Taipei vs Klcc

8/10/2019 Taipei vs Klcc

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SARAWAKDEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYINGFACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING

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Acknowledgement

Alhamdulillah, I thank Allah S.W.T for the blessing and strength for we to manage and completeour assignment according to the guidance and time given. This topic interests we want to learn

more on the Construction Economic. Moreover, this report taught we more about the Quantity

Surveyor profession and the construction industry itself.

We would like thank to my lecturers of this assignment, Sir. Mohd Azrai Azman he

advice and guidance on this assignment. He motivates we to complete our assignment

successfully. May Allah bless and reward him for he sincere endeavor and contributions on our

path of knowledge.

Furthermore, we would like thank our parents, family, and others for their cooperation,

encouragement, constructive suggestion and support for the completion of this assignment from

the start till the end. Also, we would like to thank all of my friends that has contributed more or

less for their support and help during the progress of the final report until it is fully completed.


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Introduction

Petronas Twin TowersKuala Lumpur City Centre is a multipurpose development area in Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia. The area is located around Jalan Ampang, Jalan P. Ramlee, Jalan Binjai, Jalan Kia

Peng and Jalan Pinang.

Designed to be a city within a city, the 100-acre site hosts the tallest twin buildings in the

world, shopping mall, hotels, office buildings and several hotels. A public park and a mosque is

also built on the area and open to everyone. The whole project is cooled via district cooling

located on the property.

According to the Council on Tall Buildings

and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)'s official definition

and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the

world from 1998 to 2004 until surpassed by Taipei

101, but they remain the tallest twin buildings in

the world.The buildings are the landmark of Kuala

Lumpur with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower.


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Taipei 101

Taipei 101, formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a landmark

skyscraper located in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building ranked officially as the world's

tallest from 2004 until the opening of the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in 2010.Taipei 101 was designed

by C.Y. Lee & partners and constructed primarily by KTRT Joint Venture.The construction was

finished in 2004. The tower has served as an icon of modern Taiwan ever since its opening.

Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground.

The building was architecturally created as a symbol of the evolution of technology and

Asian tradition (see Symbolism). Its postmodernist approach to style incorporates traditional

design elements and gives them modern treatments. The tower is designed to withstand

typhoons and earthquakes. A multi-level shopping mall adjoining the tower houses hundreds of

fashionable stores, restaurants and clubs.

Taipei 101 is owned by the TFCC and managed by the International division of Urban

Retail Properties Corporation based in Chicago. The name originally planned for the building,

Taipei World Financial Center, until 2003, was derived from the name of the owner. The original

name in Chinese was literally, Taipei International Financial Center


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Details of Buildings

Petronas Twin Towers

Location: Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur City Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Construction Dates: Began 1992

Finished 1998

Floor Count: 88 floors

Basement Floors: 5

Floor Area: 341,760 m

Building Uses: Office, observation

Structural Types: Highrise, bridge, pole

Architectural Style: Pagoda style, postmodern

Materials: Glass, steel, aluminium

Height: Spire (1483 ft) or 451.9 m

Structural (1242 ft) Height of Superstructure (without cone and spire)

Top floor (1230 ft)

Skybridge (558 ft) Height above street level

Length of skybridge (192 ft)


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Characteristics of Petronas Twin Tower

The Petronas Towers rise to 452 meters high, formerly held the "official" World's Tallest

Building titles for seven years, from 1998 to 2003, due to their decorative spires. However, this

is only possible by the spires atop the two buildings. Counting by roof height, the Sears Tower in

Chicago rises an estimated 30 meters above the Petronas Towers.

The Sears Tower also reached a taller total height of 527 meters to tip of the antenna.

But the antenna was not taken into consideration because they don't have a dicurative use. Its

title was overtaken by the 508 meter Taipei 101 in 2004.The 88-floor towers are constructed

largely of reinforced concrete, with a steel and glass facade designed to resemble motifs found

in Islamic art, a reflection of Malaysia's Muslim religion.

Another Islamic influence on the design is that the cross section of the towers is based

on a Rub el Hizb, albeit with circular sectors added to meet office space requirements. This

towers has served as an icon of modern Malaysia.

Petronas, short for "Petroliam Nasional", is the Malaysian national petroleum company. The

Petronas Company occupies all of tower one.

The similar design and experience with the Miglin -Beitler Skyneedle-Miglin-Beitler Skyneedle

from Chicago influenced the chose of the architectural and engineering team.

The building around the base contains a shopping mall.

The skybridge on levels 41-42 are accessible for public viewing. Tickets are free.

Among the total lifts, 29 are double-decker high speed passenger one in each tower. Each of

those can carry 26 persons.


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Plan, Shape and Height


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Taipei 101

Location: Xinyi District Taipei, Taiwan

Construction Dates: Began 1999

Finished 2004

Floor Count: 101 floors

Basement Floors: 5

Floor Area: 412,500 m

Building Uses: Office,communication, conference, library, observation, restaurant

Structural Types: Highrise, pole, tuned mass damper

Architectural Style: Pagoda style

Materials: Glass, steel

Height: Spire 1667 ft

Roof 1470 ft Architect plans

Top floor 1437 ft 101st floor, Observation deck (inside)

Floor 91 1282 ft Observation deck (outside)

Floor 89 1254 ft Observation deck (inside)

Floor 86 1213 ft Club House

Floor 12 207 ft Podium roof (highest point)

Floor 6 124 ft Podium main roof

Ground level 0 ft

Sea level -4 ft

Floor b5 -103 ft


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Characteristics of Taipei 101

Taipei 101 is designed to withstand the typhoon winds and earthquake tremors common

in its area of the Asia-Pacific.TAIPEI is mnemonic for Technology, Art, Innovation, People,

Environment, and Identity. 101 represents the concept of striving for beyond perfection.

- Taipei 101, whose pinnacle reached full height on Oct. 9, 2003, is currently the official world's

tallest building in the categories of highest structurally, highest roof, and highest occupied floor.

The Sears Tower in Chicago holds the fourth category of overall height.

- The multi-use structure will house retail facilities on Levels 1-4; a fitness center on Levels 5-6;

offices on Levels 7-84; restaurants on Levels 86-88; observation decks on Levels 89, 91, and

101; and communication facilities on Levels 92-100.

- There is a station for the Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) beneath the building awaiting the

eventual construction of the Hsinyi line.

- On December 15, 2004, Toshiba installed the world's two fastest elevators. With top speeds of

1010 m/min, observation deck visitors can whiz from Level B1 to 89 in 39 seconds.

- A 900-ton tuned mass damper is installed on the 87th floor to counter earthquakes and

typhoons. It will be available for public viewing from the restaurant levels and observation deck.


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Plan, Shape and Height


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Construction Method (Comparisons)

Between Petronas twin towers and Taipei 101

Definition

Petronas twin towers is located in Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur City Centre

Kuala Lumpur Malaysia and Taipei 101 is located in Xinyi District Taipei, Taiwan. Both of

building are icon of modern Malaysia and Taiwan. The height of building for Petronas twin

towers is 451.9m and Taipei 101 is 509m. The different of height of this two building are only

57.1m. Ranking by Tallest skyscrapers in the world now on 2014, Taipei 101 are number 5 and

Petronas twins tower in Number 8 in the world. But Petronas still the Tallest twin towers in the

world.


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Comparisons Between Petronas Twin towers and Taipei 101

Construction Method

SubstructurePetronas Twin Towers

.


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Taipei 101

The resistance of the building structure is based on 8 sidebars, and 16 central columns. The

latter form a mega structure through which passes the elevator. The columns are a hybrid of

metal and concrete. The size of the steel columns is 3.6 meters wide, 3.4 x 3 meters long and

have a thickness of 80 millimeters of steel.

The body of the columns are filled with reinforced concrete, to achieve greater endurance. Part

of the circular building is made up of "mega mega columns and beams," and to link the two is

made, every eight floors, the central columns interlocked with the side through the rafters. For

the unions are performed some cuts in the beams, which allows better stabilize the peso and

dissipate energy in cases of landslides, so that the walls are cracking. In the main part of the

building will also add about 30 meters of columns, which can penetrate to the rocky terrain. Inthis part of the support, adding a total of 601 underground columns of 1.5 meters in diameter,

plus another 16 support columns in the commercial part of Taipei. To distribute the load of the

building, engineers built a concrete platform in the middle of 3.5 meters thick and at the

periphery of 4.7 meters and on the sides of 3.5 meters. "The columns are based on the platform

and it in turn distributes the load on the columns of support to ground level,


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Frame

Petronas Twin Towers

Steel and concrete


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Taipei 101

Taipei 101 used steel columns as the building frame which minimise the tower costs on the

foundations, minimise seismic (Study of earthquakes) forces by keeping buildings mass low and

to benefit from a strong construction steel industry. When designing the columns, ease of the

steel erection and concreting had to be considered whereby the super column is the primary

vertical members of the mega structure.

Super ColumnsBy minimising the size and the thickness used high strength steel plates are

used which can stand yield strength of 60Ksi which is normally specified for super columns.

The ductility of steel plates has therefore needs to improve in order to meet the welding

requirements as ultrasonic tests are required to test the materials, which then creates a

weldability material.

Concrete To provide stiffness and structural strength the super columns are filled with high

concrete. Steel box columns are what serve as the form of concrete whilst the overall stiffness is

enhanced by concrete.

Materials: 60ksi Steel

10,000 psi Concrete

Systems : Outrigger Trusses, Moment Frames, Belt Trusses

Lateral Load Resistance : Braced Moment Frames in the buildings core, Outrigger from core to

perimeter, Perimeter Moment Frames

Shear walls : Basement and first 8 floors


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Upper Floors

Petronas Twin Tower


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Taipei 101


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Roof

Petronas Twin Tower

Petronas Twin Tower

Type : Tapered roof with spire and glass

Definition : A tapered roof with a spire is a pointed roof which gives the appearance of a

cone with a spire rising from its highest point. The roof must have either a

curved plan or more than four sides.


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Taipei 101

Type :


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External Walls


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Taipei 101

Type of Window used :-

Taipei 101 is a 101-story high-rise building. The curtain wall uses enhanced double-

glazing systems with tinted glass that offers broad vision from the interior. The slanted

exterior curtain wallmaximizes the penetration of natural light without any reflective glare. The

high-tech insulated glazing has a special treatment that reduces two-thirds of the external heat

to save energy and provide comfort.

Approximately 20,000 units clad the tower and the podium totalizing 125,000 sqm of a

pressure equalized, unitized system engineered to withstand seismic and typhoon loadings.

There are also several special cladding features, such as the 2-story high 32 stainless steelelements weighing 5 tons each and the 14 m diameter discs with a projection of 4 m. The 7-

story podium consists of many different systems, skylights, 5 mm thick aluminum hook-on

systems, stainless steel and granite shop fronts, complex canopy designs and point system

glazing.

The podium is enclosed by a 42 m high glass

skylight, one of the world largest indoor public spaces.

This make the cost of this building more costly inpart of the window. Windows type that this building used

more less are same with Petronas Twin Tower, but its have

its own advantage and lack also.


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Window details :-

The high-tech insulated glazing

Reduces two-thirds of the external heat Save energy and provide comfort.

Type of Wall

Green glass faade window.

Doubling panned and glazed.

Heat and UV treatment render.

Material

Curtain wall. ( double glazing)

The faade system of glass aluminium panel

installed into an inclined moment resisting

Properties

Can be multifaceted, able to perform a wide

variety of functions ( thermal insulation )

Shape

Ideas from Chinese pagoda and the shape of bamboo flower.

It means blooming and success

Architectural Design:-

Pagoda Style

Eight prominent sections

Chinese lucky number 8

In China, 8 is a homonym for prosperity

Even number = rhythmand symmetry


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Construction Process:-

380 piles with 3 inch concrete slab.

Mega columns- 8 cm thick steel & 10,000 psi concrete infill to provide foroverturning.

Walls - 5 & 7 degree slope.

106,000 tons of steel, grade 60- 25% stronger.

6 cranes on sitesteel placement.

Electrical & Mechanical.

Curtain wall placement.


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Finishes for Taipei 101

Taipei 101's characteristic blue-green glass curtain walls are double paned and glazed,

offer heat and protection from the sun sufficient to block external heat by 50 percent, and cansustain impacts of 7 metric tons. Recycled water meets 20-30 percent of the building's water

needs.

Upgrades are currently under way to make Taipei 101 the world's tallest green building.

Designed to use less energy and water and provide better indoor air quality than a traditionally

built skyscraper of comparable size, Taipei 101 embarked on an 18-month renovation to

increase efficiency and further reduce the building's environmental footprint.

The owners are shooting for platinum certification under the U.S. Green BuildingCouncil's Leadership in Environmental Standards for an existing building. If successful, Taipei

101 would be the tallest existing building to attain LEED-EBOM certification at the highest level

possible.

The Taipei 101 was a record breaking endeavor that exceeded and is still seeking to

surpass expectations. Its Chinese traditional and symbolic design lends the way for innovation,

ingenuity, and a standard for future buildings of its type and magnitude. From the specially

created steel structure to its unique shock dampening system, the tower is a marvel of

engineering ingenuity. Green building is the way of our future, by seeking the highest grade of

LEED certification, the Taipei 101 tower is the leading the way and setting a standard of

environmental consciousness in building.

The Taipei 101 building is a distinctive addition to the citys skyline and the exclusive

group of the worlds tallest buildings. As befits those distinctions, its structural design has

addressed the demands of architectural form, typhoon winds and seismic safety through

creative steel framing and the composition of performance specific materials.


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Petronas Twin Tower (KLCC)

DOORS SYSTEM OF KLCC

Aluminum

The majority of commercial shops inside the KLCC use exterior entrances made from

aluminum. This product is popular because of its beautiful shine and modern appeal. Aluminum

entrances are also easy to customize with different types of glass and window patterns.

This material is very good at withstanding the elements. It will not rust or corrode, and in

fact, when exposed to the air, a chemical

process takes place that actually hardens

and strengthens the surface of the

aluminum.

This product is used on storefront

systems, sliding doors and revolving

entrances. While aluminum can be

expensive, it is also very durable and long

lasting.


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Wood

Some areas in KLCC is using wood doors which are from many

different veneers, with oak and mahogany among the most popular.

Wood doors also offer owners of shops in KLCC the chance to choose

stains or varnishes to change the look and color of the material. While

doors made from wood are generally the most expensive option, they

are also the least likely to become damaged, and if they are damaged,

they are easy to repair.

No other material can match the weight and feel of a quality

wood door. While flush models (smooth with no glass) are common in

commercial settings, homeowners can choose from stile and rail (panel) doors or units with

inlaid glass. The biggest problem with using wood doors on an exterior opening is exposure to

moisture and harsh weather. These doors are best used where they will be protected, such as

under an awning or porch roof.


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ELEVATORS IN KLCC

KLCC is using a high technology elevator as a

vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people orgoods between floors of a building. They are generally

powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables

and counterweight systems, or pump hydraulic fluid to

raise a cylindrical piston.

Steel

The framework of KLCC Elevator is made by steel

.In fact it is a mixture of iron with carbon.

Metal

The escalators of KLCC have many components like

landing platform, Truss and tracks .The truss is a hollow metal

structure that bridges the lower and upper landings.

It is composed of two side sections joined together with

cross braces across the bottom and just below the top. The

ends of the truss are attached to the top and bottom landing

platforms via steel or concrete supports. The truss carries all

the straight track sections connecting the upper and lower

sections.

The other main important part of escalators of KLCC is

two platforms which, as well as the gears and motors that drive the stairs. The top platform

contains the motor assembly and the main drive gear, while the bottom holds the step return

idler sprockets. These sections also anchor the ends of the escalator truss. In addition, the

platforms contain a floor plate and a comb plate.


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Floor System of KLCC

Concrete slab

KLCC ground-level floor is a solid ground floor made of concrete slab.

Concrete slab has many advantages for the KLCC .A great thing about concrete slabs is

that they are great thermal conductors. While this may not be so great in the cooler areas, this is

actually pretty useful for places that are too warm or places that have shifting temperatures

throughout the day. You see, concrete has a high thermal mass.

This does pose a disadvantage because it delays the heating of a house using an

electric heater during cold days. However, when the climates just fine and the sun is u p, the

concrete will absorb the heat of the day and release it at night when its cooler. What makes

concrete slabs so great is because they are so durable.

Concrete is made of cement mixed with water and other aggregate materials such as

gravel, sand, limestone, and other chemicals that are bonded together in such a way that

creates one of the best building materials in the world.

Ceramic

A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and

subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or

may be amorphous (e.g., a glass). Because most common ceramics are crystalline, the

definition of ceramic is often restricted to inorganic crystalline materials, as opposed to the no

crystalline glasses.


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Stone

Stone floors of KLCC are a top

choice for those who want breathtakingresults when it comes to improving the

beauty of their shopping mall.

Polished marble and granite are both

classy and tough, while other stone

materials, including sandstone, limestone

and slate, create a more natural look.

While stone is certainly a good choice, it's important that KLCC consider it carefully to besure it fits its lifestyle. While stone is tougher than ceramic tile to crack or chip, it is also more

vulnerable to water damage and other stains than other materials, and polished varieties require

daily maintenance to ensure that dirt and dust don't damage and dull the finish.

Laminate

Laminate floors are a famous flooring material of

KLCC. Nobody can deny that they are fast becoming one of

the most sought after floor materials on the market becauseof their aesthetic appeal, their incredible level of durability,

and maybe most of all because of their favorable price when

compared to other options.

Laminate floors of KLCC are made of pressed,

composite wood with a thin layer of veneer laid over the top

that can mimic almost any other surface, though different

varieties of hardwood are far and away the most popular

surfaces currently available


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Timber

Timbers are one the most important materials of KLCC convention centre in section of

flooring system. Wood flooring is any product manufactured from timber that is designed for use

as flooring, either structural or aesthetic of

KLCC..Solid hardwood floors come in a wide

range of dimensions and styles, with each

plank made of solid wood and milled from a

single piece of timber. Solid hardwood floors

were originally used for structural purposes,

being installed perpendicular to the wooden

support beams of a building


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Window

Type of Wall

32,000 window with vision glass. Both type of sunscreen have cast aluminium end caps and are fixed on brackets made

of extruded aluminium and finished with ovencured fluorocation paint.

Material

Stainless steel for the cladding

Vision glass

PropertiesStainless Steel Faade

Development of stainless steel building material combination of high strength, excellent

corrosion resistance, workability.

The supporting is laid in grid pattern


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Conclusions

Taipei vs Klcc

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