SYNTHETIC FUEL FROM WASTE PLASTIC MATERIALS USING LabVIEW M.Rajeshkumar 1 , B.Sudhan 2 , R.Vignesh 3 , M.Vigneshwaran 4 , U.G. Students, Department of EEE, Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal. Guided by: Dr.S.Umamaheshwari 5 , Prof/Dept of EEE, Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal B.S.Rajan 6 , Assistant Professor Department of EEE, Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal I. ABSTRACT Plastics are constantly an immense threat and a growing peril to the environment, since it retains specific distinctive chemical properties, but still there have not been any conclusive steps taken to cease the existing landfills of plastics. Attributable to the substantial production of plastics every year, there are loads of landfills with plastic trashes. In view of the fact that plastics stem from petroleum (crude oil), it is doable to extract the synthetic fuel from plastics by befitting techniques. Numerous technologies are being developed to make use of plastics for obtaining the synthetic fuel. Various thermo chemical processes are existing to obtain fuel grade hydrocarbons from the waste plastic materials. Pyrolysis is the fitting process for the extraction of fuel grade hydrocarbons from the barren plastics. It is necessary to reuse the scarce resources wherein, it is paramount to reuse the petroleum products. The extraction of fuel from plastics amends the depleting petroleum resources and withal aids humanity to maintain the ecological balance. Keywords: LabVIEW- Workbench, Pyrolysis, Landfill, Recycling. II. INTRODUCTION Plastic is one of the most commonly used materials in daily life which can be classified in many ways based on its chemical structure, synthesis process, density, and other properties. In order to assist recycling of the waste plastic, Society of Plastic Industry (SPI) defined a resin identification code system that divides plastics into the following seven groups based on the chemical structure and applications. PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), HDPE (High Density Polyethylene), PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene), PS (Polystyrene). One of the major concerns for extensive use of the plastics is the disposal of the waste plastic. In addition, the plastics are produced from non- sustainable oil or coal, and thus it is a non- sustainable product. Pyrolysis of waste plastic is an economical method to solve waste plastic problem and to produce quality liquid fuel which can have similar properties to the commonly used petroleum fuels. The technology helps to save land resources by utilizing waste plastics to generate valuable energy. Currently, a majority of the waste plastic is land filled and it is not sustainable because waste plastic takes very long time to decay. Pyrolysis of Plastic Materials Pyrolysis is a thermal cracking reaction of the large molecular weight polymer carbon chains under an oxygen free environment and produces small molecular weight molecules. Traditional treatments for post-consumed plastics were landfills or incineration. However, landfill of the post- consumed plastics has potential problems because of limited land resource and high durability of plastics. Incomplete incineration may generate poisonous substances and causes serious health problems. Other methods like gasification and bioconversion are mainly used for organic materials. In these process, catalysts are also used to improve the quality of pyrolysis products. HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS are all hydrocarbons consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen, which are similar to hydrocarbon fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), petrol and diesel. Plastics are derived from petroleum and have calorific values in a similar range as those of LPG, petrol and diesel as given in below Table 1. Table 1: Calorific Values of Different Plastic materials Material Calorific value (MJ/kg) Polyethylene 46.3 Polypropylene 46.4 Polystyrene 41.4 Polyvinyl chloride 18.0 Coal 24.3 Liquefied petroleum gas 46.1 Petrol 44.0 Kerosene 43.4 Diesel 43.0 Light fuel oil 41.9 Heavy fuel oil 41.1
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SYNTHETIC FUEL FROM WASTE PLASTIC MATERIALS USING LabVIEW
M.Rajeshkumar1, B.Sudhan
2, R.Vignesh
3, M.Vigneshwaran
4,
U.G. Students, Department of EEE, Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal.
Guided by:
Dr.S.Umamaheshwari5, Prof/Dept of EEE, Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal
B.S.Rajan6, Assistant Professor Department of EEE, Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal
I. ABSTRACT
Plastics are constantly an immense threat and a
growing peril to the environment, since it retains
specific distinctive chemical properties, but still
there have not been any conclusive steps taken to
cease the existing landfills of plastics. Attributable
to the substantial production of plastics every year,
there are loads of landfills with plastic trashes. In
view of the fact that plastics stem from petroleum
(crude oil), it is doable to extract the synthetic fuel
from plastics by befitting techniques. Numerous
technologies are being developed to make use of
plastics for obtaining the synthetic fuel. Various
thermo chemical processes are existing to obtain
fuel grade hydrocarbons from the waste plastic
materials. Pyrolysis is the fitting process for the
extraction of fuel grade hydrocarbons from the
barren plastics. It is necessary to reuse the scarce
resources wherein, it is paramount to reuse the
petroleum products. The extraction of fuel from
plastics amends the depleting petroleum resources
and withal aids humanity to maintain the ecological
balance.
Keywords: LabVIEW- Workbench, Pyrolysis,
Landfill, Recycling.
II. INTRODUCTION
Plastic is one of the most commonly used materials
in daily life which can be classified in many ways
based on its chemical structure, synthesis process,
density, and other properties. In order to assist
recycling of the waste plastic, Society of Plastic
Industry (SPI) defined a resin identification code
system that divides plastics into the following seven
groups based on the chemical structure and
applications. PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate),
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene), PVC
(Polyvinyl Chloride), LDPE (Low Density
Polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene), PS
(Polystyrene).
One of the major concerns for extensive use of the
plastics is the disposal of the waste plastic. In
addition, the plastics are produced from non-
sustainable oil or coal, and thus it is a non-
sustainable product.
Pyrolysis of waste plastic is an economical method
to solve waste plastic problem and to produce
quality liquid fuel which can have similar properties
to the commonly used petroleum fuels.
The technology helps to save land resources by
utilizing waste plastics to generate valuable energy.
Currently, a majority of the waste plastic is land
filled and it is not sustainable because waste plastic
takes very long time to decay.
Pyrolysis of Plastic Materials
Pyrolysis is a thermal cracking reaction of
the large molecular weight polymer carbon chains
under an oxygen free environment and produces
small molecular weight molecules. Traditional
treatments for post-consumed plastics were landfills
or incineration. However, landfill of the post-
consumed plastics has potential problems because
of limited land resource and high durability of
plastics. Incomplete incineration may generate
poisonous substances and causes serious health
problems. Other methods like gasification and
bioconversion are mainly used for organic
materials. In these process, catalysts are also used to
improve the quality of pyrolysis products. HDPE,
LDPE, PP and PS are all hydrocarbons consisting
entirely of carbon and hydrogen, which are similar
to hydrocarbon fuels such as liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG), petrol and diesel. Plastics are derived
from petroleum and have calorific values in a
similar range as those of LPG, petrol and diesel as
given in below Table 1.
Table 1: Calorific Values of Different Plastic
materials
Material
Calorific value
(MJ/kg)
Polyethylene 46.3
Polypropylene 46.4
Polystyrene 41.4
Polyvinyl chloride 18.0
Coal 24.3
Liquefied petroleum gas 46.1
Petrol 44.0
Kerosene 43.4
Diesel 43.0
Light fuel oil 41.9
Heavy fuel oil 41.1
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SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - (ICRTECITA-2017) - Special issue -- March 2017