Taacom presentation

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

VALLEY VIEW UNIVERSITY-TECHIMAN CAMPUS

RESEARCH TOPIC:ASSESSING INCOME LEVELS AND EXPENDITURE

PATTERNS OF MANGO GROWERS. “ A CASE STUDY AT EJURA SEKYE DUMASI

MUNICIPALITY”

PRESENTATION BY:

OWUSU-MANU DANIEL(211AB01000023)

OUTLINE FOR PRESENTATION

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Statement of Problem1.3 Research Objectives 1.4 Justification

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Origin and Distribution of Mango2.2 Varieties of Mango2.3 Diseases and Pests Control in

Mango

OUTLINE FOR PRESENTATION cont.

3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 The Study Area3.2 Target Group and Sample Size3.3Research Design3.4 Instruments for data collection3.5 Tested-Try-Out 3.6 Questionnaire Administration3.7 Data Analysis

4. WORK PLAN FOR PROJECT5. REFERENCES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDYMango became one of the fruit crops for the food

canneries. This resulted in the establishment of mango plantations in Ghana to increase the production of mango, Boadu (1998).

It was first introduced to Africa in the middle of 19th Century during the European penetration into Africa. Further introduction was made by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

1.0 INTRODUCTION cont

It was first introduced to Africa in the middle of 19th Century during the European penetration into Africa. Further introduction was made by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

The ripe fruit contains 84% water, 10 to 20% sugars and small amount of fruit acid, minerals, fats and protein. The fruit is also important source of vitamin B and C.

1.0 INTRODUCTION cont

The kernel inside the stone of mango is roasted and powdered, it is then cooked and used in several parts of India as human food in times of scarcity. Mango can also be fermented to vinegar, wine and brandy.

Spacing used for mango varies from 9m x 9m to 10.5 x 10.5m depending on the variety.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Establishment of mango plantation in Ejura-Sekye Dumasi Municipal has increased considerably in recent years as a result of improving climate potentials to support mango production.

Farmers in the study area are putting up buildings, their children are in school as well as improved standard of living.

The problem of the farmers in the area is that most farmers do not document or estimate the income and expenditure from their mango produce.

This study seeks to estimate the income and the expenditure of farmers in order to determine whether farmers are making profit and loss.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM cont.

Others who want to go into mango production will have a comprehensive information on mango production and this information can be utilized by farmers in the study area, investors, government and non-governmental organizations.

1.3 MAIN OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the study is to assess the income levels and expenditure patterns of mango growers in Ejura-Sekye Dumasi Municipality.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE Estimate the cost of land acquisition Estimate the cost of planting materials and

agronomic practices Estimate labour cost Demand for and market accessibility of mango

1.4 JUSTIFICATION

Like any other research the study shall finally come out with conclusions and recommendations which may serve as the basis for other future research.

Such recommendations if adopted could go a long way to boost mango production in the study area. The study would come out with sufficient and reliable information on mango production such as cost of land acquisition, cost of planting materials, cost of agronomic practices, demand for mango and accessibility of market.

Findings would help to increase export of mangoes which will generate foreign exchange.

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF MANGO Mango (Mangifera indica), from the family Anacardeacea. The

name indica suggests an Indian origin, but it is more likely that the origin lies in the Burma-Malaysian region (Samson, 1986). India is the largest single producer of mango. However the fruit is found throughout the tropics.

Raemaekers (2001) also reported that mango is one of the oldest cultivated fruit tree and originated in India or the Malaysian archipelago.

Mango was first taken to South Africa from Goa near Bombay by the Portuguese in the 17th Century, and had spread through out West Africa by the middle of the 19th Century.

The major producing countries in Africa are Kenya, Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Congo, La Coted`ivoire and Ghana (Rice etal 1987)

2.2 VARIETIES OF MANGO

There are several varieties of mangoes in India (Rao, 2000). The first West African mango is fibrous with a strong flavor but improved Indian and West Indian mangoes as well as varieties from Sri Lanka and Australia have been introduced. These varieties are large, sweeter and less fibrous than local varieties.

In Africa, the cultivars are apple, dodo, keith, palmer, harries, batawi, kene, julie, kensigton and hardden.

According to Tweneboa (2001), the United State Agency for International Development (USAID) has established a bud-wood garden at Somanya in the Eastern Region of Ghana with varieties such as alphonse, sunset, rud early gold, kent, jaffna, sunrise, keitt and springfield. However, varieties mainly produced in Ghana include; keitt, kent, jaffna and palmer.

2.3 DISEASES AND PESTS CONTROL IN MANGO

The major disease of mango is anthracnose caused by the fungus Gloesporium mangifera. It affects the plants by shedding off the flower and young fruits by spotting the ripe fruits.

According to Morton (1987), Erwina mangifera and pseudomomonas mangifera indicae are sources of bacteria black spots.

All these diseases affect the leaves, fruits and flowers. A sequential spraying with Dithane m-45, Kocide and benlate, control the disease of mango.

2.3 DISEASES AND PESTS CONTROL IN MANGO cont.

The major pest of mango include mealybug (Planococcus citril), fruit piercing moths, thrips (sclenothrips), scale insects (Appidiostus destructor) and seed weevil. These pests affect the stem, leaves, flowers and fruits. The best control is spray with dimethoate and dieldrin.

Post harvest diseases are diplodia nantalensis and Botryodiplodia theobrome. Toxicity tests show that a mixture of benomyl and quazantine or imazalil is effective for controlling post harvest diseases (Huang-Liu, 1995)

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 THE STUDY AREA Ejura-Sekye Dumasi Municipal is located in the Ashanti

region of Ghana. The district capital is Ejura which is located at about 92km from Kumasi the Ashanti Regional Capital. The District covers an area of 1,782.2km square and is about 7.3% of the total area of Ashanti Region.

The District has a population of 101,826, out of which 51.77% are males whiles 48.23% are females (2010 Population and Housing Census). The major occupation of the people is farming, and it constitutes about 70% of the human activities in the area. Food crops grown in the area are; cereals, legumes, and the common tree crops and mango and cashew.

3.2 TARGET GROUP AND SAMPLE SIZE

The research will target mango farmers in the study area.

A random sample method will be used to select ten (10) villages among the mango producing communities.

In each village, ten (10) farmers will be randomly selected given a total sample population of 100 farmers as the total sample size for the study.

3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research will be conducted on the sample population using a set of questionnaires and survey.

The data will involve;Primary data (questionnaires) and secondary

data (documented information)

3.4 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

The main instrument for data collection will be questionnaires designed to suit the study. Some of the issues in the questionnaire include cost of land acquisition, cost of planting materials, cost of agronomic practices, cost of labour, demand for mango and market accessibility.

Key informants; papaya and mango growers and exporters association of Ghana.

3.5 TESTED-TRY-OUT

The questionnaire will be pre-tested in one of the selected villages to ascertain the bottlenecks that can hinder the smooth administration of the questionnaire.

3.6 QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTRATION

To ensure independent expression of opinions and ideas on the part of the respondents, the questionnaire will be administered on individual basis and the responses will be treated confidentially.

3.7 DATA ANALYSIS

Every response will be subjected to analysis, tallies will be formed to determine the frequencies of responses. The percentage values will be calculated from the absolute values.

EXPECTED OUTCOME

At the end of the study others who want to go into mango production will have a comprehensive information on mango production and this information can be utilized by farmers in the study area, investors, government and non-governmental organizations

WORK SCHEDULE

ACTIVITY OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH

LITERATURE REVIEW

VISIT TO SELECTED

COMMUNITY

QUESTIONARE DESIGN

PRE-TESTADMINISTRATIO

N OF

QUESTIONARE

DATA ANALYSIS

REPORT WRITING

REPORTING, EDITING AND SUBMISSION

REFERENCES

Boadu D.Q.(1998) plantation crops production,Accra,Ghana ,st. mary publishers,pp 17-20

Huang,s, and liu, x.(1995 )”control of post- harvest stem and rot and mango” Tropical science: volume 354,pp231-235

Morton,J (1987) fruits of warm climate.www.mangotreeman.com/mangotree.htm.

REFERENCES CONT

Raemarkers,RH(2001).crop production in Tropical Africa,Brussels.Geokint Graphic. Pp 596-609.

Singh L.B(1960)Tropical fruits.New York: longman Inc. pp217-232

Tweneboah,C.K(2001)Modern Agriculture in the tropics.Accra,Ghana:co-wood publishers.pp278-288

END OF REPRESENTATION.THANK YOU.