 1,

0 D

esig

n an

d op

erat

ion

of X

-ray

m

achi

nes

E 2,

0

S

tatio

nary

sys

tem

s, m

obile

uni

t

E 1,

5 P

1,5

Add

ition

al to

leve

l 1:

A

dditi

onal

to le

vel 2

:

Tu

bes:

in

here

nt fi

lterin

g;

beam

ope

ning

cha

ract

eris

tics;

glas

s- a

nd m

etal

-cer

amic

tube

pr

e-fil

terin

g.

X-ra

y fla

sh d

evic

es;

D

esig

n of

tube

s:

D

evic

es fo

r spe

cial

app

licat

ions

:

ro

d an

ode

devi

ces;

stan

dard

tube

;

m

icro

-focu

s tu

bes;

m

icro

-focu

s de

vice

s;

rod

anod

e tu

be;

enla

rgem

ent t

echn

ique

;

hi

gh-v

olta

ge d

evic

es.

shor

t ano

de tu

be.

radi

osco

py.

Li

ne fo

cus

tube

s

C

oolin

g: g

as, w

ater

, oil

Li

nac

R

otar

y an

ode

tube

s

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

8 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 15

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

Fo

cal s

pot

C

onst

ruct

ion

H

igh

volta

ge, m

ax. c

urre

nt

Fi

eld

of a

pplic

atio

n

E

xpos

ure

time

Ty

pica

l dat

es

D

iaph

ragm

S

afet

y ci

rcui

t

O

pera

ting

inst

ruct

ions

D

esig

n an

d op

erat

ion

of G

amm

a ra

y de

vice

s:

Des

ign

and

oper

atio

n of

Gam

ma

ray

devi

ces

E 2,

0 D

esig

n an

d op

erat

ion

of G

amm

a ra

y de

vice

s E

2,0

E 1,

5 P

1,0

Add

ition

al to

leve

l 1:

Sa

me

as le

vel 2

cr

awle

r for

pip

elin

es;

sp

ecia

l dev

ice

for t

estin

g of

heat

exc

hang

er tu

bes.

co

ntai

ner,

shie

ldin

g;

cl

ass

P/M

;

ty

pe A

/B (t

rans

porta

tion)

;

so

urce

hol

der a

nd s

ourc

e

caps

ule.

Enc

lose

d ra

dioa

ctiv

e m

ater

ial:

m

anip

ulat

ion

devi

ce;

co

nnec

tions

acc

esso

ry;

re

mot

e co

ntro

l;

co

llimat

ion;

fit

tings

.

Ope

ratin

g in

stru

ctio

ns

Ref

eren

ce to

nat

iona

l req

uire

men

ts

and

safe

ty re

gula

tions

A

cces

sorie

s fo

r rad

iogr

aphi

c te

stin

g

E

quip

men

t:

E 0,

5 P

0,5

lead

tape

mea

sure

;

hold

ing

mag

nets

;

lead

scr

eens

shi

eldi

ng;

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 9

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

Page 16

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

rubb

er b

ands

etc

.;

radi

atio

n pr

otec

tion

equi

pmen

t.

5.5

Info

rmat

ion

prio

r to

test

ing

Writ

ten

proc

edur

es g

iven

E

0,5

Info

rmat

ion

abou

t the

test

obj

ect

E 2,

0 In

form

atio

n ab

out t

he te

st o

bjec

t an

d na

tiona

l req

uire

men

ts

E 4,

0

In

form

atio

n on

the

test

obj

ect

Id

entif

icat

ion

or d

esig

natio

n

Add

ition

al to

leve

l 2:

O

bjec

t dim

ensi

ons

Sel

ectio

n of

sta

ndar

ds fo

r spe

cific

te

stin

g ap

plic

atio

ns

Te

st c

lass

of s

tand

ard

Eur

opea

n st

anda

rds:

ap

plic

atio

n st

anda

rds;

E

quip

men

t to

be u

sed

ov

ervi

ew;

purp

ose;

E

xpos

ure

arra

ngem

ent

te

chni

cal c

onte

nts

and

sy

stem

atic

.

E

xten

t of t

estin

g (2

0 %

insp

ectio

n)

mar

king

P

rodu

ct s

peci

fic s

tand

ards

for

spec

ial i

ndus

trial

sec

tors

:

Mat

eria

l, di

men

sion

s, is

omet

rics:

num

ber o

f par

ts;

fie

ld o

f app

licat

ion;

kind

of m

anuf

actu

re;

ca

talo

gue

of d

efec

ts.

Test

con

ditio

ns:

ac

cess

ibili

ty;

in

frast

ruct

ure;

parti

cula

r tes

t con

ditio

ns.

A

pplic

able

sta

ndar

ds

O

verv

iew

S

tand

ards

ass

igne

d to

the

test

ob

ject

fo

r wel

ding

;

for c

astin

g;

fo

r pip

es;

pr

essu

rized

equ

ipm

ent

di

rect

ive.

P

repa

ratio

n of

writ

ten

inst

ruct

ions

ISO

sta

ndar

ds

Am

eric

an s

tand

ards

:

over

view

AS

ME

Cod

e

over

view

AS

TM s

tand

ards

Dev

elop

ing

proc

ess

E

3,0

5.6

Test

ing

Dar

kroo

m:

E 1,

5 P

1,0

E 3,

5 P

1,0

de

sign

;

deve

lope

r;

wat

er b

ath;

fixin

g ba

th;

Dev

elop

ing

proc

ess

Add

ition

al to

Lev

el 1

: P

roce

ssin

g eq

uipm

ent,

adju

stm

ent:

ch

ecki

ng;

st

orag

e of

une

xpos

ed fi

lms;

dark

room

ligh

t tes

t;

Dev

elop

ing

proc

ess

Prin

cipl

es

Pro

cess

ing

equi

pmen

t, ad

just

men

t:

chec

king

;

stor

age

of u

nexp

osed

film

s;

da

rkro

om li

ght t

est;

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

10 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 17

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

final

wat

er b

ath;

fo

g te

st;

fog

test

;

dryi

ng.

clea

ring

time;

cl

earin

g tim

e;

tally

she

et.

tally

she

et.

P

repa

ratio

n an

d re

gene

ratio

n of

ba

ths

U

se o

f film

strip

s ac

cord

ing

to

EN

584

-2:

fil

m p

roce

ssin

g fa

ults

P

roce

ss-c

ontro

lling

acco

rdin

g to

E

N 5

84-2

Use

of f

ilmst

rips

acco

rdin

g to

E

N 5

84-2

Ex

amin

atio

n of

wel

ded

join

ts

acco

rdin

g to

EN

143

5 E

10,5

P

10,0

Ex

amin

atio

n of

wel

ded

join

ts

acco

rdin

g to

EN

143

5 E

8,0

P 4,

0 Ex

plan

atio

n an

d di

scus

sion

of

EN 1

435

E 4,

0 P

8,0

S

cope

Sco

pe

S

cope

ba

sic

and

impr

oved

tech

niqu

es

Test

cla

sses

:

ba

sic

and

impr

oved

tech

niqu

es

Test

arr

ange

men

ts:

nu

mbe

r of e

xpos

ures

(EN

143

5:19

97, A

nnex

A)

Cho

ice

of e

nerg

y:

m

ax. X

-ray

vol

tage

;

pene

trate

d th

ickn

ess

rang

e fo

r

gam

ma

rays

;

sp

ecia

l opt

ions

.

Film

and

scr

een

choi

ce:

fil

m s

yste

m c

lass

es, t

ype

and

th

ickn

ess

of s

cree

ns

Min

imum

opt

ical

den

sity

Test

cla

sses

:

ba

sic

and

impr

oved

tech

niqu

es.

Test

arr

ange

men

ts:

nu

mbe

r of e

xpos

ures

(EN

143

5:19

97, A

nnex

A)

Cho

ice

of e

nerg

y:

m

ax. X

-ray

vol

tage

;

pene

trate

d th

ickn

ess

rang

e fo

r

gam

ma

rays

;

spec

ial o

ptio

ns.

Film

and

scr

een

choi

ce:

fil

m s

yste

m c

lass

es, t

ype

and

th

ickn

ess

of s

cree

ns

Min

imum

opt

ical

den

sity

Test

arr

ange

men

ts:

nu

mbe

r of e

xpos

ures

(EN

143

5:19

97, A

nnex

A)

Cho

ice

of e

nerg

y:

m

ax. X

-ray

vol

tage

;

pene

trate

d th

ickn

ess

rang

e fo

r

gam

ma

rays

;

sp

ecia

l opt

ions

.

Film

and

scr

een

choi

ce:

fil

m s

yste

m c

lass

es, t

ype

and

th

ickn

ess

of s

cree

ns

Min

imum

opt

ical

den

sity

M

inim

um s

ourc

e-to

-obj

ect d

ista

nce

M

inim

um s

ourc

e-to

-obj

ect d

ista

nce

M

inim

um s

ourc

e-to

-obj

ect d

ista

nce

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 11

Page 18

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

Ex

amin

atio

n of

cas

tings

ac

cord

ing

to E

N 1

2681

E

6,0

P 4,

0 Ex

amin

atio

n of

cas

tings

ac

cord

ing

to E

N 1

2681

E

6,0

P 3,

0 Ex

plan

atio

n an

d di

scus

sion

of

EN 1

2681

E

4,0

P 6,

0

S

cope

Sco

pe fo

r com

plex

sha

ped

obje

cts

S

cope

for c

ompl

ex s

hape

d ob

ject

s

Te

st c

lass

es:

basi

c an

d im

prov

ed te

chni

ques

Test

arr

ange

men

ts:

nu

mbe

r of e

xpos

ures

Cho

ice

of e

nerg

y:

av

erag

e w

all t

hick

ness

;

m

ax. X

-ray

vol

tage

;

pe

netra

ted

thic

knes

s ra

nge

for

ga

mm

a ra

y;

sp

ecia

l opt

ions

.

Film

and

scr

een

choi

ce:

fil

m s

yste

m c

lass

es, t

ype

and

th

ickn

ess

of s

cree

ns.

Min

imum

opt

ical

den

sity

Min

imum

sou

rce-

to-o

bjec

t dis

tanc

e fil

m

Test

arr

ange

men

ts:

nu

mbe

r of e

xpos

ures

;

sp

ecia

l geo

met

ries.

Cho

ice

of e

nerg

y:

av

erag

e w

all t

hick

ness

;

m

ax. X

-ray

vol

tage

;

pe

netra

ted

thic

knes

s ra

nge

for

ga

mm

a ra

y;

sp

ecia

l opt

ions

.

Use

of e

nlar

gem

ent:

do

uble

film

tech

niqu

e;

w

all t

hick

ness

com

pens

atio

n us

e

of h

ighe

r ene

rgy,

har

deni

ng.

Film

and

scr

een

choi

ce:

film

sys

tem

cla

sses

, typ

e an

d th

ickn

ess

of s

cree

ns.

Min

imum

opt

ical

den

sity

Min

imum

sou

rce-

to-o

bjec

t dis

tanc

e fil

m

Test

arr

ange

men

ts:

nu

mbe

r of e

xpos

ures

;

sp

ecia

l geo

met

ries.

Cho

ice

of e

nerg

y:

av

erag

e w

all t

hick

ness

;

m

ax. X

-ray

vol

tage

;

pe

netra

ted

thic

knes

s ra

nge

for

ga

mm

a ra

y;

sp

ecia

l opt

ions

.

Incr

ease

of c

over

ed th

ickn

ess

rang

e:

do

uble

film

tech

niqu

e;

w

all t

hick

ness

equ

aliz

atio

n us

e of

high

er e

nerg

y, h

arde

ning

.

Film

and

scr

een

choi

ce:

film

sys

tem

cla

sses

, typ

e an

d th

ickn

ess

of s

cree

ns

Min

imum

opt

ical

den

sity

Min

imum

sou

rce-

to-o

bjec

t dis

tanc

e fil

m

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

12 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 19

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

W

orki

ng w

ith e

xpos

ure

char

ts

E 2,

0 P

2,0

Spec

ial t

echn

ique

s E

6,0

Dire

ct ra

diog

raph

y an

d ra

dios

copy

acc

ordi

ng to

EN

130

68

D

efin

ition

of e

xpos

ure

valu

e ex

posu

re ti

me

S

tere

o te

chni

que

Rou

nd a

bout

tech

niqu

e

Im

age

dete

ctor

s:

flu

oros

cope

;

E 2,

0 P

2,0

C

orre

ctio

n of

exp

osur

e tim

e fo

r di

ffere

nt:

Te

stin

g of

cor

rosi

on d

amag

e

Enl

arge

men

t with

mic

ro-fo

cus

flat p

anel

s;

X-

ray

inte

nsifi

er;

film

-foca

lspo

t-dis

tanc

e FF

D;

R

eal-t

ime

tech

niqu

e:

cam

era

and

TV-s

yste

ms.

optic

al d

ensi

ty;

fluor

esce

nt s

cree

ns;

A

pplic

atio

ns:

rela

tive

film

exp

osur

e fa

ctor

.

ra

dios

copy

;

se

rial p

rodu

ctio

n te

stin

g;

com

pute

d ra

diog

raph

y;

dyna

mic

al te

stin

g;

docu

men

tatio

n, p

ictu

re a

rchi

ve.

spec

ial m

ater

ials

.

Li

mits

of t

he m

etho

d:

reso

lutio

n;

dyna

mic

;

sign

al-to

-noi

se-ra

tio;

mod

ulat

ion

trans

fer f

unct

ion.

B

asic

imag

e pr

oces

sing

:

mon

itorin

g;

docu

men

tatio

n.

Sp

ecia

l tec

hniq

ues

E 3,

0

S

tere

o te

chin

ique

R

ound

abo

ut te

chin

ique

Te

stin

g of

cor

rosi

on d

amag

e

E

nlar

gem

ent w

ith m

icro

focu

s

S

peci

al a

spec

ts fo

r rad

iogr

aphy

of

mat

eria

ls w

ith h

igh

and

low

den

sity

Lo

w v

olta

ge ra

diog

raph

y

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 13

Page 20

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

R

adio

grap

hy o

f art

obje

cts:

light

allo

ys;

plas

tics;

pre-

filte

ring.

H

igh-

volta

ge ra

diog

raph

y:

conc

rete

test

ing.

Fi

lm-s

cree

n-sy

stem

s pr

e-fil

terin

g:

inte

rmed

iate

filte

ring;

heav

y w

alle

d ca

stin

g;

spec

ial r

adia

tion

prot

ectio

n,

co

ntam

inat

ion.

Im

age

qual

ity in

dica

tors

ac

cord

ing

to E

N 4

62-1

, EN

462

-2,

EN 4

62-3

E 1,

0 Im

age

qual

ity in

dica

tors

ac

cord

ing

to E

N 4

62-1

, EN

462

-2,

EN 4

62-3

E 2,

0 Im

age

qual

ity in

dica

tors

ac

cord

ing

to E

N 4

62-1

, EN

462

-2,

EN 4

62-3

, EN

462

-4, E

N 4

62-5

E 1,

0

Def

initi

on o

f Im

age

qual

ity n

umbe

r de

sign

of I

QI:

P

0,5

IQ

I pos

ition

of d

iffer

ent

ex

posu

res;

imag

e qu

ality

cla

sses

;

imag

e qu

ality

num

ber.

Add

ition

al to

Lev

el 1

:

im

age

qual

ity n

umbe

r for

oth

er

m

ater

ials

acc

ordi

ng E

N 4

62-4

;

dete

ctio

n of

uns

harp

ness

with

dupl

ex-in

dica

tor

ac

cord

ing

EN

462

-5.

Sam

e as

Lev

el 2

:

re

leva

nce

of im

age

qual

ity

in

dica

tors

;

inte

rnat

iona

l im

age

qual

ity

in

dica

tors

.

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

14 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 21

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

E

1,0

P 0,

5 D

rafti

ng a

n N

DT

inst

ruct

ion

for

the

test

ing

of w

eldi

ng a

nd

cast

ings

E 6,

0 D

rafti

ng a

n N

DT

inst

ruct

ion

for

the

test

ing

of w

eldi

ng a

nd

cast

ings

E 23

,0

Org

aniz

atio

n of

sim

ple

test

pr

oced

ures

Com

plet

e or

gani

zatio

n of

test

pr

oced

ures

in c

ombi

natio

n w

ith o

ther

N

DT

met

hods

Sys

tem

of m

arki

ng

Obj

ect t

o fil

m a

ssig

nmen

t:

pe

rman

ent m

arki

ng o

f the

obj

ect;

ze

ro p

oint

, inc

rem

enta

l cou

nt

di

rect

ion;

m

arke

r tap

e;

po

sitio

n of

mar

king

s on

the

ob

ject

Inte

grat

ion

of in

tern

al p

riorit

ies

Cho

ice

of te

stin

g m

etho

d:

tim

e of

test

ing;

ra

diat

ion

prot

ectio

n eq

uipm

ent.

Per

sonn

el q

ualif

icat

ion

Cos

t est

imat

ion:

m

anpo

wer

cos

ts;

fo

r equ

ipm

ent;

fo

r con

sum

able

;

fo

r aux

iliar

y at

tach

men

t sec

ond

ex

posu

res

afte

r rep

air.

Sel

ectio

n of

spe

cific

atio

ns fo

r ap

plic

atio

n an

d ev

alua

tion

Exa

mpl

e of

writ

ten

prac

tice

for w

eld

insp

ectio

n ac

cord

ing

to A

STM

Test

obj

ects

:

am

bien

t con

ditio

ns;

re

fere

nce

docu

men

ts,

sp

ecifi

catio

ns, s

tand

ards

;

ch

oice

of r

adia

tion

sour

ce;

ch

oice

of a

dequ

ate

dire

ctio

n of

radi

atio

n;

fil

m lo

catio

n pl

an;

id

entif

icat

ion

of te

st p

iece

and

radi

ogra

phs;

nu

mbe

r of e

xpos

ures

;

pe

rform

ance

of t

he te

st a

nd

re

porti

ng o

f tes

t res

ults

;

vi

ewin

g of

the

film

s;

cl

assi

ficat

ion

of d

efec

ts;

as

sess

men

t of t

he re

sults

acco

rdin

g to

app

licab

le c

odes

and

stan

dard

s;

lis

t of r

equi

red

acce

ssor

ies.

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 15

Page 22

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h 5.

7 Ev

alua

tion

and

repo

rtin

g

E 1,

5 P

1,0

E 2,

0 B

asic

of e

valu

atio

n E

1,0

Bas

ics

of e

valu

atio

n

Vie

win

g co

nditi

ons:

ro

om c

ondi

tion;

vi

ewin

g tim

e;

la

psed

tim

e af

ter d

azzl

ing;

fil

m il

lum

inat

or, l

umin

ance

;

de

nsity

mea

sure

men

t.

Bas

ics

of e

valu

atio

n A

dditi

onal

to L

evel

1:

M

ach

effe

ct.

Film

illu

min

ator

acc

ordi

ng to

E

N 2

5580

:

min

. lum

inan

ce;

ho

mog

enei

ty fa

ctor

.

Phy

siol

ogic

al fa

ctor

s:

ey

esig

ht;

ad

apta

tion

prio

r to

view

ing.

Film

illu

min

ator

acc

ordi

ng to

E

N 2

5580

:

min

. lum

inan

ce;

ho

mog

enei

ty fa

ctor

.

Phy

siol

ogic

al fa

ctor

s:

ey

esig

ht;

ad

apta

tion

prio

r to

view

ing.

Ev

alua

tion

of ra

diog

raph

s E

2,0

Eval

uatio

n of

radi

ogra

phs

E 3,

5 Ev

alua

tion

of ra

diog

raph

s E

2,0

V

erifi

catio

n th

e im

age

qual

ity

P 1,

0 V

erifi

catio

n of

imag

e qu

ality

Ver

ifica

tion

of im

age

qual

ity

P 2,

0

R

epor

t of s

impl

e w

eldi

ng a

nd c

astin

g im

perfe

ctio

ns

R

epor

t of i

mpe

rfect

ions

Rep

ort o

f im

perfe

ctio

ns

Te

st re

port

: E

1,0

Che

ck o

f tes

t rep

ort

E 4,

0 Fe

asib

ility

of t

est r

epor

t E

3,0

P

2,0

Doe

s it

com

ply

with

the

exam

inat

ion

stan

dard

?

Con

firm

atio

n of

the

radi

ogra

phic

im

age

qual

ity v

s. te

st re

port

P 2,

0

w

eldi

ng a

ccor

ding

to E

N 1

435;

cast

ings

acc

ordi

ng to

EN

126

81.

C

onfo

rmed

to th

e te

st q

ualit

y

A

chie

ved

test

cla

ss

A

chie

ved

imag

e qu

ality

cla

ss

A

chie

ved

diag

nost

ic c

over

age

of te

st

obje

ct

5.8

Ass

essm

ent

Cla

ssifi

catio

n of

impe

rfec

tions

Ty

pe, s

ize,

loca

lizat

ion,

freq

uenc

y E

12,5

P

6,0

Cla

ssifi

catio

n of

impe

rfec

tions

Ty

pe, s

ize,

loca

lizat

ion,

freq

uenc

y E

8,0

P 7,

0

Wel

ding

:

Wel

ding

:

acco

rdin

g to

EN

ISO

581

7;

acco

rdin

g to

EN

ISO

581

7;

acco

rdin

g to

EN

120

62 o

r IS

O 1

7635

;

ac

cord

ing

to E

N 1

2062

or

ISO

176

35 ;

acco

rdin

g E

N 1

2517

;

ac

cord

ing

to E

N 1

2517

;

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

16 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 23

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

acco

rdin

g to

sta

ndar

d on

insp

ectio

n of

pre

ssur

e ve

ssel

s

(EN

134

45-5

);

acco

rdin

g to

sta

ndar

d on

insp

ectio

n of

pre

ssur

e ve

ssel

s

(E

N 1

3445

-5);

cast

ing;

ca

stin

g;

acco

rdin

g to

AS

TM.

acco

rdin

g to

AS

TM.

E

valu

atio

n ca

talo

gue

to

EN

ISO

581

7

Eva

luat

ion

cata

logu

e to

E

N IS

O 5

817

A

STM

cat

alog

ue

A

STM

cat

alog

ue

O

ther

nat

iona

l tra

inin

g ca

talo

gues

Oth

er n

atio

nal t

rain

ing

cata

logu

es

In

fluen

ce o

f man

ufac

ture

and

m

ater

ial

In

fluen

ce o

f man

ufac

ture

and

m

ater

ial

5.9

Qua

lity

aspe

cts

Pers

onne

l qua

lific

atio

n (a

ccor

ding

to E

N 4

73 a

nd IS

O 9

712)

E 1,

0 Pe

rson

nel q

ualif

icat

ion

(acc

ordi

ng to

EN

473

and

ISO

971

2)E

2,0

Pers

onne

l qua

lific

atio

n (a

ccor

ding

to E

N 4

73 a

nd IS

O 9

712)

E 2,

0

E

quip

men

t ver

ifica

tion

E

quip

men

t ver

ifica

tion

E

quip

men

t ver

ifica

tion

W

ritte

n in

stru

ctio

ns

Fo

rmat

of w

orki

ng p

roce

dure

s

Tr

acea

bilit

y of

doc

umen

ts

Tr

acea

bilit

y of

doc

umen

ts

O

ther

ND

T qu

alifi

catio

n an

d ce

rtific

atio

n sc

hem

e

A

revi

ew o

f app

licab

le N

DT

appl

icat

ion

and

prod

uct s

tand

ards

A re

view

of a

pplic

able

ND

T ap

plic

atio

n an

d pr

oduc

t sta

ndar

ds

5.10

D

evel

opm

ents

A

ltern

ativ

e de

tect

ors

to fi

lm

Flat

pan

el d

etec

tors

E

0,5

Inno

vativ

e ra

diol

ogic

al

tech

niqu

es

3-di

men

sion

al ra

diol

ogy

test

ing:

E 4,

5

ster

eo te

chni

que;

mul

ti an

gle

tech

niqu

e;

com

pute

d la

min

ogra

phy;

com

pute

d to

mog

raph

y:

prin

cipl

e;

appl

icat

ions

;

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 17

Page 24

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

digi

tal i

mag

e pr

oces

sing

;

film

dig

itiza

tion;

imag

e en

hanc

emen

t.

Tota

l dur

atio

n

E 40

,5

E

83

E

91,5

P

32,5

P 20

P 31

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

18 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 25

6 U

ltras

onic

test

ing

— L

evel

s 1,

2 a

nd 3

The

lette

rs E

and

P fo

llow

ed b

y a

valu

e in

dica

te th

e ed

ucat

iona

l tra

inin

g tim

e an

d pr

actic

al tr

aini

ng ti

me

resp

ectiv

ely,

in h

ours

.

NO

TE

As

spec

ified

in E

N 4

73, d

irect

acc

ess

to th

e le

vel 3

exa

min

atio

n re

quire

s th

e to

tal h

ours

sho

wn

for l

evel

1 a

nd le

vel 2

.

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h 6.

1 In

trod

uctio

n to

, te

rmin

olog

y an

d hi

stor

y of

, ND

T

Task

of n

on-d

estr

uctiv

e te

stin

g —

Pe

rson

nel

His

tory

of N

DT

Term

inol

ogy

of N

DT

(EN

133

0-1

and

EN

133

0-2)

E 1,

0 R

evie

w o

f lev

el 1

kno

wle

dge

Term

inol

ogy

and

defin

ition

s of

UT

E 1,

0 Te

rmin

olog

y an

d de

finiti

ons

of U

TO

verv

iew

of s

tand

ards

: IS

O,

CE

N a

nd n

atio

nal (

gene

ral,

and

prod

ucts

)

E 1,

5

H

isto

ry o

f UT

Te

rmin

olog

y of

UT

(EN

133

0-4)

6.2

Phys

ical

prin

cipl

es o

f th

e m

etho

d an

d as

soci

ated

kno

wle

dge

Rel

evan

t sta

ndar

ds:

E

N 5

83-1

to E

N 5

83-6

E

N 1

4127

R

evie

w o

f mat

hem

atic

al b

asic

s P

hysi

cal d

efin

ition

s an

d ty

pica

l pa

ram

eter

s

E 10

,0

E 16

,0

Sam

e as

leve

l 2 p

lus:

Isot

ropi

c an

d an

isot

ropi

c

mat

eria

ls

P

heno

men

a of

gui

ded

pr

opag

atio

n

V

eloc

ity m

easu

rem

ent a

nd

di

sper

sion

E 16

,0

S

inus

oida

l mov

emen

t, am

plitu

de,

perio

d, fr

eque

ncy,

wav

elen

gth,

pr

opag

atio

n ve

loci

ty

Phys

ical

def

initi

ons

and

typi

cal

para

met

ers

Sam

e as

leve

l 1 p

lus:

acou

stic

impe

danc

e, fa

ctor

s of

refle

ctio

n an

d tra

nsm

issi

on

(n

orm

al b

eam

onl

y);

be

am p

ropa

gatio

n.

R

elat

ion

betw

een

velo

city

and

el

astic

pro

perti

es o

f mat

eria

l

Vario

us ty

pes

of w

ave

mod

es

Va

rious

type

s of

wav

e m

odes

Lo

ngitu

dina

l wav

es

S

ame

as le

vel 1

plu

s:

Tran

sver

se w

aves

Con

cept

s of

sur

face

wav

es o

r R

ayle

igh

wav

es a

nd o

f pla

te w

aves

or

Lam

b w

aves

exte

nded

kno

wle

dge

of s

urfa

ce

w

aves

or R

ayle

igh

wav

es a

nd

of

pla

te w

aves

or L

amb

wav

es;

cr

eepi

ng w

aves

.

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 19

Page 26

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

Ref

lect

ion

and

refr

actio

n

Ref

lect

ion

and

refr

actio

n

N

orm

al in

cide

nce,

tran

smis

sion

, and

re

flect

ion

S

ame

as le

vel 1

plu

s ac

oust

ic

pres

sure

In

cide

nce

obliq

ue

Sne

ll’s

law

C

ritic

al a

ngle

s, m

ode

conv

ersi

on

Tr

ansm

issi

on a

nd re

cept

ion

of

ultr

ason

ic w

aves

Tran

smis

sion

and

rece

ptio

n of

ul

tras

onic

wav

es

Pie

zo-e

lect

ric e

ffect

Fe

rro-

elec

trici

ty o

r ele

ctro

stric

tion

Mag

neto

stric

tion

S

ame

as le

vel 1

Fe

rro-

elec

trici

ty o

r ele

ctro

stric

tion

Mag

neto

stric

tion

Tr

ansd

ucer

cha

ract

eris

tics

Tr

ansd

ucer

cha

ract

eris

tics

M

ater

ial,

dim

ensi

ons,

pie

zo-e

lect

ric

cons

tant

s

Sam

e as

leve

l 1 (d

eepe

r kno

wle

dge)

C

hara

cter

istic

s of

the

beam

of a

ci

rcul

ar tr

ansd

ucer

Cha

ract

eris

tics

of th

e be

am o

f a

circ

ular

tran

sduc

er

In

fluen

ce o

f tra

nsdu

cer f

requ

ency

an

d di

amet

er

S

ame

as le

vel 1

plu

s:

ch

arac

teris

tics

of th

e be

am o

f a

re

ctan

gula

r tra

nsdu

cer;

N

ear f

ield

(Fre

snel

zon

e)

beam

pro

filin

g.

Fa

r fie

ld (F

raun

hofe

r zon

e)

Bea

m d

iver

genc

e

Bea

m d

iver

genc

e fa

ctor

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

20 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 27

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

6.3

Prod

uct k

now

ledg

e an

d re

late

d ca

pabi

lity

of th

e m

etho

d an

d de

rived

tech

niqu

es

Vario

us d

efec

ts re

late

d to

the

man

ufac

turin

g pr

oces

ses

and

serv

ice-

indu

ced

defe

cts

rela

ted

to

the

defin

ed s

ecto

rs

Impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

test

ing

tech

niqu

es a

ccor

ding

to p

rodu

cts

and

to e

xpec

ted

disc

ontin

uitie

s

E 4,

0 E

8,0

E 8,

0

In

fluen

ce o

f geo

met

ry a

nd s

truct

ure

(spu

rious

ech

oes,

sou

nd

atte

nuat

ion)

Sam

e as

leve

l 1 p

lus:

ta

ndem

(zon

es);

se

lect

ion

of

trans

duce

rs

for

re

quire

d re

solu

tion

and

redu

ctio

n

of n

oise

(typ

e, fr

eque

ncy,

siz

e);

im

mer

sion

;

TO

FD;

ph

ased

arra

ys.

Influ

ence

of t

he m

ain

para

met

ers

Sam

e as

leve

l 2 p

lus:

ch

oice

of t

echn

ique

s (c

onta

ct,

im

mer

sion

, tra

nsm

issi

on,

re

sona

nce,

etc

.);

E

MA

T;

m

ultip

le p

robe

arra

ys.

A c

ompr

ehen

sive

und

erst

andi

ng a

nd

know

ledg

e of

the

man

ufac

turin

g pr

oces

ses

and

asso

ciat

ed

met

allu

rgy

and

flaw

type

s et

c.

A c

ompr

ehen

sive

und

erst

andi

ng a

nd

know

ledg

e of

the

caus

e an

d fo

rmat

ion

of in

-ser

vice

def

ects

in

clud

ing

asso

ciat

ed m

etal

lurg

y an

d fla

w ty

pes,

etc

.

E 8,

0 E

8,0

6.4

Equi

pmen

t

E 8,

0 P

4,0

P 4,

0 P

4,0

Vario

us p

robe

s (n

orm

al,

angl

e, d

ual):

inst

rum

ents

(ana

logi

cal a

nd

digi

tal);

puls

e ge

nera

tion;

rece

ptio

n an

d am

plifi

catio

n (p

erce

ntag

e an

d dB

);

rang

e se

tting

;

A- s

can

pres

enta

tion;

B- a

nd C

-sca

n pr

esen

tatio

n.

Sam

e as

leve

l 1 p

lus:

de

taile

d kn

owle

dge

of th

e

diffe

rent

func

tions

of U

T te

st

eq

uipm

ent;

au

tom

atic

and

sem

i-aut

omat

ic

sy

stem

s;

B

- and

C-s

can

pres

enta

tion

(d

eepe

r kno

wle

dge)

;

co

upla

nt (d

eepe

r kno

wle

dge)

;

ca

libra

tion

refe

renc

e an

d

trans

fer b

lock

s.

Sam

e as

leve

l 2 p

lus:

sy

stem

s (m

anua

l/sem

i-

auto

mat

ic, a

utom

atic

,): s

peed

,

incr

emen

tatio

n, re

peat

abilit

y,

et

c.;

an

alog

flaw

det

ecto

rs

(d

iffer

ent c

ircui

ts);

di

gita

l fla

w d

etec

tors

(com

paris

on w

ith a

nalo

g fla

w

de

tect

ors,

sam

plin

g-ra

te);

sp

ecia

l equ

ipm

ent i

nclu

ding

thic

knes

s m

easu

rem

ent.

Pro

bes:

dy

nam

ic ra

nge;

pr

obes

for i

mm

ersi

on: f

ocus

ed,

sp

heric

al, c

ylin

dric

al, F

erm

at

su

rface

;

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 21

Page 28

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

A

dditi

onal

func

tions

:

coup

lant

.

m

easu

rem

ent o

f pul

se le

ngth

prac

tical

mes

urem

ent o

f the

near

fiel

d;

sh

oe (d

elay

, cur

vatu

re, e

tc.);

co

nnec

ting

cabl

es (s

ealin

g,

in

sula

tion

and

flexi

bilit

y;

bl

ocks

— re

pres

enta

tivity

.

Sam

e as

leve

l 1 (d

eepe

r kn

owle

dge)

plu

s Sa

me

as le

vel 2

plu

s

Sel

ectio

n of

tech

nica

l par

amet

ers:

6.

5

Info

rmat

ion

prio

r to

test

ing

Writ

ten

inst

ruct

ions

(pre

pare

d by

a

leve

l 2 o

r 3):

ob

ject

ives

;

re

quire

men

ts.

E 2,

0

cont

ents

and

requ

irem

ents

of

inst

ruct

ions

, pro

cedu

res

and

stan

dard

s.

E 2,

0 P

8,0

pr

oduc

ts —

geo

met

ry, s

urfa

ce

qu

ality

, acc

essi

bilit

y,

en

viro

nmen

t, et

c.;

E 2,

0 P

8,0

U

T in

dica

tion/

disc

ontin

uity

/def

ect:

ty

pe, o

rigin

, sha

pe,d

imen

sion

,

orie

ntat

ion,

tilt/

skew

, etc

.;

prop

ertie

s of

the

equi

pmen

t.

P

repa

ratio

n of

writ

ten

inst

ruct

ions

Pre

para

tion

of w

ritte

n sp

ecifi

catio

ns

Sam

e as

leve

l 2 p

lus:

Sa

me

as le

vel 1

(dee

per

know

ledg

e) p

lus:

6.

6

Test

ing

Verif

icat

ion

of c

ombi

ned

equi

pmen

t (a

ccor

ding

to E

N 1

2668

-3)

E 8,

0 P

16,0

re

fere

nce

refle

ctor

s (la

ws

of

di

stan

ce a

nd s

ize)

;

E 12

,0

P 16

,0

cont

rol a

nd a

sses

smen

t of

proc

edur

es a

nd in

stru

ctio

ns fo

r the

ir ef

ficie

ncy.

E 8,

0

P 8,

0

St

anda

rdiz

ed c

alib

ratio

n bl

ocks

re

f: E

N 1

2223

and

EN

279

63

DG

S-m

etho

d;

D

AC

-cur

ves;

C

onta

ct te

chni

que

(str

aigh

t and

an

gle

beam

) R

efle

ctio

n

dist

ance

/am

plitu

de-c

orre

ctio

n;

tra

nsfe

r cor

rect

ion

(sur

face

and

atte

nuat

ion)

;

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

22 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 29

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

Tr

ansm

issi

on

sizi

ng te

chni

ques

, prin

cipl

es

an

d lim

itatio

ns;

Im

mer

sion

tech

niqu

es (s

trai

ght

and

angl

e be

am)

scan

ning

.

R

efle

ctio

n

Tr

ansm

issi

on

Setti

ng o

f ran

ge a

nd s

ensi

tivity

R

efer

ence

refle

ctor

s

Tr

ansf

er c

orre

ctio

n

U

ltras

onic

thic

knes

s m

easu

rem

ent

E

quip

men

t

Te

chni

ques

6.7

Eval

uatio

n an

d re

port

ing

Det

ectin

g, lo

catin

g (tr

igon

omet

rical

rule

s) a

nd s

izin

g te

chni

ques

R

ecor

ding

and

eva

luat

ion

leve

l A

ccep

tanc

e le

vels

E 4,

0 P

4,0

E 4,

0 P

8,0

E 4,

0 P

4,0

Te

st re

ports

S

yste

m o

f coo

rdin

ates

Sam

e as

leve

l 1 (d

eepe

r kn

owle

dge)

plu

s:

char

acte

rizat

ion

(pla

nar/n

on-p

lana

r ac

cord

ing

to E

N 1

713

for w

elds

); in

terp

reta

tion

and

eval

uatio

n of

in

dica

tions

.

M

easu

rem

ent (

prob

e, re

flect

or)

Cal

cula

ted

valu

es

Use

of c

ompl

emen

tary

ND

T m

etho

ds:

inte

rpre

tatio

n of

rele

vant

stan

dard

s an

d co

des;

eval

uatio

n (c

onve

ntio

nal

appr

oach

, val

idat

ed m

etho

d);

dist

inct

ion

defe

ct/a

rtefa

ct;

acce

ptan

ce c

riter

ia;

leve

l of s

igni

fican

t var

iatio

n;

stor

age

and

reco

rdin

g pr

oces

s.

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 23

Page 30

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h Ev

alua

tion

and

conf

irmat

ion

of

test

repo

rts

App

licat

ion

of th

e ac

cept

ance

:

6.8

Ass

essm

ent

(Not

app

licab

le)

cr

iteria

acc

ordi

ng to

sta

ndar

ds,

co

des

and

proc

edur

es

E 4,

0 D

etai

led

know

ledg

e of

how

to

clas

sify

and

ass

ess

obse

rvat

ions

, an

alys

e th

e re

sults

and

com

pare

th

em to

cod

es, s

tand

ards

and

de

sign

spe

cific

atio

ns, e

tc.

E 4,

0

How

to d

evel

op c

odes

, sta

ndar

ds

and

desi

gn s

peci

ficat

ions

, etc

., in

to

clea

r acc

epta

nce

crite

ria to

be

writ

ten

into

pro

cedu

res

and

inst

ruct

ions

.

Als

o ho

w to

find

in

form

atio

n/as

sist

ance

to in

vest

igat

e ob

serv

atio

ns n

ot c

over

ed b

y co

des

and

stan

dard

s an

d de

velo

p ac

cept

ance

crit

eria

. The

trai

ning

of

leve

ls 1

and

2 fo

r the

se a

ccep

tanc

e cr

iteria

.

6.9

Qua

lity

aspe

cts

Pers

onne

l qua

lific

atio

n (a

ccor

ding

to E

N 4

73 a

nd IS

O 9

712)

E 1,

0 Pe

rson

nel q

ualif

icat

ion

(acc

ordi

ng to

EN

473

and

ISO

971

2)E

1,0

P 2,

0 Pe

rson

nel q

ualif

icat

ion

and

resp

onsi

bilit

y (a

ccor

ding

to E

N 4

73 a

nd IS

O 9

712)

E 2,

0 P

4,0

E

quip

men

t ver

ifica

tion

E

quip

men

t ver

ifica

tion

E

quip

men

t ver

ifica

tion

W

ritte

n in

stru

ctio

ns

Fo

rmat

of w

orki

ng p

roce

dure

s

Tr

acea

bilit

y of

doc

umen

ts

Tr

acea

bilit

y of

doc

umen

ts

O

ther

ND

T qu

alifi

catio

n an

d ce

rtific

atio

n sy

stem

s

A

revi

ew o

f app

licab

le N

DT

appl

icat

ions

and

pro

duct

sta

ndar

ds

6.10

D

evel

opm

ents

(N

ot a

pplic

able

)

Gen

eral

info

rmat

ion

E 1,

0 N

ewes

t dev

elop

men

ts fo

r ind

ustri

al

and

scie

ntifi

c ap

plic

atio

ns o

f UT:

e.g

. to

mog

raph

y ho

logr

aphy

, aco

ustic

m

icro

scop

y.

E 1,

0

Tota

l dur

atio

n

E 38

P

24

E

57

P 38

E 54

.5

P 28

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

24 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Page 31

7 Ed

dy c

urre

nt te

stin

g —

Lev

els

1, 2

and

3

The

lette

rs E

and

P fo

llow

ed b

y a

valu

e in

dica

te th

e ed

ucat

iona

l tra

inin

g tim

e an

d pr

actic

al tr

aini

ng ti

me

resp

ectiv

ely,

in h

ours

.

NO

TE

As

spec

ified

in E

N 4

73, d

irect

acc

ess

to th

e le

vel 3

exa

min

atio

n re

quire

s th

e to

tal h

ours

sho

wn

for l

evel

1 a

nd le

vel 2

.

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h

7.1

Intr

oduc

tion

to,

term

inol

ogy

and

hist

ory

of, N

DT

Gen

eral

ities

on

ND

T:

Wha

t is

test

ing?

Wha

t is

the

purp

ose

of N

DT?

At w

hat s

tage

of t

he li

fe o

f a

“pro

duct

” is

ND

T pe

rform

ed?

How

do

es it

add

val

ue?

Who

may

car

ry

out N

DT?

Mai

n N

DT

met

hods

.

E 1,

0 G

ener

aliti

es o

n N

DT:

Wha

t is

test

ing?

Wha

t is

the

purp

ose

of N

DT?

At w

hat s

tage

of t

he li

fe o

f a

“pro

duct

” is

ND

T pe

rform

ed?

How

do

es it

add

val

ue W

ho m

ay c

arry

out

N

DT?

Mai

n N

DT

met

hods

.

E 1,

0 G

ener

aliti

es o

n N

DT:

Wha

t is

test

ing?

Wha

t is

the

purp

ose

of N

DT?

At w

hat s

tage

of t

he li

fe o

f a

“pro

duct

” is

ND

T pe

rform

ed?

How

do

es it

add

val

ue?

Who

may

car

ry

out N

DT?

Mai

n N

DT

met

hods

.

E 0,

5

Ed

dy c

urre

nt te

stin

g

Eddy

cur

rent

test

ing

Ed

dy c

urre

nt te

stin

g

Def

initi

on: e

lect

rom

agne

tic

inte

ract

ion

betw

een

a se

nsor

and

a

test

obj

ect c

ondu

ctin

g el

ectri

city

, pr

ovid

ing

info

rmat

ion

on p

hysi

cal

char

acte

ristic

s of

the

test

obj

ect.

D

efin

ition

: ele

ctro

mag

netic

in

tera

ctio

n be

twee

n a

sens

or a

nd a

te

st o

bjec

t con

duct

ing

elec

trici

ty,

prov

idin

g in

form

atio

n on

phy

sica

l ch

arac

teris

tics

of th

e te

st o

bjec

t.

D

efin

ition

: ele

ctro

mag

netic

in

tera

ctio

n be

twee

n a

sens

or a

nd a

te

st o

bjec

t con

duct

ing

elec

trici

ty,

prov

idin

g in

form

atio

n on

phy

sica

l ch

arac

teris

tics

of th

e te

st o

bjec

t.

H

isto

ry o

f the

met

hod

H

isto

ry o

f the

met

hod

H

isto

ry o

f the

met

hod

Te

rmin

olog

y

Term

inol

ogy

Te

rmin

olog

y

E

N 1

330-

1 an

d E

N 1

330-

2

EN

133

0-1

and

EN

133

0-2

E

N 1

330-

1 an

d E

N 1

330-

2

E

N 1

330-

5

EN

133

0- 5

EN

133

0- 5

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 25

Page 32

Con

tent

Le

vel 1

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 2

D

urat

ion

h Le

vel 3

D

urat

ion

h R

elev

ant s

tand

ards

:

EN

120

84: G

ener

al p

rinci

ples

7.

2

Phys

ical

prin

cipl

es

and

asso

ciat

ed

know

ledg

e

Not

ions

nec

essa

ry fo

r un

ders

tand

ing

eddy

cu

rren

t tes

ting.

The

kn

owle

dge

asso

ciat

ed

with

the

phys

ical

pr

inci

ples

(phy

sics

, m

athe

mat

ics)

may

, as

wel

l, be

the

obje

ct o

f a

prel

imin

ary

cour

se o

f tra

inin

g.

Fund

amen

tals

Elec

tric

ity —

ele

men

ts

Dire

ct c

urre

nt: c

urre

nt, v

olta

ge,

resi

stan

ce, c

ondu

ctan

ce, O

hm's

law

, re

sist

ivity

, con

duct

ivity

. Uni

ts,

cond

uctiv

ity v

alue

s fo

r som

e m

etal

s.

E 5,

0 P

2,0

Fund

amen

tals

Elec

tric

ity

Dire

ct c

urre

nt: c

urre

nt, v

olta

ge,

resi

stan

ce, c

ondu

ctan

ce, O

hm's

law

, re

sist

ivity

, con

duct

ivity

. Uni

ts,

cond

uctiv

ity v

alue

s fo

r som

e m

etal

s.

E 5,

0 P

4,0

Fund

amen

tals

Elec

tric

ity

Dire

ct c

urre

nt: c

urre

nt, v

olta

ge,

resi

stan

ce, c

ondu

ctan

ce, O

hm's

law

, re

sist

ivity

, con

duct

ivity

. Uni

ts,

cond

uctiv

ity v

alue

s fo

r som

e m

etal

s.

E 4,

0

Alte

rnat

ing

curre

nt: s

inus

oida

l cu

rren

t and

vol

tage

, am

plitu

de,

frequ

ency

, per

iod,

pha

se.

A

ltern

atin

g cu

rrent

: sin

usoi

dal

curr

ent a

nd v

olta

ge, a

mpl

itude

, fre

quen

cy, p

erio

d, p

hase

. Vec

tor

repr

esen

tatio

n.

A

ltern

atin

g cu

rrent

: sin

usoi

dal

curr

ent a

nd v

olta

ge, a

mpl

itude

, fre

quen

cy, p

erio

d, p

hase

. Vec

tor

repr

esen

tatio

n. O

ther

per

iodi

c cu

rren

ts.

M

agne

tism

Mag

netis

m

M

agne

tism

Mag

netis

m: m

agne

tic fi

eld,

line

s of

fo

rce,

mag

netic

fiel

d st

reng

th.

Per

mea

bilit

y, fl

ux d

ensi

ty (i

nduc

tion)

. Fl

ux. H

yste

resi

s lo

op. U

nits

.

M

agne

tism

: mag

netic

fiel

d, li

nes

of

forc

e, m

agne

tic fi

eld

stre

ngth

. P

erm

eabi

lity,

flux

den

sity

(ind

uctio

n).

Flux

. Hys

tere

sis

loop

. Rel

ucta

nce.

M

agne

to-m

otiv

e fo

rce.

Uni

ts.

M

agne

tism

: mag

netic

fiel

d, li

nes

of

forc

e, m

agne

tic fi

eld

stre

ngth

. P

erm

eabi

lity,

flux

den

sity

(ind

uctio

n).

Flux

. Hys

tere

sis

loop

. Rel

ucta

nce.

M

agne

to-m

otiv

e fo

rce.

Uni

ts.

D

iam

agne

tism

, par

amag

netis

m,

ferr

omag

netis

m.

D

iam

agne

tism

, par

amag

netis

m,

ferr

omag

netis

m.

ISO/TR 25107:2006(E)

26 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved