Table tennis@D

TABLE TENNIS

HISTORY OF

PING PONG

IT WAS FIRST PLLAYED IN ENGLAND IN 1800s.

IT WAS THE PART OF OLYMPICs IN 1988 SUMMER OLYMPICs.

HOW TO PLAY

Table tennis is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth using table tennis rackets. The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve, players must allow a ball played toward them only one bounce on their side of the table and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side. Points are scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules. Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options, giving the hitter a great advantage. When doing so the hitter has a good chance of scoring if the spin is successful.

RULES & STROKES 2 Equipment

2.1 Ball 2.2 Table 2.3 Racket

3 Gameplay 3.1 Starting a game 3.2 Service and return 3.3 Let 3.4 Scoring 3.5 Alternation of services and ends 3.6 Double game 3.7 Expedite system

4 Grips 4.1 Penhold 4.2 Shakehand

5 Types of strokes 5.1 Offensive strokes

5.1.1 Speed drive 5.1.2 Loop 5.1.3 Counter-drive 5.1.4 Flick 5.1.5 Smash

5.2 Defensive strokes 5.2.1 Push 5.2.2 Chop 5.2.3 Block 5.2.4 Lob

6 Effects of spin 6.1 Backspin 6.2 Topspin 6.3 Sidespin 6.4 Corkspin

EFFECTS OF SPIN

Adding spin onto the ball causes major changes in table tennis gameplay. Although nearly every stroke or serve creates some kind of spin, understanding the individual types of spin allows players to defend against and use different spins effectively.

BACK SPIN Backspin is where the bottom half of the

ball is rotating away from the player, and is imparted by striking the base of the ball with a downward movement.[46] At the professional level, backspin is usually used defensively in order to keep the ball low.

TOP SPIN

The topspin stroke has a smaller influence on the first part of the ball-curve. Like the backspin stroke, however, the axis of spin remains roughly perpendicular to the trajectory of the ball thus allowing for the Magnus effect.

SIDE SPIN

This type of spin is predominantly employed during service, wherein the contact angle of the racket can be more easily varied. Unlike the two aforementioned techniques, sidespin causes the ball to spin on an axis which is vertical, rather than horizontal. The axis of rotation is still roughly perpendicular, to the trajectory of the ball.

CORK SPIN

This type of spin is almost exclusively employed in service, but it is also used from time to time in the lob at the professional level. Unlike any of the aforementioned techniques, corkspin (sometimes referred to as "drill-spin") features a unique situation in which the axis of spin is more or less parallel to the trajectory of the ball.

TABLE

The table is 2.74 m (9 ft) long, 1.525 m (5 ft) wide, and 76 cm (30 inch) high with any continuous material so long as the table yields a uniform bounce of about 23 cm when a standard ball is dropped onto it from a height of 30 cm. The table or playing surface is uniformly dark coloured and matte, divided into two halves by a 15.25 cm (6 inch) high net. The ITTF approves only wooden tables or their derivates. Concrete tables with a steel net or a solid concrete partition are sometimes available in outside public spaces, such as parks.

RACKETS

Players are equipped with a laminated wooden racket covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the grip of the player. The official ITTF term is "racket", though "bat" is common in Britain, and "paddle" in the U.S.

BALL

The international rules specify that the game is played with a light 2.7 gram, 40 mm diameter ball . The rules say that the ball shall bounce up 24–26 cm when dropped from a height of 30.5 cm onto a standard steel block thereby having a coefficient of restitution of 0.89 to 0.92. The 40 mm ball was introduced after the 2000 Olympic Games.

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