SYMBOLS ANDABBREVIATIONSStandardized abbreviations and symbols
for the various trades have been developed by numerous
professionalorganizations. These standard abbreviations and symbols
are generally used by architects and engineers; how-ever,
architects and engineers sometimes create their own symbols and
abbreviations to represent materials andequipment on drawings. If
symbols and abbreviations are not standard, they are usually noted
on the drawing.Some abbreviations for materials, equipment, and
titles are called acronyms. An acronym is an abbreviationformed by
using the first letter of each word. Some examples of acronyms are
CFM (cubic feet per minute),FPM (feet per minute), BTU (British
thermal unit), and GPM (gallons per minute). ASHRAE is an acronym
forthe American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Engineers.VARIATIONS IN ABBREVIATIONSSome single
letter abbreviations are used to represent several different words.
The letter R stands for radius,Rankine, road, room, and thermal
resistance. Generally speaking, the location of the single letter
abbreviation indi-cates what that particular abbreviation stands
for.Somewordshavemorethanoneabbreviation.ThewordDOWN
canbewrittenasDWN orDN.Eitherabbreviation is correct, but the
drafter should choose one and then use it throughout the drawing.
Some abbreviations (single letter or several letters) have a period
after the last letter to eliminate confusionfor the reader. It is
not necessary to place a period after an acronym. VARIATIONS IN
SYMBOLSWhen symbols are drawn by hand, templates are usually used.
Templates are commercially prepared patternsmade of sheets of
plastic with the shapes of various symbols cut out of the plastic.
To insert a symbol at theproper place on the drawing, the drafter
draws around the cut-out portion of the template. If the symbol is
acomplicated one, two or more templates may be
required.Computer-aideddesign(CAD)systemshavealibraryofsymbolsfromwhichtheexactsymbolcanbeselected
and plotted on the drawing. This library contains symbols for
various materials and pieces of equip-ment in each section of
drawings (architectural, plumbing, mechanical, and electrical
sections).In some cases, there is no standard symbol for a material
or piece of equipment. For example, there is nostandard symbol for
EARTH when shown on the plan view of a drawing. When there is no
standard symbol,the drafter notes on the drawing what the material
or equipment is.Some symbols for the same material are shown
differently on different drawings. For example, when brickis shown
on the elevation views of a building, the drafter usually shows the
brickwork as it will look whenthe wall is complete. The mortar
joints and the brick are shown in true perspective. When drawn on
the floorplan, this brick wall is shown with crosshatching
(parallel lines drawn close together at a 45-degree angle).It is
important for the reader of the drawings to keep these variations
in mind.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 129LEGEND AND
SYMBOL SCHEDULESIn most cases, the architect and engineer include a
listing of symbols used on the drawings called the Legendand Symbol
Schedule. It is usually placed on the first drawing of each section
of the set of drawings (archi-tectural, mechanical, plumbing, and
electrical). When this schedule is present, each symbol used in
that sec-tion is shown on the schedule whether it is a standard
symbol or one created by the drafter.ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED
TOGETHERAbbreviationsandsymbolsarecombinedonworkingdrawingstorelateinformationtothebuilder.Abbreviationsandsymbolsareusedjointlytodescribethesidewallsupplyregister.Thearrowindicatesthedischarge
of supply air from the register. The air quantity is shown on the
arrow with the abbreviation CFM(cubic feet per minute). A circle,
square, or other symbol is placed at the arrowhead to indicate
which registerto look for in the Register and Grille Schedule. This
kind of combination of symbols and abbreviations is oftenfound on
mechanical plans.Equipment Schedulesseveral equipment schedules are
always provided on construction jobs, includingthe following:a.
Doorscheduleshowsalldoorsusedonthejob.Thedoorscheduleshowsthedoorsize(dimensions),door
type, materials used to construct the door, hardware (hinges and
door locks), door finish, door frames,and other information needed
for ordering doors.b.
Windowschedulelikethedoorschedule,informationrequiredfororderingthewindowsincludesthesize,
type of glass, type of window, information as to the window frame,
and so forth.c. Room finish scheduleeach room in the building is
included on this schedule. Such items are listed as
thetypeofceiling,baseboard,walltreatment(paintorwallcovering),andfloorfinish(hardwood,treated,painted,
carpet, etc.). Special notations give instructions on the finishes
in each room. d. Symbol scheduleshows symbols and describes them.e.
Abbreviationsscheduleliststheabbreviationsusedinthegeneralconstructionareaalongwithanexplanation
of each abbreviation.f. Other schedulesinclude kitchen equipment,
hospital equipment, laundry equipment, and special equip-ment
installed in the building under the general construction contract.
SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 130SYMBOLSWithout the
use of symbols, architects cannot showall necessary information
regarding materials, meth-ods, and location of components.Types of
SymbolsThe types of symbols used include those used in
ele-vationviewsandthoseinsectionalviews.Elevationsymbols are easily
recognized, as they look very muchlike the actual material or
object. An elevation view isa vertical picture of an object showing
the front, side,orrearviewofanobject,room,orstructureasonewould
view it while facing it.The materials shown in an elevation view
appear dif-ferently in a sectional view. A sectional view shows
theobject as if it were sliced vertically, showing of what
theobjectwouldbecomposed.
Forexample,asectionalviewofamasonrywallwouldshowthethicknessofthe
joints and the units, how the wall ties are installed,and, many
times, the exact height of the
wall.Themasonshouldbefamiliarwithsomeofthemore common symbols for
the mechanical trades, asthey may affect the work when building in
or aroundcertain equipment. For example, it may be necessaryfor the
mason to provide for electrical switch boxes,heating units, or
built-in plumbing fixtures. Symbolsand Abbreviations Figure 3 shows
typical electricaland plumbing symbols.SCHEDULESA schedule, in a
set of plans, is a list added
separatelytotheplansthatdescribessuchitemsaswindows,doors,floors,andwallfinishes.Themasonmustbeable
to recognize and interpret schedules correctly,
orgreatexpensecouldresultfromnecessarychangesmade at the conclusion
of the job so that the job con-forms to the finished
schedule.Asmentionedbefore,windowsanddoorsaredesignated by a number
or letter on plans. The
sameletterornumberisduplicatedintheschedule,witha
briefdescriptionoftheitem.Typicaldoorandwindowschedulesmustshowtheirrelationshiptothe
floor plan.It should be remembered that schedules consist
ofbriefdescriptions;workersmustalsoconsultthedrawings and
specifications to obtain all the necessaryinformation. Schedules
help greatly in estimating thecost of a job.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 131SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS
AND ABBREVIATIONS
132SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure1.Elevationmasonrysymbols.Noticebothmaterialsusedandconstruction
details.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 133SYMBOLS
AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 2. Architectural symbols showing materials
in the sectional view.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
134SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 3. Typical electrical and
plumbing symbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
135SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 4. Schedule for a small job,
including information on windows, doors,and lintels.WORDING
NOTATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION PRINTSThe architect, engineer, and
drafter are responsible for relaying design information to the
workman or installer.Plans show where the work is to be performed
and what materials are to be used, but additional instructionsare
often needed. This information is covered by notes. To save space
and keep the plan from becoming clut-tered, notes must be written
in precise language.It is also important to locate the notation in
a logical place on the drawing. The note should be close to thearea
where it applies. Notes are written instructions that tell the
types of materials, sequence of
installation,howdifferentmembersfittogether,equipmentusage,howtooperatetheequipment,andotherpertinentinformation.
To link the note to the object it is referred to, a thin line
called a leader is extended from the beginning
ortheendofthenotationtotheplacewherethenoteapplies.Theleaderusuallystartsnearthenotationandextends
to the reference object, terminating with an arrowhead. The leader
is usually drawn straight out fromthe note and then turned at an
angle to the reference object and arrowhead. Notes should always be
located sothat the leader lines do not cross. Some architects and
engineers draw a freehand leader. In some cases, notes are too long
to place in the location where they are needed. In that case, the
drafter willinsert brief instructions such as See Note No. 1. These
long notes are then lettered on a blank space on theplan so that
the floor plan is not
cluttered.Mostnotesareletteredhorizontally,butsometimesitisadvantageoustoletterthenotevertically.Whenverticalnotesareused,theyshouldbereadablefromtheright-handsideoftheplan(SymbolsandAbbreviations
Figure 5). SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 136WHEN
NOTES ARE REQUIRED TO BE VERTICAL ON THE PLAN, THEY ARE LETTERED SO
THEY CAN BE READ FROM THE RIGHT HAND END OF THE PLAN. (THIS NOTE IS
AN EXAMPLE.)TOP BORDER OF PLANBOTTOM BORDER OF PLANSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 5. A vertical note on a plan.THIS IS AN
EXAMPLE OFA NOTE AND A LEADERTypical note with leaderMATERIALS
SYMBOLSThedrawingofanobjectshowsitsshapeandloca-tion. The outline
of the drawing may be filled in witha material symbol to show what
the object is made of,Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 9. Many
materi-alsarerepresentedbyonesymbolinelevationsandanothersymbolinsections.Examplesofsuchsym-bolsareconcreteblockandbrick.Othermaterialslookprettymuchthesamewhenviewedfromanydirection,sotheirsymbolsaredrawnthesameinsections
and elevations.When a large area is made up of one material, it
iscommontoonlydrawthesymbolinapartofthearea,SymbolsandAbbreviationsFigure10.
Somedrafters simplify this even further by using a note
toindicatewhatmaterialisusedandomittingthesymbol altogether.SECTION
2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 137ELECTRICAL ANDMECHANICAL
SYMBOLSThe electrical and mechanical systems in a
buildingincludewiring,electricaldevices,piping,pipefit-tings,plumbingfixtures,registers,andheatingandairconditioningducts.Itisnotpracticaltodrawtheseitemsastheywouldactuallyappear,sostan-dard
symbols have been devised to indicate them.The electrical system in
a house includes wiring aswell as devices such as switches,
receptacles, light fix-tures, and appliances. Wiring is indicated
by lines thatshow how devices are connected. These lines are
notshown in their actual position. They simply
indicatewhichswitchescontrolwhichlights,forexample.Outlets
(receptacles) and switches are usually
shownintheirapproximatepositions.Majorfixturesandappliances are
shown in their actual positions. A fewof the most common electrical
symbols are shown inSymbols and Abbreviations Figure
11.MechanicalsystemsplumbingandHVAC(heat-ing,ventilating,andairconditioning)arenotusually
shown in much detail on drawings for single-family homes. However,
some of the most importantfeatures may be shown. Piping is shown by
lines; dif-ferent types of lines represent different kinds of
pip-ing. Symbols for pipe fittings are the same basic
shapeasthefittingstheyrepresent.Ashortline,orhashmark,representsthejointbetweenthepipeandthefitting.Plumbingfixturesaredrawnprettymuchastheactualfixtureappears.Afewplumbingsymbolsare
shown in Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 12.REFERENCE MARKSA set
of drawings for a complex building may
includeseveralsheetsofsectionanddetaildrawings.Thesesections and
details do not have much meaning
with-outsomewayofknowingwhatpartofthebuildingtheyaremeanttoshow.Callouts,called
referencemarks, on plans and elevations indicate where detailsor
sections of important features have been drawn. Tobe able to use
these reference marks for
coordinatingdrawings,youmustfirstunderstandthenumberingsystem used
on the drawings. The simplest numberingsystem for drawings consists
of numbering the draw-ing sheets and naming each of the views. For
example,Sheet 1 might include a site plan and foundation plan;Sheet
2, floor plans; and Sheet 3, elevations.On large, complex sets of
drawings the sheets arenumbered according to the kind of drawings
shown.Architectural drawing sheets are numbered A-1,
A-2,andsoonforallthesheets.Electricaldrawingsarenumbered E-1, E-2,
and E-3. A view number identi-fies each separate drawing or view on
the sheet. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 6. Types ofdoors and
their plan symbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
138SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 7. Window symbols.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 139PLYWOODEARTH ROCK
STONEFILLREINFORCINGBARSSTRUCTURALCONCRETELT.
WEIGHTCONCRETEBLOCKEARTH ETC.STEEL, IRON ALUMINUM
STRUCTURALSTEELFINISH ROUGH STUD WALL &PARTITIONMETALSTONECUT
STONE RUBBLE CAST STONE(CONCRETE)SLATE,BLUESTONESOAPSTONECOMMON
FACE FIRE BRICKON COMMONGYPSUM INSULATIONPLASTER ONMASONRYBLOCK
METAL STUD& PLASTERPARTITIONPLASTER BOARD&
PLASTERPARTITIONLOOSE FILLOR BATTSBOARDSOR QUILTSSHEET
&PLATEGLASSRUBBLESTONESQUAREDSTONERUNNING BONDMASONRYSTACK
BONDMASONRYSHEETMETALGLASS CONCRETEPLASTERSHINGLES BRICK
CERAMICPLAN AND SECTION SYMBOLSCONCRETEELEVATION SYMBOLSSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 8. Windows and doors can be measured in
several ways.SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 9. Material
symbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 140SYMBOLS
AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 10. Only part of the area is covered by
the brick symbol, although theentire building will be brick.SYMBOLS
AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 11. Some common electrical symbols.SECTION
2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 141SYMBOLS AND ABBRVIATIONS
Figure 12. Some common plumbing symbols.Electric
symbolsareusedtosimplifythedrafting and later the interpreting of
the draw-ings.Electricalsymbols
arenotstandardizedthroughouttheindustry.Mostdrawingswillhaveasymbollegendorlist.Youmustbeknowledgeable
of the symbols specifically
usedoneachproject,sincedesignersmodifybasicsymbols to suit their
own needs. Many symbolsare similar (circle, square, etc.). The
addition ofaline,dot,shading,letters,numbers,andsoforth gives the
specific meaning to the symbol.Learning the basic form of the
various symbolsis the best starting point in developing the
abil-itytointerpretthedrawingsandtheirrelatedsymbol meanings.
Symbols and AbbreviationsFigure14 liststhemostcommonandrecom-mended
electrical symbols.TheSchoolAdditiondrawingE-1,SymbolLegend A-4
contains an electrical symbol list forthe project. From the symbol
list, it can be seenthat there are duplex receptacles, switches,
tele-phone outlets, special purpose outlets, and firealarm devices
mounted at various heights. Thenthere is the General Note in the
Symbol Legendthat specifies that all mounting heights are to
beverifiedandmodifiedasdirected.Thisisanexampleofwhytheinstallermustbecomefamiliar
with the drawings and specifications
farinadvanceoftheinstallationscheduledtime.The installer must
request clarification or
direc-tionandgivethedesignersreasonabletimetoclarify the
questionable specified instructions.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS 142CIRCUITINGSYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure13.
Circuitingsymbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
143Electrical Reference SymbolsELECTRICAL ABBREVIATIONS(Apply only
when adjacent to anelectrical symbol.)Central Switch Panel
CSPDimmer Control Panel DCPDust Tight DTEmergency Switch Panel
ESPEmpty MTExplosion Proof EPGrounded GNight Light NLPull Chain
PCRain Tight RTRecessed RTransfer XFERTransformer XFRMRVapor Tight
VTWater Tight WTWeather Proof WPELECTRICAL SYMBOLSSwitch
OutletsSingle-Pole Switch SDouble-Pole Switch S2Three-Way Switch
S3Four-Way Switch S4Key-Operated Switch SKSwitch and Fusestat
Holder SFHSwitch and Pilot Lamp SPFan Switch SFSwitch for
Low-VoltageSwitching System SLMaster Switch for
Low-VoltageSwitching System SLMSwitch and Single Receptacle SSwitch
and Duplex Receptacle SDoor Switch SDTime Switch STMomentary
Contact Switch SMCCeiling Pull Switch SHand-Off-Auto Control Switch
HOAMulti-Speed Control Switch MPush Button Receptacle
OutletsWhereweatherproof,explosionproof,orotherspecifictypesofdevicesaretoberequired,
use the upper-case subscript
letters.Forexample,weatherproofsingleorduplexreceptacleswouldhavetheuppercaseWPsubscript
letters noted alongside of the symbol.All outlets should be
grounded.Single Receptacle OutletDuplex Receptacle OutletTriplex
Receptacle OutletQuadruplex Receptacle OutletSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14. Recommended electrical symbols.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 144Duplex Receptacle
Outlet(Split Wired)Triplex Receptacle Outlet(Split Wired)250-V
Receptacle Single Phase.Use Subscript Letter to IndicateFunction
(DWDishwasher,RARange, CDClothes Dryer) orNumeral (with explanation
insymbol schedule).250-V Receptacle Three PhaseClock Receptacle
CFan Receptacle FFloor Single Receptacle OutletFloor Duplex
Receptacle OutletFloor Special-Purpose OutletFloor Telephone Outlet
(Public)Floor Telephone Outlet (Private)Example of the use of
several floor outlet symbolsto identify a 2, 3, or more gang flow
outlet.Underfloor duct and junction boxfor triple, double, or
singleduct system as indicated bythe number of parallel
lines.Exampleofuseofvarioussymbolstoidentifylocation of different
types of outlets or connec-tions for underfloor duct or cellular
floor systems.Cellular FloorHeader Duct*Use numeral keyed to
explanation in drawing list ofsymbols to indicate
usage.CircuitingWiring Exposed (Not in Conduit)EWiring Concealed in
Ceilingor WallWiring Concealed in FloorWiring Existing*Wiring
Turned UpWiring Turned DownBranch Circuit Home Runto Panel
BoardNumber of arrows indicates number of circuits.(A number of
each arrow may be used toidentify circuit number.)Bus Ducts and
WirewaysTrolley DuctBusway (Service, Feeder, orPlug-in)Cable Trough
Ladder orChannelsWirewayPanelboards, Switchboards,and Related
EquipmentFlush-Mounted Panelboardand CabinetSurface-Mounted
Panelboardand CabinetSwitchboard, Power ControlCanter, Unit
Substations(Should be drawn to scale.)Flush-Mounted Terminal
Cabinet(In small scale drawings theTC may be indicated alongsidethe
symbol.)Surface-Mounted Terminal Cabinet(In small scale drawings
theTC may be indicated alongsidethe symbol.)J2 1*T TB BC CW
WTCTCSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14 (continued). Recommended
electrical symbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
145Pull Box (Identify in Relation toWiring System Section and
Size.)Motor or Other Power Controller(May Be a Starter or
Contactor.)Externally-Operated DisconnectionSwitchCombination
Controller andDisconnection MeansPower EquipmentElectric Motor (hp
As Indicated) 1/4Power TransformerPothead (Cable
Termination)Circuit ElementCB(e.g., Circuit Breaker)Circuit
BreakerFusible ElementSingle-Throw Knife SwitchDouble-Throw Knife
SwitchGroundBatteryContactor CPhotoeletric Cell PEVoltage Cycles,
Phase Ex: 480/60/3Relay REquipment Connection (As Noted) *Note: Use
heavy weight line to identify service and leaders.Indicate empty
conduit by notation CO (conduit only). Note: any circuit without
further identification indicates two-wirecircuit for a greater
number of wires, indicate with cross lines, e.g.:Neutral wire may
be shown longer. Unless indicated otherwise, thewire size of the
circuit is the minimum size required by thespecification. Identify
different functions of wiring system, e.g.signaling system by
notation or other means. Identify by notation or schedule.Remote
Control Stations for Motorsor Other EquipmentPush Button Station
PBFloat Switch (Mechanical) FLimit Switch (Mechanical) LPneumatic
Switch (Mechanical) PElectric Eye (Beam Source)Electric Eye
(Relay)Temperature Control Relay R3Connection (3 Denotes
Quantity.)Solenoid Control Valve Connection SPressure Switch
Connection PAquastat Connection AVacuum Switch Connection VGas
Solenoid Valve Connection GFlow Switch Connection FTimer Connection
TLimit Switch Connection LLightingCeiling WallSurface or Pendant
TYPE SWITCHIncandescent Fixture(PC = Pull Chain)Surface or Pendant
Exit LightBlanked Outlet B BJunction Box J J3 wires 4
wiresWATTSPCCIRCUITSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14 (continued).
Recommended electrical symbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS 146Recessed Incandescent FixturesSurface or Pendant
IndividualFluorescent FixtureSurface or Pendant Continuous-Row
Fluorescent Fixture(Letter Indicating Controlling Switch)Bare-Lamp
Fluorescent Strip**In the case of continuous-row bare-lamp
flourescent stripabove an area-wide diffusing means, show each
fixture runusing the standard symbol; indicate area of diffusing
meansandtypebylightshadingand/orbylightshadingand/ordrawing
notation.Electric Distribution or LightingSystem, AerialPoleSteel
or Parking Lot Lightand BracketTransformerPrimary CircuitSecondary
CircuitDown GuyHead GuySidewalk GuyService Weather HeadElectric
Distribution orLighting System, UndergroundManhole MHandhole
HTransformer Manhole TMor VaultTransformer PadTPUnderground Direct,
Burial Cable(Indicate type, size, and numberof conductors by
notationor schedule.)Underground Duct Line(Indicate type, size,
andnumber of ducts by cross-section identification of eachrun by
notation or schedule.Indicate type, size, and numberof conductors
by notation orschedule.)Street Light Standard Feed FromUnderground
Circuit Identify by notation or schedule.Signaling System
OutletsInstitutional, Commercial, andIndustrial OccupanciesI. Nurse
Call System Devices(Any Type)Basic Symbol(Examples of individual
item identi-cation. Not a part of standard.)Nurses Annunciator
1(Adding a number after itindicates number of lamps,e.g., + 1
24.)Call Station, Single Cord, 2Pilot LightCall Station, Double
Cord, 3Microphone SpeakerCorridor Dome Light, 1 Lamp 4Transformer
5Any Other Item on Same System(Use Numbers as Required.) 6II.Paging
System Devices(Any Type)Basic SymbolAFixture No.Wattage1100SYMBOLS
AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14 (continued). Recommended electrical
symbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 147Basic
Symbol(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)Master Clock 112" Secondary (Flush) 212" Double Dial
(Wall Mounted) 318" Skeleton Dial 4Any Other Item on Same
System(Use Numbers as Required.) 5VI. Public Telephone System
DevicesBasic Symbol(Examples of individual item identi-fication.
Not a part of standard.)SwitchboardDesk PhoneAny Other Item on Same
System(Use Numbers as Required.)VII. Private Telephone System
Devices(Any Type)Basic Symbol(Examples of individual item
identi-fication. Not a part of standard.)SwitchboardWall PhoneAny
Other Item on Same System(Use Numbers as Required.)VIII. System
Devices(Any Type)Basic Symbol(Examples of individual item
identi-fication. Not a part of standard.)123123(Examples of
individual item identi-fication. Not a part of standard.)Keyboard
1Flush Annunciator 2Two-Face Annunciator 3Any Other Item on Same
System 4(Use Numbers as Required.)III. Fire Alarm System
Devices(Any Type) Including Smoke andSprinkler Alarm DevicesBasic
Symbol(Examples of individual item identi-fication. Not a part of
standard.)Control Panel 1Station 210" Gong 3Presignal Chime 4Any
Other Item on Same System 5(Use Numbers as Required.)IV. Staff
Register System Devices(Any Type)Basic Symbol(Examples of
individual item identi-cation. Not a part of standard.)Phone
Operators Register 1Entrance Register (Flush) 2Staff Room Register
3Transformer 4Any Other Item on Same System(Use Number as
Required.) 5V. Electric Clock System Devices(Any Type)SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 14 (concluded). Recommended electrical
symbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 148SYMBOLS
AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 15. Common plumbing symbols.CHECK VALVE
(ARROW INDICATES FLOW DIRECTION)GATE VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS
OPTIONAL)GLOBE VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL)BALL VALVE
(HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL)TEE UP (PLAN VIEW)TEE DOWN (PLAN
VIEW)90 DEGREE FITTING UP (PLAN VIEW)90 DEGREE FITTING DOWN (PLAN
VIEW)45 DEGREE OFFSET (PLAN VIEW)P-TRAP (PLAN VIEW)ALL PIPING
RELATED SYMBOLS ARE GENERIC AND DO NOT REPRESENT A CONNECTION
ORMATERIAL TYPE. MANY PLAN VIEWS ARE ALSO USED ON SECTION AND SIDE
VIEW DRAWINGSSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 149COLD
WATER (SINGLE DOT)HOT WATER (DOUBLE DOT)HOT WATER RETURN (TRIPLE
DOT)VENT (CONTINUOUS DOTTED LINE)TANK TYPE TOILET (WATER
CLOSET)BATHTUBLAVATORYKITCHEN SINKSHOWERURINALHOSE
FAUCETCAPREDUCERSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 16. Common
plumbing symbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
150MJWPRSS3CONDUCTOR OR WIRECROSSING CONDUCTORS (NOT
CONNECTED)CROSSING CONDUCTORS (CONNECTED)TERMINAL OR BINDING
POSTSINGLE POLE SINGLE THROW (SPST) SWITCHMOTORGROUNDCIRCUIT
BREAKERCEILING OUTLETCEILING OUTLET, RECESSED FIXTUREJUNCTION
BOXDUPLEX RECEPTACLEWEATHERPROOF RECEPTACLERANGE RECEPTACLEFLOOR
RECEPTACLESINGLE POLE SWITCHTHREE-WAY SWITCHSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 17. Common electrical symbols.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 151orS+-LTPCOMBINATION SWITCH
AND RECEPTACLEDISTRIBUTION PANELSERVICE PANELSWITCH, DOUBLE THROW
(GENERAL)FUSEPOSITIVENEGATIVELAMP2 POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH
(TERMINALS SHOWN)SINGLE RECEPTACLEFAN (MOTOR)HOMERUNEXIT SIGNPULL
CHAINTHERMOSTATSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 18. Common
electrical symbols.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
15220WPEFSUPPLY AIR DIFFUSERRETURN AIR DIFFUSERFLEXIBLE DUCT90
ELBOW WITH TURNING VALVESSQUARE TO ROUND TRANSISTIONEXHAUST
FANPNEUMATIC THERMOSTATELECTRICAL THERMOSTATHUMIDISTAT4' 2' (1.22 M
60.96 CM) TROFFER DIFFUSERSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 20.
Common HVAC symbols.SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 19. Common
electrical symbols.SYMBOLS FOR RECEPTACLES HAVING AN ATTACHED
ABBREVIATIONINDICATE DESIGNATION OF RECEPTACLEWP = WEATHERPROOF GF
= GROUND FAULT REF = REFRIGERATORW = WASHING MACHINE R = RANGE D =
DRYERAMPERAGE RATING MAY ALSO BE ATTACHED TO RECEPTACLE
SYMBOLS.EXAMPLE: 20 = 20 AMPS AND WP = WEATHERPROOFTHIS SYMBOL
INDICATES A 20 AMP WEATHERPROOF DUPLEX RECEPTACLESECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 153BDDDMANUAL BALANCING
DAMPERSUPPLY BRANCH TAKE OFF WITH MANUAL BALANCING DAMPERDUCT
MOUNTED SMOKE DAMPERBOTTOM FLAT TRANSITIONTOP FLAT
TRANSITIONTWO-DIRECTIONAL SUPPLY DIFFUSERFOUR-DIRECTIONAL SUPPLY
DIFFUSERSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 21. Common HVAC
symbols.WELDING SYMBOLA standard welding symbol and weld symbols
have been developed by the American Welding Society. The
sym-bolsdevelopedbytheAmericanweldingSocietyarecoveredindetailintheunitsthatfollow.Thestandardwelding
symbol Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 22 consists of reference
line, an arrow, and a tail. EachSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS 154component has a particular function. The
ref-erence line is used to apply weld symbols
andotherdata,andthearrowconnectstherefer-ence line to the joint or
area to be welded. Thetail is added only when needed for the
purposeofincludingaspecificationprocessorotherreference.Thephraseweldingsymbol
referstothetotalsymbolincludingallinformationaddedtoittospecifytheweld(s)required.Weldsymbol
on the other hand, refers to the
sym-bolforaspecifictypeofweld.Theweldsymbolisonlypartofthetotalinformationthat
may be contained in the welding
symbol.Thearrowoftheweldingsymbolmaybeshownwithorwithoutabreak.Whenshownwithabreak,thebreakismadetowardthememberofthejointthatistobepreparedorshaped,
Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 23.Note that if there is no
preference as to whichjoint member is to be prepared, or it is
obviouswhichmemberistobeprepared,thearrowneed not be shown with a
break. The arrow isalways drawn at an angle to the reference
line.It is never drawn parallel (horizontal) to or inthe same plane
as the reference line.Multiple arrows may be added to the
refer-encelinetoshowthesameweldrequiredinseveraldifferentlocations,asinthecaseofagroupofspotorfilletwelds,SymbolsandAbbreviations
Figure 23.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure22. Standardwelding
symbol.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure23.Variationsinthe application
of the arrow.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure24. Arrowside,other side
locations.The reference line of the welding symbol also has a
particular significance that remains the same regardlessof the
elements added to it, and it is always drawn horizontal to the
bottom of the print. The lower side of thereference line is termed
the arrow side and the upper side is termed the other side, Symbols
and AbbreviationsFigure 24. It should be noted that the terms,
arrow side and other side apply to the location of the weldwith
respect to the joint. The direction of the arrow has no bearing on
the significance of the reference line(refer to Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 25(a)). The arrow simply indicates a point to
which the signifi-cance of the reference line and its elements are
applied.Multiplereferencelinesmayalsobeusedwithinthebasicweldingsymbol,SymbolsandAbbreviationsFigure
25(b). Additional information on multiple reference lines is
presented later in this unit.LOCATION OF WELD SYMBOLWhen a weld
symbol is placed on the reference line on the lower side of the
line, the weld must be made onthe arrow side of the joint.SECTION
2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 155(b)ARROW LINE AND
REFERENCELINE DRAWN INCORRECTLYARROW LINE AND REFERENCELINE DRAWN
INCORRECTLY(a)SymbolsandAbbreviationsFigure26(a)illustrates the
application of a welding symbol.The element shown on he reference
line is theweld symbol for filletor. The symbol islocated within
the length or the reference line.In this case, the weld is to be
made on the arrowside of the joint. The significance of the
symbolisillustratedinSymbolsandAbbreviationsFigure26(b).
Notethattheverticallegofthefillet weld symbol is always shown drawn
to theleft of the slanted side of the
symbol.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure26. Filletweld,arrow
side.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure27.Filletweld, other
side.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure29. Filletweld, other
side.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure30. Filletweld, both
sides.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure28. Filletweld, arrow
side.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure25.Applicationofmultiplereferencelinestothestandard
welding symbol.If the fillet weld symbol is placed on the other
side of reference line, the welding symbol is made as shown
inSymbols and Abbreviations Figure 27(a). Its significance is shown
in Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 27(b).To summarize, Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 28(a) and Symbols and Abbreviations Figure
29(a) illus-trate the alternate positions of the weld symbol on the
reference line. The significance of the welding symbol ineach case
is illustrated by Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 28(b) and
Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 29(b).When weld symbols are placed
on both sides of the reference line, the welds must be made on both
sides ofthe joint Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 30 and Symbols
and Abbreviations Figure 31.ADDITIONAL WELDING SYMBOL ELEMENTSA
knowledge of the other elements added to the welding symbol and
their placement is required before weld-ing symbols on prints can
be interpreted properly.Each element applied to the basic welding
symbol has a standard location with reference to the componentsof
the welding symbol and to the other elements that are added to it.
Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 32illustrates the different
elements that may be added to the welding symbols and where they
are located withrespect to the arrow tail and reference
lines.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 156SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 31. Two-joint fillet weld (both sides of
joints).FINISH SYMBOLCONTOUR SYMBOLGROOVE WELD SIZEDEPTH OF BEVEL;
SIZEOR STRENGTH FORCERTAIN WELDSSPECIFICATION,PROCESS, OROTHER
REFERENCETAIL (MAY BE OMITTEDWHEN REFERENCEIS NOT USED)WELD
SYMBOLGROOVE ANGLE; INCLUDED ANGLEOF COUNTERSINK FOR PLUG WELDSROOT
OPENING; DEPTH OF FILLINGFOR PLUG AND SLOT WELDSLENGTH OF WELDPITCH
(CENTER-TO-CENTERSPACING) OF WELDSFIELD
WELDSYMBOLWELD-ALL-AROUNDSYMBOLSIDESBOTHARROWSIDEOTHERSIDEREFERENCELINENUMBER
OF SPOT, SEAM,STUD, PLUG, SLOT,OR PROJECTION WELDSELEMENTS IN THIS
AREAREMAIN AS SHOWN WHEN TAIL AND ARROW ARE REVERSEDWELD SYMBOLS
SHALL BE CONTAINED WITHINTHE LENGTH OF THE REFERENCE
LINEARROWCONNECTINGREFERENCE LINETO ARROW SIDEMEMBER OFJOINT OR
ARROWSIDE OF JOINTFARS(E)TL-P(N)SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure
32. The welding symbol, its elements, and their
locations.ThespecificelementstobeappliedtotheweldingsymboltodenotethetypesofweldsareillustratedinSymbols
and Abbreviations Figure
33.Astandardsetofsupplementarysymbolsmayalsobeaddedtothebasicweldingsymbols,SymbolsandAbbreviations
Figure 34.Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 35 shows the kinds of
basic weld symbols applied to a welding symboland their location
with respect to the reference line of the basic welding symbol.
Note that all symbols do nothave an arrow side, other side, or both
sides application. Also note that an arrow with a break is
generally nec-essary with bevel and J-groove symbols. In cases
where it is obvious which joint member is to be prepared, anarrow
with a break is not required.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS 157SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 33. Basic weld
symbols.RSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 34. Supplementary
symbols.SECTION 2/SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS158SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 35. Basic weld symbols and their location
significance on the reference line.OBSOLETE WELD SYMBOLSWeld
symbols are periodically revised to simplify the shape of the
symbol, to consolidate several symbols
intoone,ortocreateasymboltospecifyanewlydeveloped welding
technique.TheweldsymbolsillustratedinSymbolsandAbbreviationsFigure36
arecalledobso-letesymbolsbecausetheyhavebeenreplacedbynewsymbols.Thesesymbolsarenotusedoncurrentprints;however,theyareincludedfor
reference in older prints.PREFERREDSYMBOLSField Weld,
Weld-All-Around SymbolsWelds extending continuously around the
jointareindicatedbyplacingtheweld-all-aroundsymbolat the break of
the reference arrowline, Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 37.Welds
not made in the shop are identified
asfieldweldsandareindicatedbyplacingthefieldweldsymboloratthebreakinthe
referencearrowline.Notethattheflagofthefieldweldsymbolmaypointineitherdirection
with respect to the arrow of the
weld-ingsymbol,SymbolsandAbbreviationsFigure38.
Afieldweldsymbolandtheweld-all-aroundsymbolmaybeusedtogether,Symbols
and Abbreviations Figure 38.CONTOUR AND FINISH SYMBOLSSupplementary
contour symbols are used with the weld symbols to indicate how the
face of the weld is to befinished, Symbols and Abbreviations Figure
39. In addition finish symbols may be used with contour
symbolstoindicatethemethodtobeusedforformingthecontouroftheweld.Letterdesignationsareusedforthispurpose:
C for chipping, G for grinding, M for machining, R for rolling, H
for hammering, and Ufor unspecified. Applying the letter U to a
contour symbol signifies any method of finish may be used. A
stan-dard finish markormay be applied to thecontour symbol with a
numerical degree of fin-ish shown above the finish mark, Symbols
andAbbreviations Figure 40.Notethatcontourandfinishsymbolsareplaced
on the same side of the reference line as the weld symbol. They are
located directlyabove the weld symbol when the weld symbolis on the
other side of the reference line,
anddirectlybelowtheweldsymbolwhenitislocatedonthearrowsideofthereferenceline.SECTION
2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 159SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Figure 36. Obsolete weldsymbols.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure37.
Applicationofweld-all-around symbol.SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Figure 38. Weld-all-aroundand field weld symbol.SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 39. Contour
symbols.ThefinishsymbolscommonlyusedareshowninSymbols and
Abbreviations Figure 40 and Symbolsand Abbreviations Figure 41.
However, manufactur-SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
160SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure40.
Finishsymbols.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure41.Application of finish
symbols.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure42.Specifying more than one
weld.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure43.Designation of weld on
chamfered or beveled members.ers may use their own designations for
finishing. Although the degree of finish is not included in the AWS
stan-dards, many manufacturers do indicate a desired finish,
particularly in the case of flush welds. An example
ofsuchaspecificationisthe250-microinchfinishrequirementshowninSymbolsandAbbreviationsFigure
40. The method of obtaining this finish mayor may not be
indicated.MULTIPLE WELD
SYMBOLSWhenmorethanoneweldisrequiredforajoint,a
symbolsisshownforeachweld,SymbolsandAbbreviations Figure
42.DESIGNATION OFMEMBER TO
BEBEVELEDCertainweldsrequirethatoneofthemembersofthejoint be
beveled before the weld in actually made. To beprecise,abevel
describesanedgepreparationwithasharp or feather edge ( ), or with a
root face orland ( ), Machinists make a clear distinctionbetween
bevel and chamfer, but weld fabricators oftensimply apply the term
bevel to both. When a bevel orJ-groove weld symbol (either single
or double) is
used,thearrowwillpointwithadefinitebreaktowardthemember to be
shaped. In Symbols and AbbreviationsFigure 43(a) and (c), the break
in the arrow indicatesthat the upper member of the joint is to be
beveled. InSymbolsandAbbreviationsFigure 43(b), theright-hand
member of the joint is to be prenared.DIMENSIONS ONWELDING
SYMBOLSThere are definite locations on the welding symbol for
designations of size or strength of the weld, length of theweld,
pitch (center-to-center-spacing), and the number of welds (in the
case of plug, slot, spot, or projectionwelds). These locations are
determined by the side of the reference line on which the weld
symbol is placed,Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 44(a) and (b).
The location for the number of spot or projection welds maybe
either above or below the symbol since there may be no arrow side
or other side significance for these symbols.Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 45 shows how dimensions are applied to
symbols. A detailed explana-tion of their application is presented
in later units which refer to specific welds.DESIGNATION OF SEPCIAL
INFORMATIONCertain operations require a specific welding process, a
particular type of electrode, or other information nec-essary to
complete the weld. In this case, a note can be placed in the tail
of the reference line (using standardwelding abbreviations),
Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 46.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS 161(b) LOCATION OF DIMENSIONSWHEN WELD SYMBOL IS
ONARROW SIDE OF REFERENCE LINES(E) L-PRA(N)GROOVE ANGLE; INCLUDED
ANGLE OF COUTERSINK FOR PLUG WELDSROOT OPENING OR DEPTH OF FILLING
FOR PLUG AND SLOT WELDSDEPTH OF PREPARATION SIZE OR STRENGTH FOR
CERTAIN WELDS(a) LOCATION OF DIMENSION WHEN WELD SYMBOL IS ON OTHER
SIDE OF REFERENCE LINEGROOVE WELD SIZEARLENGTH OF WELDPITCH
(CENTER-TO-CENTER SPACING) OF WELDS NUMBER OF SPOT, SEAMSTUD, PLUG,
OR PROJECTIONWELDSREFERENCE LINES(E) (BOTH
SIDES)ARROWSIDEOTHERSIDE(N)L-PSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 44.
Location of dimensions.SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 45. Size
dimensions applied to weld
symbols.Notethatthetermbackgougeindicatesremoval of weld metal and
base metal from theothersideofapartiallyweldedjoint.Thisensures
complete joint penetration when weld-ing the gouged side of the
joint.There are circumstances when weld symbolsare not added to the
reference line of a weldingsymbol. This may occur when the drawing
per-mits optional joint preparation with only com-plete penetration
specified. This is so
indicatedbyplacingthelettersCJPinthetailofthearrow and omitting the
weld symbol, Symbolsand Abbreviations Figure 46B. A note is addedto
the print that signifies this option.It should be noted that when
the letters
CJParefoundinthetailofthearrow,acompletejointpenetrationweldisrequiredregardlessofthe
type of weld or joint preparation that is used.The welding symbol
may not always be
ade-quatetodenotetheweldrequired,suchasforskewedjoints(jointsthatdeviatefromastraight
line). When this is the case, a cross sec-tion or detail drawing of
the joint and shape oftheweldisshownontheprint.Data,intheform of
notes, may be added to the drawing
tofurtherclarifythejointorweldrequired.Reference is made to the
detail or section draw-ingbyanoteornotesaddedtothereferenceline of
the welding symbol with an arrow side,other side, or both sides
significance, Symbolsand Abbreviations Figure 46B and Symbols
andAbbreviationsFigure46C.Insuchcases,aweld-symbol is not shown on
the reference line.A weld symbol may be omitted form the ref-erence
line if the type of joint preparation is
notspecified.Theweldsizeisindicatedonthedesiredside(s)ofthereferenceline,Symbolsand
Abbreviations Figure 46D.LOCATION OFTHE WELDINGSYMBOL
ONORTHOGRAPHICVIEWSThe welding symbol can be placed on any of
theorthographicviews,butisgenerallyshownonthe view that best
illustrates the joint. The loca-tion of the welding symbol on each
view is illus-SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
162SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure46A. Specifyingadditional
information in the tail of the welding
symbol.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure46B.
SpecifyingCompleteJointPenetration(CJP)inthetailoftheweldingsymbol.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure46C.
Applicationof information to reference line of welding
symbol.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure46D. Sizeofgroove weld applied
to welding symbol without reference to aweld
symbol.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure47. Symbolmaybe placed in any
view in the orthographic projection.trated in Symbols and
Abbreviations Figure 47. However, when the symbol is shown on one
view, it is not nec-essary to include it on any of the other views.
In Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 47, note that the front
viewgives the best indication of the joint; therefore, the symbol
should be added to this view.DUPLICATE
WELDSTosavedraftingtimeandtoreducedraftingcosts, it
iscommonpracticetodesignatesimilarwelds
byadditional(multiple)arrows,SymbolsandAbbreviationsFigure 48(a),
orbyanindicationplacedinthetailor thesymbol,SymbolsandAbbreviations
Figure 48(b). It should be noted, how-ever, that any indication
such as 4 places must referto obvious welds. If there is any doubt
where these
4placesareontheprint,separatesymbolsforeachweldshouldbeapplied,NotethattheabbreviationTYP
for typical may be used to indicate a
repetitionofidenticalweldsandisshowninthetailofthewelding
symbol.MULTIPLE REFERENCE LINESAND THEIR APPLICATIONSAdditional
reference lines may be applied to the basicwelding symbol to show:
(1) a sequence of
weldingoperationswherethefirstoperationmustbecom-pleted before the
next can be performed and (2)
sup-plementarydataapplicabletotheweldsymbolshown on the first
reference line. Note that the firstreference line is the one
located closest to the arrow,Symbols and Abbreviations Figure 48(a,
b, and c).Whenmultiplereferencelinesareappliedtothebasic welding
symbol, the weld-all-around and fieldweld symbols may be added to
one or all of the
ref-erencelines.Tailsmaybeaddedsimilarly,Symbolsand Abbreviations
Figure 49.SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
163SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure48A.Sequence of operations
signified by multiple
referencelines.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure48B.Applicationofweldsymbolstomultiplereference
lines.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure48C.Application of supplementary
data to second referenceline.SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 48.
Duplicatewelds.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure49.Application of field
weld symbol and tails to multiple ref-erence line.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 164WELD SYMBOL DIMENSION
TOLERANCEA tolerance applicable to a weld may be shown as a
dimension within the tail of the welding symbol, Symbolsand
Abbreviations Figure 50AD.SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Figure 50A.
Finishabbreviations, also called finish symbols.SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 50B. LetterA used for
identification.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONSFigure50C.
Suffixesindicatingmethodofapplyingwelding process.SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 50D. Applicationof weld symbol dimension
tolerance.Note: AW ARC welding processMA Method used to do
weldingSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 165SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS Figure 51. Electrical symbols.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 166SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Figure 51 (continued). Electrical symbols.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 167SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Figure 51 (continued). Electrical symbols.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 168SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Figure 51 (continued). Electrical symbols.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 169SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Figure 51 (concluded). Electrical symbols.SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 170Material Symbols in
SectionsSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 171Plumbing
SymbolsSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 172Electrical
SymbolsSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
173EARTHBRICKCONCRETECONCRETE BLOCK WOODSTUDSTUDSIDING STUDORGLASS
ORGLASS BLOCKINSULATION ORElevation Plan SectionARCHITECTURAL
SYMBOLSNOTE: The following are architectural symbols that are
frequently used on construction drawings.Note that thearchitectural
symbols for the same material are often different in the elevation
view, plan view, and section view. Building MaterialsSECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 174Elevation Plan SectionFACE
BRICKON RUBBLE FACE BRICKRUBBLEFACE BRICK ON CONCRETE BLOCKS FACE
BRICKCONCRETE BLOCKFACE BRICK ON STUD WALL FACE BRICKSHEET ROCKSTUD
SPACEPLASTER ON MASONRYMASONRYPLASTERMETAL STUD WALL STUDWALL
FINISHSTUD PARTITION WALLWOOD STUDExterior WallsSECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 175NORTH ARROWNGRADE POINTFIRE
HYDRANTMANHOLE MHTREEWALKPROPERTY LINEFUEL GAS LINE GCONTOUR
LINEPOWER POLEWITH GUYELECTRICALSERVICE LINEEWATER LINE WFIRE LINE
FDescription Symbol Description SymbolNATURAL GRADE(CONTOUR
LINE)NUMBER INDICATESELEVATION IN FEET ABOVE SEA
LEVEL06FINISHEDGRADE LINE06SITE PLAN SYMBOLSMECHANICAL
SYMBOLSDescription Symbol Description SymbolRECTANGULAR OR
SQUARESUPPLY DUCT TURNED UPRECTANGULAR OR SQUARESUPPLY DUCT TURNED
DOWNRECTANGULAR OR SQUAREEXHAUST DUCT TURNED UPRECTANGUALR OR
SQUAREEXHAUST DUCT TURNED DOWNROUND SUPPLY DUCT TURNED UPROUND
SUPPLY DUCT TURNED DOWNRECTANGULAR CEILING DIFFUSERROUND CEILING
DIFFUSERFLEXIBLE CONNECTIONTRANSITION:FOT = FLAT ON TOP FOTSECTION
2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 176Description Symbol
Description SymbolELECTRIC OPERATEDDAMPERE.O.D.FIRE DAMPERF.D.SMOKE
DAMPERS.D.ELECTRIC HEATERIN DUCTSUPPLY OUTLET WITH SIZE AND AIR
QUANTITY SHOWN12 X 8200 CFMDEFLECTOR IN DUCT BEHIND REGISTER OR
GRILLE (ARROW INDICATES DIRECTION OF FLOW)TURNING VANES IN A SQUARE
THROAT ELBOW TURNING VANES IN A ROUNDTHROAT ELBOW PLAN VIEW OF
TRANSITION OFF-SET UP IN DIRECTION OF ARROWDUCT DIMENSIONSFIRST
FIGUREIS THE SIDE OF DUCT SHOWN (12 X 10)ACCOUSTICAL LININGINSIDE
INSULATIONBRANCH TAP IN DUCTSPLITTER FITTING WITH
DAMPERS.D.VOLUME-DAMPERV.D.BACKDRAFT DAMPERBDDACCESS DOOR IN DUCT
10"X 10" SIZEA.D. 10 x 10PNEUMATIC OPERATEDDAMPERP.O.D.THREE-WAY
VALVEPRESSURE REDUCING VALVEPRESSURE RELIEF VALVEOR SAFETY
VALVESOLENOID VALVEPIPE TURNED UP (ELBOW)PIPE TURNED DOWN
(ELBOW)TEE (OUTLET UP)MECHANICAL SYMBOLS (CONTINUED)SECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 177TEE (OUTLET DOWN)Description
Symbol Description SymbolBACKFLOW PREVENTER B.F.P.UNIONREDUCERCHECK
VALVEFLOWGATE VALVE ORGLOBE VALVE ORBALL VALVEBUTTERFLY
VALVEDIAPHRAGM VALVEANGLE GATE VALVEANGLE GLOBE VALVEPLUG
VALVEFLEXIBLE CONNECTORFLOW SWITCHPRESSURE GAUGE AND
COCKPRESSURE/TEMPERATURE PLUGSTRAINER, BLOW
DOWNTHERMOMETERTHERMOMETER WELLMECHANICAL SYMBOLS (CONCLUDED)PIPING
SYMBOLSDescription Symbol Description SymbolLOW PRESSURE STEAM
LPSLOW PRESSURE CONDENSATELPCPUMPED CONDENSATE PCFUEL OIL SUPPLY
FOSFUEL OIL RETURN FORHOT WATER SUPPLY HWSHOT WATER RETURN
HWRCOMPRESSED AIR AREFRIGERANT SUCTION RSREFRIGERANT LIQUID
RLREFRIGERANT HOT GAS RHGCONDENSATE DRAIN CDFUEL GAS GCHILLED WATER
SUPPLY CWSCHILLED WATER RETURN CWRSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS 178Description Symbol Description SymbolWALL
HYDRANTYARD HYDRANTY.H.FLUSH VALVE WATER CLOSETCOUNTER-TYPE
LAVATORYMETER MSPRINKLER PIPING SSPRINKLER HEADFLOOR DRAIN
F.D.CLEAN-OUTC.O.TUBTANK-TYPE WATER CLOSETWALL-MOUNTED
LAVATORYURINALSHOWERWATER HEATERWHMANHOLEMHKITCHEN SINK (DOUBLE
BOWL)PLUMBING SYMBOLSPLUMBING PIPE SYMBOLSDescription Symbol
Description SymbolPLUMBING VENT LINECOLD WATER (DOMESTIC)HOT WATER
(DOMESTIC)HOT WATER RETURN (DOMESTIC)FIRE LINE FFUEL GAS LINE GACID
WASTE LINE AWVACUUM LINE VCOMPRESSED AIR LINE ABACKFLOW PREVENTER
BFPGATE VALVE ORGLOBE VALVE ORCHECK VALVE (ARROW INDICATES
DIRECTIONOF FLOW)SOIL, WASTE OR DRAIN LINESECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 179UNIONPIPE TURNED DOWNPIPE
TURNED UPTEE OUTLET UPTEE OUTLET DOWNTEE OUTLET TO SIDEREDUCERPIPE
SLEEVEDescription Symbol Description SymbolPLUMBING PIPE SYMBOLS
(CONCLUDED)ELECTRICAL SYMBOLSDescription Symbol Description
SymbolSINGLE CONVENIENCE OUTLET1DOUBLE CONVENIENCE
OUTLETCONVENIENCE OUTLETOTHER THAN DUPLEX,TRIPLEX, OR DOUBLEDUPLEX,
ETC.3, 4SPECIAL PURPOSE OUTLET (DESCRIBE INSPECIFICATIONS)FLOOR
OUTLETFAN OUTLET FGENERATOR GSINGLE-POLE SWITCHDOUBLE-POLE
SWITCH2THREE-WAY SWITCH3FOUR-WAY SWITCH4KEY-OPERATED SWITCHKSWITCH
WITH PILOT LIGHTPWATERPROOF SWITCHPWFUSED SWITCHFGANG OUTLETRSWITCH
AND CONVENIENCE OUTLETSJUNCTION BOX JLAMP HOLDER LWALL-MOUNTEDLAMP
HOLDERLCLOCK OUTLET CLIGHTING PANELPOWER PANELBRANCH CIRCUITHOME
RUN TO PANEL(NUMBER INDICATES THE NUMBER OF THE CIRCUIT BREAKERS IN
PANEL)1BRANCH CIRCUIT(HASH MARKS INDICATENUMBER OF WIRES)MOTOR OR
MISOLATING SWITCHBELLOUTSIDE TELEPHONE OUTLETFIRE ALARM BELL
FSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 180Description
SymbolDescription SymbolFIRE ALARM STATION FTRANSFORMER TINSIDE
TELEPHONE OUTLETTELEPHONE SWITCHBOARDBATTERYGROUND POINTFUSED
ISOLATING SWITCHFELECTRICAL SYMBOLS (CONCLUDED)ABBREVIATIONSECTION
2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 181Abbreviation DescriptionC
Celsius or DegreesCentigradeF Degrees FahrenheitA AreaAAC Air
Carbon Arc CuttingAAW Air Acetylene WeldingAB Arc Brazing or Anchor
BeltABS Acrylonitrile ButadieneStyreneAC Air Conditioning,
ArcCutting, or AlternatingCurrentAD Access Door or Area DrainADA
Americans withDisabilities ActADD AddendumAFF Above Finished
FloorAG AbovegroundAGA American Gas AssociationAGGR AggregateAHU
Air Handling UnitAHW Atomic Hydrogen WeldingAIEE American Institute
ofElectrical EngineersAIR COND Air ConditioningAISI American Iron
and SteelInstituteAL or ALUM AluminumALM AlarmAMP AmpereAOC Oxygen
Arc CuttingAP Access PanelAPI American PetroleumInstituteAPPD
ApprovedAPPROX ApproximateARCH Architect, ArchitecturalASA American
StandardsAssociationASB AsbestosASHRAE American Society ofHeating,
Refrigeration andAir Conditioning EngineersAbbreviation
DescriptionASHVE American Society ofHeating and
VentilatingEngineersASME American Society ofMechanical
EngineersASPH AsphaltASRE American Society ofRefrigeration
EngineersASSOC Associate, AssociationASTM American Society
forTesting MaterialsAT Acoustical TileAVE AverageAW Acid Waste or
Arc WeldingAWG American Wire GaugeAWWA American Water
WorksAssociationB Bath, Brine, or BrazingB & S Bell and SpigotB
PL Base PlateB to B or B B Back to BackBA BathroomBB Baseboard or
Block Brazingbbl or BBL BarrelBD Balancing Damper, Board,or
Building DrainBET BetweenBF Back FeedBFP Backflow PreventerBH
Boiler HouseBID BidetBK SH Book ShelvesBKR BreakerBL or BLD LIN
Building LineBLD, BLDG BuildingBLK Black or BlockBLKG BlockingBLO
BlowerBLR BoilerBM Beam or Bench MarkBMAW Bare Metal Arc WeldingBO
Blow-OffBOD Bottom Of DuctAbbreviation DescriptionBOP Bottom of
PipeBOT or BOTT BottomBP Blueprint or BypassBR Bedroom or Boiler
RoomBRK BrickBRM Broom ClosetBS Building Sewer or Bureauof
StandardsBSMT BasementBT BathtubBTR BetterBTU British Thermal
UnitBV Ball Valve or ButterflyValve or Branch VentBVL BeveledBWV
Back Water ValveC Centigrade, Hundred,Center, Courses, orThermal
ConductanceC or CL Centerline, Center Line,or ClosetC to C or C C
Center to CenterC to F Center to FaceC C Copper by CopperC C C
Copper by Copper byCopperC F Copper by FemaleC M Copper by
MaleC2H2AcetyleneC4H10ButaneCAB CabinetCAC Carbon Arc CuttingCAW
Carbon Arc WeldingCAW-G Gas Carbon Arc WeldingCAW-S Shielded Carbon
ArcWeldingCAW-T Twin Carbon Arc WeldingCB Catch Basin or
CinderBlockCC Cubic CentimeterCEM CementCEM FL Cement FloorCEM MORT
Cement MortarCEM PLAS Cement PlasterCEW Coextrusion WeldingCF or CU
FT Cubic Foot/FeetCFLG Counter FlashingCFM Cubic Feet Per MinuteCFS
Cubic Feet Per SecondCHAN ChannelCHW Chilled WaterCHWR Chilled
Water ReturnAbbreviation DescriptionCHWS Chilled Water SupplyCI or
C. I. Cast IronCI or CU IN Cubic InchCIR CircleCIR BKR Circuit
BreakerCK Cast IronCKT CircuitCLG HT Ceiling HeightCenter Line or
CenterlineCLKG CaulkingCLNG or CLG CeilingCLR ClearCM CentimeterCMU
Concrete Masonry Unit(concrete block)CND ConduitCNTR Center or
CounterCO Cleanout, Clean-Out, orCarbon MonoxideCO2Carbon
DioxideCOD Cleanout DoorCOL ColumnCOM CommonCOMP Composition,
Compression,or CompanionCONC ConcreteCOND ConductorCONN
ConnectionCONST ConstructionCONT Contact or ContinuousCONTR
ContractorCONV ConvectorCONV ENCL Convector EnclosureCOP
CopperCORRUG CorrugatedCOV CoverCOV PL Cover PlateCP Cesspool,
Chrome Plated,or Control PointCPM Cycles Per MinuteCPVC Chlorinated
PolyvinylChlorideCR PL Chrome PlatedCRNRS CornersCS Cast Steel,
Cast Stone, orCarbon SteelCSG CasingCSP Central Switch PanelCTR
CenterCU CopperCU FT Cubic FootCU IN Cubic InchCLSECTION 2/
SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 182Abbreviation DescriptionCUR
CurrentCV or CK V Circuit Vent or CheckValveCW Cold Water or
ColdWeldingCWP Circulating Water PumpCY or CU YD Cubic YardCYL
Cylinderd Penny (nail size)D Diameter or DryerD S, DS DownspoutDBL
DoubleDC Direct CurrentDCP Dimmer Control PanelDEG, DegreeDET
DetailDF Drinking FountainDFB Diffusion BrazingDFU Drainage Fixture
UnitDFW Diffusion WeldingDH Double HubDIA, DIAM, or DiameterDIAG
DiagramDIF DiffuserDIM DimensionDISC DisconnectDMPR DamperDN DownDO
DittoDP Dampproofing, Deep,Depth, or Dip BrazingD R Dining RoomDR
Door, Drain, or DrainageDS DownspoutDT Dust TightDW Dishwasher or
Dry WellDWG DrawingDWN, DN DownDWV Drainage Waste and VentE EastE
to C or E C End to CenterE to E or E E End to EndEASP Electric Arc
SprayingEBC Electron Beam CuttingEBW Electron Beam WeldingEBW-HV
Electron Beam WeldingHigh VacuumEBW-MV Electron Beam WeldingMedium
VacuumEBW-NV Electron Beam WeldingNonvacuumECO End
CleanoutAbbreviation DescriptionEDR Equivalent DirectRadiationEF
Exhaust FanEGW Electrogas Weldingel or EL ElevationELEC
ElectricELEV Elevation or ElevatorEME EmergencyENCL EnclosureENGR
EngineerENT EntranceEP Explosion ProofEQ EqualEQUIP EquipmentESP
Emergency Switch PanelEST EstimateESW Electroslag WeldingEWC
Electric Water CoolerEWH Electric Water HeaterEXC ExcavateEXIST
ExistingEXP Exposed or ExpansionEXP JT Expansion JointEXT
ExteriorEXW Explosion WeldingF DR Fire DoorF EXT Fire ExtinguisherF
to F or F F Face to FaceFAB FabricateFACP Fire Alarm Control
PanelFAI Fresh Air IntakeFB Fixture Branch orFurnace BrazingFBRK
FirebrickFCAW Flux Cored Arc WeldingFCO Floor CleanoutFCU Fan Coil
UnitFD Fire Damper, Floor Drain,or Fixture DrainFDR FeederFDT
FoundationFF Finished FloorFG Fuel GasFHY Fire HydrantFIG FigureFIN
FinishFIN FL Finished FloorFIP Female Iron PipeFL FlashingFL or FLR
FloorFLB Flow BrazingFLG FlangeSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS 183Abbreviation DescriptionFLGD FlangedFLOW Flow
WeldingFLR FloorFND FoundationFOB Flat On BottomFOC Chemical Flux
CuttingFOT Flat On TopFOUND or FDN FoundationFOW Forge WeldingFP
Fireplace or Full PortFPM Feet Per MinuteFPRF FireproofFPS Feet Per
SecondFR FontFRW Friction WeldingFS Floor SinkFT, ' Feet or FootFTG
Footing or FittingFU Fixture UnitFURN FurnishFV Flush ValveFW Flash
WeldingG Gas, Ground, or GroundedGA GaugeGAL GallonGALV
GalvanizedGAR GarageGFCI Ground Fault CircuitInterrupterGFI Ground
Fault InterrupterGI Galvanized IronGL GlassGL BL Glass BlockGMAC
Gas Metal Arc CuttingGMAW Gas Metal Arc WeldingGMAW-P Gas Metal Arc
WeldingPulsed ArcGMAW-S Gas Metal Arc WeldingShort Circuiting
ArcGND GroundGP Gauge PressureGPF Gallons Per FlushGPH Gallons Per
HourGPM Gallons Per MinuteGPS Gallons Per SecondGR or GRDGradeGT
Grease TrapGTAC Gas Tungsten Arc CuttingGTAW Gas Tungsten Arc
WeldingGTAW-P Gas Tungsten ArcWeldingPulsed ArcGTV or GV Gate
ValveAbbreviation DescriptionGYP BD Gypsum BoardHB Height (see
HGT), HoseBib (Bibb), or HorizontalBranchHC Hollow Core DoorHCW
Hollow Core WoodHD Heavy Duty or Hub DrainHDR HeaderHG MercuryHGT
Height (see HB)HHW Heating Hot WaterHHWR Heating Hot Water
ReturnHHWS Heating Hot Water SupplyHM Hollow MetalHOR or HORIZ
HorizontalHP High Point, HighPressure, or Horse
Power(Horsepower)HPW Hot Pressure WeldingHT or HGT HeightHTG Heater
or HeatingHVAC Heating Ventilation andAir ConditioningHW Hot
WaterHWH Hot Water HeaterHWM High Water MarkHWR Hot Water ReturnI I
Beam or Insulation (see INS)IB Induction BrazingID Inside
DiameterIE Invert ElevationIN, " Inch or InchesINC IncreaserINFO
InformationINS Insulate, InsulationINSUL InsulationINT InteriorINV
InvertIPC International PlumbingCodeIPS Iron Pipe SizeIRB Infrared
BrazingIW Indirect Waste orInduction WeldingJ Junction BoxJCL
Janitors ClosetJS Janitor SinkJSTS JoistsJT JointK Kelvin, Kitchen,
orKilopound (See KIP)SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
184Abbreviation DescriptionKIP KilopoundKG KilogramKM KilometerKO
Knock OutKS Kitchen SinkKVA Kilovoltage AmperesKW KilowattKWHR
Kilowatt HourL Angle, Left, or Length(see LGTH)L or LGTH LengthLAD
LadderLAU LaundryLAV LavatoryLB PoundLB, # PoundLB/CU/FT Pounds Per
Cubic FootLBC Laser Beam CuttingLBC-A Laser Beam CuttingAirLBC-EV
Laser Beam CuttingEvaporativeLBC-IG Laser Beam CuttingInert
GasLBC-O Laser Beam CuttingOxygenLBW Laser Beam WeldingLDG
LandingLEV LevelLH Left-HandedLIB LibraryLIN Linen ClosetLIN FT
Linear FeetLIQ LiquidLKR R Locker RoomLOC Oxygen Lance CuttingLP
Low PressureLPG Liquid Petroleum GasLPS Liters Per SecondLR Living
RoomLT LightLV Loop Vent, Low Voltage,or LouverLW Light WeightLWC
Light Weight ConcreteM Meter, Motor, orThousandMAC Metal Arc
CuttingMAINT MaintenanceMALL MalleableMANUF ManufacturerMAS
MasonryMATL MaterialAbbreviation DescriptionMAX MaximumMECH
MechanicalMED MediumMEZZ MezzanineMFG ManufacturingMFR
ManufacturerMH ManholeMI Malleable Iron and MileMIN, ' Minimum or
MinuteMISC MiscellaneousMLDG MouldingMM MillimeterMN MainMO Masonry
OpeningMOD ModularMR Marble, Mop ReceptorMRR Mens Rest RoomMS Mop
SinkMSS ManufacturersStandardization SocietyMT Empty, Mens
TolietMTG MountingMTL MetalMV MillivoltN NorthN/F Now or
FormerlyN2NitrogenNAT NaturalNC Normally ClosedNEC National
Electric CodeNFPA National Fire ProtectionAssociationNFWH Non
Freeze Wall HydrantNG Natural GasNH No HubNIC Not In ContractNIP
NippleNL Night LightNO Normally Open or NumberNOM NominalNPS
National Pipe SizeNT or NTS Not To ScaleO OffsetO.H. Door Overhead
Dooro/ Overhead or OverO2OxygenOAW Oxyacetylene WeldingOC On Center
or OxygenCuttingOD Outside DiameterOFC Oxyfuel Gas CuttingOFC-A
Oxyacetylene CuttingSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
185Abbreviation DescriptionOFC-H Oxyhydrogen CuttingOFC-N
Oxynatural Gas CuttingOFC-P Oxypropane CuttingOFF OfficeOFW Oxyfuel
Gas WeldingOHW Oxyhydrogen WeldingOPG OpeningOS&Y Outside Screw
and YokeOSB Oriented Strand BoardOVLD OverloadOZ OunceP&T
Pressure and TemperaturePAC Plasma Arc CuttingPAN, PAL PanelPAW
Plasma Arc WeldingPB LeadPC Plumbing Contractor,Pre-cast Concrete,
or PullChainPCF Pounds Per Cubic FootPE Plain End or
PolyethylenePERF PerforatedPEW Percussion WeldingPEX Cross Linked
PolyethylenePG Pressure GaugePGW Pressure Gas WeldingPH Phase or
Power HousePI Pressure IndicatorPL PlatePLAS PlasterPLG, PLMG, or
PLUMB PlumbingPL GL Plate GlassPLYWD PlywoodPOC Point of
ConnectionPORT PortablePRCST PrecastPREFAB PrefabricatedPRES
PressurePROP ProposalPRV Pressure Reducing ValvePS Pipe ShaftPSF
Pound Per Square FootPSI Pounds Per Square InchPSIA Pounds Per
Square InchAbsolutePSIG Pounds Per Square InchGaugePT Pint or
Pressure-TreatedLumberPTD PaintedPTN PartitionPVC Polyvinyl
ChlorideAbbreviation DescriptionPW Projection WeldingPWR PowerQTY
QuantityR Radius, Range, Recessed,or RisersR & L Right and
LeftRA Return AirRAD RadiatorRAG Return Air GrilleRB Resistance
BrazingRCP Reinforced Concrete PipeRD Road or Roof DrainRECIR,
RECIRC RecirculateRED Reducing or ReducerREF RefrigeratorREG
RegisterREINF Reinforcement orReinforcedREM RemoveREP RepairREQ
RequirementRET ReturnREV RevisionRF Roof or Roof FlashingRGH
RoughRGH OPNG Rough OpeningRH Right-HandRI Rough-inRL Roof LeaderRM
RoomROB Run of Bank (gravel)ROW Right of Way or RollWeldingRPM
Revolutions Per MinuteRPS Revolutions Per SecondRPZ Reduced
Pressure ZoneValveRSEW Resistance Seam WeldingRSEW-HF Resistance
SeamWeldingHigh FrequencyRSEW-I Resistance SeamWeldingInductionRSW
Resistance Spot WeldingRT Rain Tight or RightRTU Roof Top UnitRV
Relief Vent or Relief ValveRW Resistance WeldingRWL Rain Water
LeaderS Sink, Sewer, South, orSwitchS&P Shelf and PoleSECTION
2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 186Abbreviation DescriptionSA
Shock Absorber or SupplyAirSAG Supply Air GrilleSAN SanitarySAW
Submerged Arc WeldingSAW-S Series Submerged ArcWeldingSCD
ScrewedSCH or SCHEDScheduleSCM Square CentimeterSCRND ScreenedSD
Split Damper or StormDrainSEC SecondSEW SewerSF Square Foot or
SquareFeetSH Shower or Single HubSHT SheetSHTG SheathingSHR or SHWR
ShowerSIM SimilarSIN Square InchSK Sketch or SinkSL Slate or
SlidingSLD SolderSM Square MeterSMAC Shielded Metal
ArcCuttingSMACNA Sheet Metal and AirConditioning
ContractorsNational AssociationSMAW Shielded Metal ArcWeldingSO
Side OutletSOV Shut-Off ValveSP Soil Pipe or StaticPressureSPEC
SpecificationsSPKR, SPR SprinklerSQ orSquareSQ FT Square FootSQ IN
Square InchSQ YD Square YardSS Stainless Steel (See SST),Sanitary
Sewer, Soil Stack,or Service SinkSST Stainless SteelSSW Solid-State
WeldingSTD StandardSTL SteelSTY StoryAbbreviation DescriptionSUP
SupplySUPT SuperintendentSV Stack Vent, Safety Valve, or Service
WeightPipeSW Stud Arc Welding orSwitchSWBD SwitchboardSY Square
YardSYS SystemT Toilet or TravelT&G Tongue and GrooveT&P
Temperature and PressureTB Torch BrazingTBM Temporary Bench MarkTC
Thermal CuttingTCAB Twin Carbon Arc BrazingTD Trench DrainTEMP
TemperatureTG Temperature GaugeTH Thermostat (see TSTAT)THD
ThreadedTHERM ThermometerTHK ThickTHOLD ThresholdTI Temperature
IndicatorTLT ToiletTOC Top of ConcreteTOD Top Of DuctTP Trap Primer
or Tie-inPointTSTAT Thermostat (see TH)TW Thermit WeldingTYP
TypicalUG UndergroundUH Unit HeaterUL Underwriters
LaboratoriesUNFIN UnfinishedUNO Unless Noted OtherwiseUR UrinalUSS
United States StandardUSSG U.S. Standard GaugeUSW Ultrasonic
WeldingUW Upset WeldingUW-HF Upset WeldingHighFrequencyUW-I Upset
WeldingInductionV Volt, Vent, or ValveVA Voltage AmperesVAC
VacuumVAV Variable Air Volume
SECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 187Abbreviation
DescriptionVB Vacuum Breaker, Valve Box, or VaporBarrierVCP
Vitrified Clay PipeVCT Vinyl Composite TileVD Volume DamperVEL
VelocityVERT VerticalVEST VestibuleVIF Verify In FieldVOL Volume,
VoltVS Vent ShaftVT Vapor TightVTR Vent Through RoofW West, Watt,
Wire, Width, or WashingMachineW & D Washer and DryerWARD
WardrobeWB Washer BoxWC Water ClosetWCO Wall CleanoutWD WoodWDW
WindowWH Water Heater, WallHydrant, Weatherhead, or
WeepholeAbbreviation DescriptionWI Wrought IronWM Washing Machine
orWater MeterWP Water Pump, Waterproof,Weatherproof,
orWeatherproofingWRR Womens Rest RoomWS Waste StackW/ WithWSFU
Water Supply Fixture UnitWT Water Tight, Weight,Womens TolietWV
Wall VentWWP Water Working PressureX SECT Cross SectionXFER
TransferXFRMR TransformerXH or XHVY Extra HeavyXS Extra
StrongX-SECT Cross SectionXXH Double Extra HeavyXXS Double Extra
StrongYD YardYDI Yard Drain InletYH Yard HydrantYLW YellowYR
YearSECTION 2/ SpecificsSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 188