Plastic waste management

Plastic waste

Presented byEdy KurniawanArofah Laemoh

722-593 Current Issues in Applied Biology

OutlineIntroduction of

plasticsType of plasticsCategory of plasticsSource plastics waste

materialsEffect to

environmentalManagement of

plastics wasteTrend of future

plastics waste

Basic information about plasticsPlastic is one of the most

used and widespread materials globally

Plastic covers a range of synthetic or semisynthetic polymerization products

Plastic is the hydrocarbon compounds

Plastic causing environmental problems and human health

Source: Krüger, et al., 2016 1

History of plastic Plastics started to be

developed around 100 years ago with the use of natural materials (chewing gum, shellac)

The development of chemically modified natural materials (rubber, nitrocellulose, collagen)

Parks (1862) the first example is found cellulose nitrate name it “Parkesine”

Baekeland (1907) have succeeded in doing synthetic polymer (plastic) first

Source: อรสา, 2006 2

Plastic production

Figure 1: Annual world plastic productionSource: Krüger, et al., 2016 3

Plastic prduction

Figure 2: World production of plastics materialsSource: PlasticEurope,

20084

Plastic demand

Figure 3: European plastic demand Source: PlasticEurope,

20075

Plastics industry structure

Source: ประไพ, 2557 6

Type of plastic

Thermo

plastics

Polycarbonate(PC)

Polyethyle

ne(PE)

Poly vinyl chloride (PVC

)

Polypropylene(PP)

Polystyren

e(PS)

7

Type of plastic

Thermosetting plasti

cs

Epoxide

(EP)Phen

ol-formaldehyde (PF)

Polyuretha

ne(PUR

)

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTF

E)

8

Category plastic

Figure 4: A variety of plastic for different needsSource: PlasticEurope,

20089

Source plastics waste materials

Source: http://www.cleanup.org.au/rubbishreport06/sources_rubbish.html

10

Why people choose plastic ?Resistanc

e to chemicals, water and

impact

Good safety

and hygiene

properties for food packagin

g

Excellent thermal

and electrical insulatio

n propertie

s

Relatively

inexpensive

to produc

e.

Lighter weight than competing materials, reducing

fuel consumptio

n during transportati

on.

11

Impacts of plastic waste

It is an environmental catastrophe of our own making We produce over 300 million tons of plastic every year. Nearly half of this we use just once then throw it away

12

How dose plastics waste impacts

oceansPlastic bags pose a serious danger to birds and marine animals that often mistake them for food

13

Careless disposal of plastic bags chokes drains, blocks the porosity of

the soil, and causes problems for groundwater recharge

14

Plastic kill plants and animalsCattles

Plants

Birds

Corals

15

Impacts on human health

Plastic When burn in air

When plastic burned in air it releases a host of poisonous chemicals into the air, including dioxin

Dioxins are found in the environment and they accumulate in the food chain, mainly in the fatty tissue of animals. 16

Management of plastics waste

Plastic waste management

Conventional technology

17

Recycling of plasticsSelection: The

recyclers/reprocessors have to select the waste /scrap which are suitable for recycling/ reprocessing.

Segregation: The plastics waste shall be segregated as per the codes mentioned in the BiS guidelines..

Processing: After selection and segregation of the preconsumer waste (factory waste) shall be directly recycled. The post consumer waste (used plastic waste) shall be washed, shredded, agglomerated, extruded and granulated.

18

LandfillingA well-managed landfill site results in

limited immediate environmental harm beyond the impacts of collection and transport, although there are long-term risks of contamination of soils and groundwater by some additives and breakdown by products in plastics, which can become persistent organic pollutants.

19

IncinerationReduces need

landfill. there are concerns that hazardous substances may be released into the atmosphere in the process.

can be used with recovery of some of the energy content in the plastic.

The useful energy recovered can vary considerably depending on whether it is used for electricity generation, combined heat and power, or as solid refuse fuel for co-fuelling of blast furnaces or cement kilns.

20

Polymer blended bitumen road

The process of road laying using waste plastics is designed and the technique is being implemented successfully for the construction of flexible roads at various places

21

Co-processing of Plastic waste in

Cement KilnCo-processing of plastic waste as Alternative Fuel and Raw Material (AFR).

Co-processing indicate substitution of primary fuel and raw material by waste.

Waste material such as plastic waste used for co-processing are referred to as alternative fuels and raw material (AFR).

One of the advantage of recovery method used in existing facility is eliminating the need to invest on other plastic waste practices and to secure land filling.

22

Plasma pyrolysis technology (PPT)

Plasma pyrolysis or plasma gasification is a waste treatment technology that gasifies matter in an oxygen-starved environment to decompose waste material into its basic molecular structure.

23

24

Conversion of plastics waste into liquid fuel

Referenceประไพ นำาธวชั. 2557. สถานการณ์และแนวโน้มอุตสาหกรรมพลาสติกไทย. สถาบนัปิโตรเลียมแหง่ประเทศ ไทย. หน้า 43. อรสา อ่อนจนัทร.์ 2549. มหศัจรรย ์พลาสติก. Available online: http://www.vcharkarn.com/varticle/331 [23/02/2560]Krüger, S., Petrat, P., Popat, E., Garg, B. and Abraham, A.K. 2016. Plastic flows in a worldwide context. Faculty of environmental scinces, Technische universitat

dgesden. pp. 32. Plasticseurope. 2007. The Compelling Facts About Plastics. An analysis of plastics pro-duction, demand and recovery. PlasticsEurope: Belgium.Plasticseurope. 2008. The compelling facts about plastics. An analysis of plastics produc-tion, demand and recovery for 2006 in Europe. PlasticsEurope: Belgium.

Plastic prduction

Figure 1: World plastic production grows Source: PlasticEurope,

2007

Introduction Hydrogen

carbon

Long chain(polymer)

Plastics

Introduction

Petroleum

Non-rewenable

Natural resource

Coal

Cellulose

Non-rewenableNatural resourceRewenableNatural resource

Plastic

Classification of plastics

http://incycleinc.com/the-inconvenient-truth-about-seo-2/

6,9%12,1%

10,4%

17,5%

18,9%

7,1%27,1%