0 Syllabus and Course Break up 1 st Professional Year, B.V.Sc. & A.H. (As per M.S.V.E. 2016) College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - Odisha
0
Syllabus and Course Break up
1st Professional Year, B.V.Sc. & A.H.
(As per M.S.V.E. 2016)
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,
Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology,
Bhubaneswar - Odisha
1
SUBJECT: BIOCHEMISTRY (2+1)
1ST PROFESSIONAL YEAR, BVSC & AH
2
THEORY SYLLABUS
UNIT-1 (General Veterinary Biochemistry)
Scope and Importance of Biochemistry. Structure of Biological Membranes and Transport across Membranes.
Donnan Membrane Equilibrium. Dissociation of Acids, pH, Buffer Systems, Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation.
Biochemistry of Carbohydrates: Biological Significance of Important Monosaccharides (Ribose, Glucose, Fructose,
Galactose, Mannose and Amino Sugars), Disaccharides (Maltose, Isomaltose, Lactose, Sucrose and Cellobiose),
Polysaccharides, (Starch, Dextrins, Dextrans, Glycogen, Cellulose, Inulin, Chitin), and Mucopolysaccharides
Including Bacterial Cell Wall Polysaccharides. Biochemistry of lipids: Properties and biological significance of simple,
compound and derived lipids and lipoproteins. Fat indices. Structure and functions of prostaglandins. Biochemistry of
proteins: Classification, Structure, Properties - Biological significance of proteins. Amino acids: Structure and
classification. Physical and chemical properties of amino acids - amphoteric nature, optical activity, and peptide bond
formation. Biochemistry of nucleic acids: Chemistry of purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides and nucleotides. Biological
significance of nucleosides and nucleotides. Structures and functions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and a typical
ribonucleic acid (RNA).
UNIT-2 (Intermediary Metabolism)
Enzymes: Definition and classification. Coenzymes, cofactors and iso-enzymes. Properties: Protein nature,
enzymesubstrate complex formation, modern concept of the active center of enzyme. Specificity of enzyme action:
Substrate specificity, group specificity, stereo or optical specificity. Factors influencing enzyme action: Effects of
temperature, pH, concentration of substrate and enzyme. Enzyme units: International Units, katal, turnover number
and specific activity.Enzyme inhibition: Competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive inhibition and suicidal inhibition.
Allosteric enzymes. Biological oxidation: Enzymes and coenzymes involved in oxidation and reduction. Respiratory
chain or electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors, uncouplers and other factors influencing
electron transport chain. Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, HMP shunt, gluconeogenesis, Cori
cycle, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, Bioenergetics of carbohydrate metabolism. Lipid metabolism: Beta oxidation of
fatty acids, ketone body formation, biosynthesis of fatty acids. Bioenergetics of lipid metabolism. Protein metabolism:
Biosynthesis and Degradation. Deamination, transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids. Ammonia transport
and urea cycle. Nucleic acid metabolism: Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines. DNA and RNA biosynthesis and
regulation. Regulation and Integration of metabolism.
UNIT- 3 (Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry)
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetes mellitus, Ketosis, Bovine Ketosis, Pregnancy toxemia,
hypoglycaemia in baby pigs, hyperinsulinism in Dogs. Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism and regulation
of blood sugar. Biochemical tests for the detection of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism. Plasma Proteins and
clinical significance, Proteins and Dysproteinemias,. Acute Phase proteins. Lipid Profile in disease diagnosis. Clinical
Enzymology - Diagnostic importance of non-functional plasma enzymes and Isoenzymes, Liver function tests -
Classification - Biochemical tests for differential diagnosis. Biochemical tests of renal function - Urine analysis - Role
of BUN, Uric acid and Creatinine in diagnosis. Disturbance in acid base balance and its diagnosis. Biochemistry of
digestive disorders. Biochemistry of oxidative stress and shock. Biochemical basis of fluid therapy. Detoxification in
the body: Metabolism of xenobiotics, General reactions for biotransformation of different groups of substances,
Cytochrome p450 system of enzymes.
3
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
UNIT-1 (General Veterinary Biochemistry)
Concentration of solutions and system International (S.I.) Units; Preparationor standardization of acids and
alkalies; Preparation of Buffers; Titration curve of acid versus base; Qualitative test for carbohydrates and
identification of unknown carbohydrates; Determination of acid number of an oil; Color and precipitation reactions of
proteins; Estimation of amino acids (Sorensen’s Method).
UNIT-2 (Intermediary Metabolism)
Effect of temperature and pH on enzyme activity; Estimation of blood or plasma Glucose, Protein, Inorganic
phosphate, Calcium, Magnesium; Estimation of ascorbic acid by Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) method;
Estimation of milk lactose by Benedicts quantative method; Estimation of sodium and potassium by flame
photometer; Paper or thin later Chromatography of amino acids; Estimation of vitamin A by colorimetry.
UNIT-3 (Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry)
Detection of Pathological Constituents in Urine; Assays of ALT and AST in Serum; Acute phase proteins (AorG
Ratio); Estimation of total serum cholesterol, Blood Urea Nitrogen, creatinine, serum billirubin (Direct, Indirect and
Total). Principles of various diagnostic tests, normal and abnormal values in different species, differential diagnosis,
correlating with diseases and rationale of arriving at the conclusion need to be rediscussed in detail during Final
Profesional in the course VETERINARY CLINICAL PRACTICES-II, Diagnostic Laboratory Section.
4
COURSE BREAK UP- THEORY
UNIT-I: General Veterinary Biochemistry
1 Scope and importance of biochemistry
2 Structure of biological membranes and membrane transport. Donnan’s membrane
equilibrium.
3 Brief idea on dissociation of acids, pH, buffer systems, Henderson-Hasselbalch
equation.
4 Carbohydrates: definition, function, classification and isomerism
5 Biological significance of important Monosaccharides (Ribose, Glucose, Fructose,
Galactose, Mannose and Amino Sugars) & Disaccharides (Maltose, Isomaltose, Lactose,
Sucrose and Cellobiose)
6 Biological significance of important Polysaccharides, (starch, dextrins, dextrans,
glycogen, cellulose, inulin, chitin)
7 Biological significance of important Muco-polysaccharides including bacterial cell wall
polysaccharides
8 Lipids: Definition, function, classification, structure of simple, compound and derived
lipids and lipoproteins
9 Classification, structure and biological significance of fatty acids and Fat indices
10 Structure and functions of prostaglandins and Chemistry of bile and bile acids
11 Proteins: Definition, biological significance, classification,
12 Structure and properties of proteins
13 Amino acid structure, classification and physical properties
14 Chemical properties of amino acids (amphoteric nature, optical activity, and peptide
bond formation)
15 Nucleic Acids: definition, biological significance, classification
16 Structural Chemistry and biological significance of nucleosides and nucleotides
17 Structures and functions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
18 Structures and functions of a typical ribonucleic acid (t-RNA)
UNIT-II: Veterinary Intermediary Metabolism
19 Enzymes: Definition and classification, EC numbering of enzymes
20 Protein nature of enzymes, theories of enzyme-substrate complex formation,
21 Modem concept of the active center of enzyme and enzyme action
22 Enzyme units: International Units, katal, turnover number & specific activity, substrate
specificity, group specificity, stereo or optical specificity of enzymes
23 Effects of temperature, pH, concentration of substrate and enzyme on enzyme action
24 Competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive & suicidal inhibition
5
25 Allosteric enzymes, iso-enzymes Coenzymes, and Cofactors: definition and functions
26 Enzymes and coenzymes involved in oxidation and reduction Oxidoreductases/
oxidases/ oxygenases/ dehydrogenases/ hydroperoxidases/ cytochromes
27 Carbohydrate metabolism: Digestion, absorption and assimilation
28 Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle
29 Glyoxylate cycle, HMP shunt, Gluconeogenesis
30 Cori cycle, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis
31 Bioenergetics of carbohydrate metabolism
32 Lipid metabolism: Digestion, absorption and assimilation
33 Beta-oxidation of fatty acids, ketone body formation
34 Biosyntheses of fatty acids
35 Bioenergetics of lipid metabolism
36 Protein Metabolism: Digestion, absorption and assimilation
37 Deamination, transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
38 Ammonia transport and urea cycle
39 Nucleic acid Metabolism: Metabolism of purines and pyrimidines
40 Biosynthesis and regulation of DNA
41 Biosynthesis and regulation of RNA
42 Respiratory chain or electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation,
43 Inhibitors, uncouplers and other factors influencing electron transport chain
44 Regulation and integration of metabolism
UNIT-III: Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry
45 Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: Diabetes mellitus, Ketosis, Bovine Ketosis
46 Pregnancy toxemia, hypoglycaemia in baby pigs, hyperinsulinism in Dogs
47 Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism and regulation of blood sugar
48 Biochemical tests for the detection of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism
49 Clinical significance of proteins and plasma proteins and
50 Clinical significance of dysproteinemias and. Acute Phase proteins
51 Clinical significance of lipid parameters and diseases diagnosis
52 Diagnostic importance of non-functional plasma enzymes and Isoenzymes
53 Different types of Liver function tests for differential diagnosis
54 Biochemical tests of renal function - Urine analysis
55 Role of BUN, Uric acid and Creatinine in diagnosis
56 Disturbance in acid base balance and its diagnosis
57 Biochemistry of digestive disorders
6
58 Biochemistry of oxidative stress and shock
59 Biochemical basis of fluid therapy
60 Detoxification in the body: General reactions for biotransformation of different groups of
substances
61 Metabolism of xenobiotics and Cytochrome p450 system of enzymes
COURSE BREAK UP – PRACTICAL
UNIT-I: General Veterinary Biochemistry
1 Concentration of solutions - System international (S.I.) Units.
2 Preparation/standardization of acids / alkalies
3 Preparation of buffers and Titration curve of acid versus base
4 Qualitative tests for monosaccharide and their identification
5 Qualitative tests for disaccharide and their identification
6 Qualitative tests for polysaccharide and their identification
7 Identification of unknown carbohydrates
8 Determination of acid number of an oil
9 Color and precipitation reactions of proteins
10 Estimation of amino acids (Sorensen’s Method)
UNIT-II: Veterinary Intermediary Metabolism
11 Effect of pH on enzyme activity
12 Effect of temperature on enzyme activity
13 Estimation of blood / plasma glucose
14 Estimation of plasma protein
15 Estimation of plasma inorganic phosphate
16 Estimation of plasma calcium
17 Estimation of plasma Magnesium
18 Estimation of Ascorbic acid by Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) method
19 Estimation of milk lactose by Benedicts quantative method
20 Estimation of sodium and potassium by flame photometer;
21 Paper or thin later Chromatography of amino acids
22 Estimation of vitamin A by colorimetry
7
UNIT-III: Veterinary Analytical Biochemistry
23 Pathological Urine analysis
24 Assays of ALT and AST in Serum
25 Assays of Acute phase proteins (AorG Ratio)
26 Estimation of total serum cholesterol, , ,
27 Estimation of Blood Urea Nitrogen
28 Estimation of creatinine
29 Estimation of serum billirubin (Direct, Indirect and Total).
30 Principles and procedures of various diagnostic tests
31 Renal function and Liver function tests
8
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1ST PROFESSIONAL YEAR, BVSC & AH
Credit Hours: 4+2
9
COURSE BREAK UP - THEORY Teacher
UNIT-1 (GENERAL LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT)
1 Demographic distribution of livestock and role in Indian economy
Dr. Bhagirathi
Panigrahi
and
Dr. Kumaresh Behera
2 Problems and prospects of livestock industry in India
3 Common animal husbandry terms (glossary)
4 Body conformation and identification
5 Transportation of livestock and wild or zoo animals
6 Common farm management practices including disinfection,
7 isolation, quarantine and disposal of carcass
8 & 9 Introduction to methods of drug administration
10 Common vices of animals (Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat), their
prevention and care
11 Livestock production systems
12 Animal holding and land holding patterns in different agro-
climatic zones
13 Organic livestock production
14 Judging and BCS for body parts of livestock
15 Preparation of animals for show
16 Culling of animals; Selection and purchase of livestock
UNIT-2 FODDER PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION
1 Importance of grasslands and fodder in livestock production
Dr. L.K. Babu
2-6 Agronomical Practices for fodder production
7 Important leguminous and non-leguminous fodders in different
seasons
8 Soil and Water conservation and drainage of water for fodder
production
9 Fodder production for small livestock units
10 Structures for storage of feeds and fodders
11 Scarcity fodders and preservation of green fodder
12 Recycling of animal washings and wastes in fodders production
and use of recycle waste UNIT-3 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT-RUMINANTS
1 Housing systems, layout and design of different buildings for
animals.
Dr. Bhagirathi
Panigrahi
and
Dr. Kumaresh Behera
2 Selection of site: General principles affecting the design and
construction of building for housing for various livestock species
3
Arrangements of the building with special reference to Indian
conditions. Utilization of local materials. Building materials used
for construction of wall, roof and floor of animal houses, their
characteristics, merits and demerits
4 Breeds of cattle and descriptions of important breeds
5 Breeds of buffalo and descriptions of important breeds
6 Economic traits of cattle and buffaloes
7 General management and feeding practices of calves
8 General management and feeding practices of heifers, pregnant,
lactating and dry animals
9 General management and feeding practices of bulls and working
animals
10 Draught ability of cattle and buffaloes, Raising of buffalo males for
meat production
10
11 Routine animal farm operations and labour management
12 Animal farm accounts and records
13 Methods of milking and precautions
14 Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk production
15 Clean milk production
16 Breeds of sheep and their descriptions.
17 Breeds of goat and their descriptions
18 Important economic traits for meat, milk and fibre
19 &
20
General management and feeding practices during different
stages of growth, development and production (milk, meat and
wool)
20 Breeding schedule and management of ram and buck
21 Weaning and fattening of lambs and kids
UNIT-4 ZOO ANIMALS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1 Taxonomy of important wild zoo animals
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
2 Status and conservation practices of wildlife in India
3 Basic principles of habitat and housing of various classes of wild
zoo animals
4 Size and space requirement (dimension) of cubicles, enclosures of
important wild zoo animals
5 Management of livestock in fringe areas, in and surrounding the
breeding areas
6 Feeding habits, feeds and feeding schedules of captive animals
7 Restraining, capture, handling, physical examination of captive
animals
8 Classification of zoos, management of sanctuaries, national parks
etc.
9 Acts and Rules related to captive animals
10 National and international organization and institutions interlinked
to captive animals role and functioning
UNIT-5 ANIMAL WELFARE
1
Definition of animal welfare and ethics
Human and animal welfare in relation to ecosystem and
environmental factors
Role of veterinarians in animal welfare
Dr. K. Behera
2 Animal welfare organizations, Animal Welfare Board of India -
their role, functions and current status
3 Rules, regulations, laws on animal welfare
4 Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 {59 of 1960)
5 Role and function of Committee for the Purpose of Controlling and
Supervising Experiments in Animals (CPCSEA)
6 Protection of wild life in nature and captivity
7 Protection and welfare of performing animals
8 Welfare of animals during transportation
9 Animal welfare in commercial livestock farming practices
10 Protection and welfare of working animals, Pet and companion
animal welfare
11 Animal welfare during natural calamities and disaster
management
12 Legal duties of veterinarians,
11
Common offences against animals and laws related to these
offences
13 Provincial and Central Acts relating to animals
14 Laws relating to offences affecting Public Health
15 Livestock Importation Act Evidence, liability and insurance
16 Code of Conduct and Ethics for veterinarians - the Regulations
made under the Act
UNIT-6 POULTRY PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1 Indian poultry industry – Brief outline of the different segments –
poultry statistics
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra Dr. L.K. Babu
2 Classification of poultry with respect to production characters,
age and standards
3 Production characters of other avian species
4
Description of indigenous fowls and their value in rural farming.
Specific strains developed for rural poultry production; their
acceptability and importance in rural eco-system
5 Brooding management – Types of brooders – preparation of shed
– Importance of environmental factors
6 Housing – Types of poultry houses – space requirements. Recent
advances in housing systems and rearing systems
7
Scavenging system of management – Low input technology –
Backyard and semi-intensive units; their management and
economic achievements
8 Deep litter management – control of litter-borne diseases and
recycling of litter
9 Cage management–Different types; Advantages and
disadvantages. Management of growers and layers 10 Management of broilers and breeders. Stress management
11 Feeding management–Classification of nutrients – Nutrient
requirements and feed formulations
12 Feeding systems–Feed restrictions – phase feeding – Additives
and supplements. Water management
13
Breeding systems and methods of mating. Selection and culling.
Breeding for specific characters and for hybrid chicken
production 14 Poultry judging
15 Egg structure – Physical and chemical composition. Bio-security
and principles of disease prevention management
16
Health care for common poultry diseases – vaccination
General principles of poultry medication
UNIT-7 DIVERSIFIED POULTRY PRODUCTION & HATCHERY
MANAGEMENT
1 Principles of incubation and hatchery management practices
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra Dr. L.K. Babu
2 Factors affecting fertility and hatchability, selection and care of
hatching eggs and hatchery hygiene
3 Candling, sexing, grading, packing and disposal of hatchery
waste
4 Economics of hatchery business – Troubleshooting hatchery
failures–Computer applications in hatchery management 5 Poultry waste management, pollution and environmental issues
6 Organic and hill farming. Mixed or integrated poultry farming
12
7 Vertical & horizontal integration in commercial poultry production
– Contract farming
8 Export or import of poultry produce and marketing
9 Management of ducks, geese
10 Management of turkeys, Japanese quails, guinea fowls etc.
UNIT-8 LABORATORY OR RABBIT OR PET ANIMAL PRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT
1-2 Importance and selection of laboratory animal, care and housing
standards of mice, rats, hamster and guinea pigs
Dr. B. Panigrahi
3-4 General considerations on feeding and breeding of laboratory
animals
5 Concept of production of specific pathogen free and germ free
laboratory animals
6 Scope of rabbit farming in the country, breeds and their
distributions in India, Limitation of rabbit animal production
7 Selection, care and management of breeding stock for
commercial purpose
8 Identification, care and management of kindling animals
9 Care of new born, growing stock
10 Breeding and selection techniques for optimal production of
rabbit
11 Feeds and feeding for rabbit production
12 Hygienic care and Housing for rabbit production
13 Disposal, utilization and recycling of waste etc.
14 Preparing projects for micro (Backyard), mini and major rabbit
farms
15 Important breeds of dogs, cats and pet birds
16 Feeding of dogs, cats and pet birds
17 Dog show: preparation for show, kennel clubs, important
characteristics for judgment
18
Utility of dogs- guarding, defense, patrolling, riot control,
scouting, espionage, mine detection, tracking, guiding, hunting,
races, retrieving rescue and other uses
UNIT-9 SWINE OR EQUINE OR CAMEL, YAK AND MITHUN
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1 Introduction and scope of swine farming in the country
Demography of swine population
Dr. S. Kanungo,
Dr. K. Behera &
Dr. J. Bagh
2 Selection and breeding techniques in swine; Important breeds
(exotic and indigenous) & their characteristics
3-4 Housing and feeding of swine
5
Management of different categories of swine for optimal
production: breeding and pregnant sows; sows at farrowing and
after farrowing
6 Management of different categories of swine for optimal
production: piglets, growing stock, lactating sows, feedlot stock
7 Equine population of India; Horses, donkeys and mules and their
utility
8 Colors and markings. Identification of breeds of horses
9 Dentition and ageing of horses 10 Care and routine management of equines including grooming,
13
saddling and exercise 11 Stable and its management
12 Vices of horses
13 Foot care and shoeing care
14 Feeding routine for horse, donkeys and mules
15 Care of stallion, Mating of horses, brood mare and its care 16 Foaling and care of newborn. Breeding mules 17 Care of race horses and preparing horses for show
18 Doping and its detection
19 Colic and its prevention
20 Common breeds of camel in India and their utility, peculiarities in
camel
21 Feeding schedule of camel, rutting symptoms in camel; Vices of
camel
22 Care of breeding in camel, pregnancy and parturition of camel 23 Population statistics and utility, peculiarities of yak
24
Feeding and breeding of Mithun or Yaks. Yak x cattle crossing,
hybrids from Mithun or Yaks and their adaptation to high altitude,
milk composition of Mithun or Yaks
14
COURSE BREAK UP-PRACTICALS UNIT-1 GENERAL LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT Teacher
1 General introduction of the Institute animal farm Dr. K. Behera
2 Identification of common tools used on animal farm Dr. K. Behera
3 Familiarization with body points of animals Dr. K. Behera
4 Methods of identification (marking, tattooing, branding,
tagging and electronic chip under pre emptive analgesia) Dr. K. Behera
5 Use of rope for knot and halter making Dr. K. Behera 6 Dentition and ageing of animals Dr. K. Behera 7 Preparation of animals for show and judging Dr. K. Behera 8 Selection and culling of animals Dr. K. Behera 9 Preparation of project proposal Dr. K. Behera
UNIT-2 FODDER PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION
1 Visit to the fodder farm Dr. K. Behera
2 Familiarization with the various types of fodders in the state
and India Dr. K. Behera
3 Familiarization with various fertilizers and manures Dr. K. Behera 4 Collection, preservation and storage of feed and fodder Dr. K. Behera
5 Damages or loss during transfer and storage; methods to
prevent them Dr. K. Behera
6 Cost of calculations of fodder production Dr. K. Behera 7 Livestock waste utilization and recycling Dr. K. Behera
UNIT-3 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT-RUMINANTS
1 Layout plans for different livestock houses Dr. K. Behera
2 Visit to different animal farms and Identification of various
breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep and Goat Dr. K. Behera
3 Humane handling and restraining of cattle, buffalo, sheep and
Goat Dr. K. Behera
4 Clipping, shearing, dipping, spraying and spotting sick
animals Dr. S. Kanungo
5 Determination of body weight using different measurements Dr. S. Kanungo
6 Familiarization with routine cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat
farm operations Dr. S. Kanungo
7 Milking of dairy animals Dr. K. Behera
8 Shearing of sheep Dr. K. Behera 9 Training of breeding males Dr. K. Behera
10 Detection of heat Dr. K. Behera
11 Identification and care of pregnant animals, care of neonatal
and young stock Dr. K. Behera
12 Economics of dairy, sheep or goat farm Dr. K. Behera UNIT-4 ZOO ANIMALS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1 Visit to nearby wildlife sanctuary, captive animals centres to
study care and management of these animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
2 To study housing of captive animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 3 To study feeds and feeding schedule of captive animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
4 Hygienic preparation, preservation and storage of feeds of
captive animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
5 Familiarization about restraining, handling and physical
examination of captive animals Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
UNIT-5 POULTRY PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1 Common breeds of poultry, different classes, Indian chickens Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
15
and other avian species breeds
2 Digestive and respiratory system of chicken Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 3 Male and female reproductive system Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 4 Quality changes in egg during storage Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
5 Economic traits of broilers
Economic traits of egg-type chicken and breeders Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
6 AI in poultry Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 7 Housing and design of a poultry farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 8 Poultry farm equipment and their classification Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 9 Brooding arrangement in broiler farms Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
10 Poultry feed ingredients and its quality assessment Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 11 Poultry feed preparations Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 12 Calculation of different economic indices of broiler farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 13 Calculation of economic indices of layer farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
14 Fundamentals in poultry Post-mortem examination for sample
collection. Collection and dispatch of samples for PM
examination
Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
15 Management during Summer, Winter and Rainy season Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 16 Automization in poultry farms (EC house) Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
UNIT-6 INCUBATION AND HATCHERY MANAGEMENT
1 Hatchery layout and design Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 2 Project report for establishing a broiler farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 3 Project report for establishing a layer farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra 4 Project report for establishing a breeder farm Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
5 Visit to commercial poultry farms or hatchery or feed mill
Visit to farms of other avian species Dr. L.M. Mohapatra
UNIT-7 LABORATORY OR RABBIT OR PET ANIMAL
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1 Identification of body parts and handling, weighing, sexing
and weaning of laboratory animals Dr. B. Panigrahi
2 Marking for identification of laboratory animals for purpose of
their individual recording Dr. B. Panigrahi
3 Computation, feeding schedule of balanced diet for high
breeding efficiency of laboratory animals Dr. B. Panigrahi
4 Maintenance of breeding records of laboratory animals Dr. B. Panigrahi
5 Prophylactic measures against common disease of laboratory
animals Dr. B. Panigrahi
6 Hygienic care and control of parasites; Shearing of rabbit Dr. B. Panigrahi 7 Feeding and Housing requirement and equipments for rabbit Dr. B. Panigrahi 8 Projects report for establishing of rabbit farm Dr. B. Panigrahi
9 Handling and restraining of dog, cat and pet bird and
equipments for pet animals and birds Dr. K. Behera
10 Brushing or grooming and bathing of dogs and cats Dr. K. Behera 11 Nail and tooth care, clipping of hairs for show purpose Dr. K. Behera 12 Care of pups, kitten and weaning Dr. K. Behera
UNIT-8 SWINE / EQUINE / CAMEL, YAK & MITHUN
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
1 Handling, restraining of swine, equines, camel Dr. G.P. Mohanty
2 Identification of pregnant animals, care during pregnancy,
isolation and care of farrowing sows and piglets Dr. G.P. Mohanty
3 Preparation of swine, equine for show and judging Dr. G.P. Mohanty 4 Economics of pig Dr. G.P. Mohanty
16
5 Routine inspection, tooth care and vaccination schedule Dr. S. Kanungo
6 Horse riding: walking, trotting, cantering and galloping Dr. S. Kanungo 7 Layout plans for sty, stables Dr. S. Kanungo
17
VETERINARY ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
1ST PROFESSIONAL YEAR, BVSC & AH
Credit Hours: 4+3
18
COURSE BREAK UP - THEORY
Unit - 1 (General)
Sl.
No.
Topic
1 Introduction to anatomy and branches of anatomy. Descriptive terms used in anatomy and
study of anatomical planes
2 Study of properties and structure of bone. Classification of skeletons.
3 Classification of bones with suitable examples and terms used in Osteology.
4 Introduction to Arthrology, classification of joints, different diarthrodial joints
5 Structure of diarthrodial joints and movements permitted. Introduction to Myology
6 Classification of muscles, etymology of muscles. Description of tendon, ligaments,
aponeurosis, synovial bursa and synovial sheath
7 Introduction to angiology. Structure of heart
8 General plan of systemic and pulmonary circulations, lymphatic and venous systems
9 Introduction to neurology and parts of central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system
and sense organs
10 Formation of spinal nerve and structure of meninges
11 Structure of brain, spinal cord
12 Different surface regions, joint regions, Palpable Bony areas or prominences of the body of
the animal. Palpable Lymph nodes and Arteries of the body and Surface veins for
Venipunctrure. Sites for collection of Bone marrow and Cerebrospinal fluid
13 Introduction to Splanchnology, boundaries of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
14 Topography of different organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and
female reproductive systems of domestic animals and fowl
15 Principles and application of Radiography and Ultrasound for bones and soft tissues
Unit - 2 (Forelimb)
Sl.
No.
Topic
1 Study of Scapula in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
2 Study of humerus in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
3 Study of Radius and Ulna in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
4 Study of Carpal in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
5 Study of metacarpal in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
6 Study of Phalanges (Hooves of ox and horse) of forelimb in cattle and their differences in
19
horse, dog, pig and fowl
7 Joints and ligaments of forelimb-I
8 Joints and ligaments of forelimb-II
9 Stay apparatus in horse
10 Extrathoracic branches of Axillary artery-I
11 Extrathoracic branches of Axillary artery-II
12 Venous system of forelimb
13 Lymphatic system of forelimb
14 Extrathoracic branches of Brachial plexus and Sites for Radial, Median, Ulnar and Volar
nerve blocks-I
15 Extrathoracic branches of Brachial plexus and Sites for Radial, Median, Ulnar and Volar
nerve blocks-II
Unit – 3 (Head and neck)
Sl.
No.
Topic
1 Study of cranial and facial bones-I
2 Study of cranial and facial bones-II
3 cervical vertebrae of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
4 Boundaries of the oral, orbital, nasal and cranial cavities
5 Study of paranasal sinuses in ox, horse, dog and pig
6 Study of articulations and special ligaments of the head and neck-I
7 Study of articulations and special ligaments of the head and neck-II
8 Muscles of face and mastication
9 Muscles of eye, ear, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid and larynx-I
10 Muscles of eye, ear, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid and larynx-II
11 Study of teeth, hard and soft palate, tongue, pharynx, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid and
salivary glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
12 Study of teeth, hard and soft palate, tongue, pharynx, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid and
salivary glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
13 Study of teeth, hard and soft palate, tongue, pharynx, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid and
salivary glands and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
14 Study of cranial nerves-I
15 Study of cranial nerves-II
16 Study of cranial nerves-III
17 Study of cranial nerves-IV
18 Blood vessels and lymph nodes of head and neck regions-I
19 Blood vessels and lymph nodes of head and neck regions-II
20 Study of boundaries of jugular furrow and structures of carotid sheath along with neck
muscles-I
21 Study of boundaries of jugular furrow and structures of carotid sheath along with neck
20
muscles-II
22 Study of sense organs-I
23 Study of sense organs-II
24 Study of sense organs-III
25 Study of sense organs-IV
26 Study of trachea
27 Study of oesophagus
28 Age determination by Dentition
29 Sites for Tracheotomy, Esophagotomy, Ligation of Stensons duct and Mental,
Mandibular, Maxillary , Cornual, Infraorabital , Supraorbital (frontal) , Orbital and
Auriculopalpebral nerve blocks
30 Surgical approach to guttural pouches in horse. Importance of Cornual nerve and
superficial Temporal artery in Amputation of Horn in cattle
Unit – 4 (Thorax)
Sl.
No.
Topic
1 Thoracic vertebra and ribs in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
2 Sternum in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
3 Joints and ligaments of vertebral column, sternum and ribs
4 Intrathoracic branches of Axillary artery
5 Intrathoracic branches of Brachial plexus
6 Lymph vessels and nodes of thorax and study of trachea
7 Study of thymus and oesophagus
8 Study of lungs in cattle and their differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
9 Study of pleura, its reflections and mediastinum
10 Areas of auscultation and percussion of heart and lungs and site for Paracentesis Thoracis
Unit – 5 (Abdomen)
Sl.
No.
Topic
1 Study of bones of abdomen of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl. Study of
joints, special ligaments, blood vessels, nerves of abdomen region
21
2 Blood supply to abdominal viscera
3 Nerve supply to abdominal viscera
4 Study of peritoneal reflections
5 Organs of digestive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
6 Organs of digestive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
7 Organs of digestive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
8 Organs of urinary system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
9 Organs of male reproductive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
10 Organs of female reproductive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
11 Organs of female reproductive system of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
12 Study of mammary glands in cow and differences in mare, bitch and sow
13 Study of spleen of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl
14 Study of major veins, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and endocrine glands of abdomen.
15 Boundaries and Clinical importance of the flank and Para-Lumbar fossa. Sites for Liver
,Gall Bladder and Caecal Biopsies, Laparotomy, Rumenocentesis ,Rumenotomy,
abomasotomy, spleenectomy, Cystotomy , Caesarean Operation , enterotomy, and
paravertebral block
Unit – 6 (Hind limb and pelvis)
Sl.
No.
Topic
1 Study of bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
2 Study of bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
3 Study of bones of hind limb and pelvis of ox and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
4 Study of joints and ligaments of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera
5 Study of blood vessels of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-I
6 Study of blood vessels of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-II
7 Study of blood vessels of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-III
8 Study of lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-I
9 Study of lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb, pelvis and tail region and pelvic viscera-II
10 Organs of digestive, urinary, male and female reproductive systems present in pelvic cavity
and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
11 organs of digestive, urinary, male and female reproductive systems present in pelvic cavity
and differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
12 Boundaries of the inguinal canal and structures of the spermatic cord and its importance,
structures of the pre pubic tendon and its importance
13 Study of Male external genital organs
14 Study of Female external genital organs
15 Sites for Tibial, Peroneal, Plantar and Pudic nerve blocks, Patellar desmotomy,
Urethrotomy, Castration, Vasectomy, cranial and caudal epidural anaesthesia-I
22
Unit – 7 (Histology)
Sl.
No.
Topic
1 Cytology-I
2 Cytology-II
3 Cell junctions
4 Study of basic tissues i.e. epithelial tissues
5 Study of basic tissues i.e. connective tissue
6 Study of basic tissues i.e. muscular tissues
7 Study of basic tissues i.e. nervous tissues
8 Study of blood and bone marrow
9 Study of microscopic structures of digestive system-I
10 Study of microscopic structures of digestive system-II
11 Study of microscopic structures of digestive system-III
11 Study of microscopic structures of circulatory system
12 Study of microscopic structures of urinary system
13 Study of microscopic structures of respiratory system-I
14 Study of microscopic structures of respiratory system-II
15 Study of microscopic structures of nervous system-I
16 Study of microscopic structures of nervous system-II
17 Study of microscopic structures of lymphatic system-I
18 Study of microscopic structures of lymphatic system-II
19 Study of microscopic structures of endocrine system-I
20 Study of microscopic structures of endocrine system-II
21 Study of microscopic structures of male genital system
22 Study of microscopic structures of female genital system-I
23 Study of microscopic structures of female genital system and mammary gland-II
24 Study of microscopic structure of sense organs i.e. eye, ear and integument-I
25 Study of microscopic structure of sense organs i.e. eye, ear and integument-II
Unit – 8 (Embryology)
Sl. No. Topic
1 Introduction to embryology and gametogenesis
2 Fertilization, cleavage, types of eggs, morula and blastulation
3 Gastrulation, types of implantation and twinning
4 Formation of foetal membranes in mammals and birds
5 Placenta and its classification and different germ layers and their derivatives
23
6 Development of organs of digestive system-I
7 Development of organs of digestive system-II
8 Development of accessory organs of digestive system (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver
and pancreas)
9 Study of development of organs of respiratory system
10 Study of development of organs of urinary system
11 Study of development of organs of circulatory and lymphatic system
12 Study of development of organs of nervous system
13 Study of development of organs of musculoskeletal, male and female reproductive systems
14 Development of endocrine glands
15 Development of sense organs i.e. eye and ear
COURSE BREAK UP-PRACTICALS
Unit – 1 (General)
Sl
No.
Topic
1 Study of general terms used in anatomy, study of anatomical planes
2 Study of different parts of skeleton, different surface and joint regions
3 Study of boundaries of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
4 Demonstration of different types of joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, synovial bursa and
synovial sheath
5 In situ demonstration of heart, meninges, brain and spinal cord-I
6 In situ demonstration of heart, meninges, brain and spinal cord-II
7 Boundaries of Thoracic, Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities and in situ demonstration of
organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and female reproductive
systems of domestic animals-I
8 Boundaries of Thoracic, Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities and in situ demonstration of
organs of digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, male and female reproductive
systems of domestic animals-II
9 Demonstration of different surface regions, joint regions and Palpable Bony areas or
prominences of the body of the animal , Common sites of fractures, Palpable Lymph nodes
and Arteries of the body ( ventral coccygeal artery in ox, femoral artery in dog and cat ,
facial artery in horse ) and Surface veins for Venipunctrure (cephalic vein and recurrent
tarsal vein in dog and cat , jugular vein in large animals) and Sites for collection of Bone
marrow and Cerebrospinal fluid
10 Visualization of Radiographs and ultrasound pictures of various organs and Fractures of
various bones
Unit – 2 (Fore limb)
24
Sl
No.
Topic
1 Demonstration of different bones of fore limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig
and fowl-I
2 Demonstration of different bones of fore limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig
and fowl-II
3 Demonstration of different bones of fore limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig
and fowl-III
4 Dissection of the fore limb-I
5 Dissection of the fore limb-II
6 Study of joints, ligaments, muscles, major blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of fore
limb-I
7 Study of joints, ligaments, muscles, major blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of fore
limb-II
8 Study of joints, ligaments, muscles, major blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of fore
limb-III
9 Study of joints, ligaments, muscles, major blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of fore
limb-IV
10 Study of sites for different nerves blocks/neurectomies in forelimb. Study of suprascapular
nerve paralysis-shoulder sweeny, radial nerve paralysis-capped elbow
11 Structure of the equine hoof and comparison with ox and Clinical importance of cephalic
vein for intravenous injections in dog
12 Demonstration of radiographs of normal bones of fore limb-I
Unit – 3 (Head and Neck)
Sl
No.
Topic
1 Demonstration of cranial and facial bones-I
2 Demonstration of cranial and facial bones-II
3 Demonstration of cranial and facial bones-III
4 cervical vertebrae of ox and comparison with horse, dog and fowl
5 Dissection of muscles of face, mastication, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid, larynx, eye
and ear-I
6 Dissection of muscles of face, mastication, tongue, pharynx, soft palate, hyoid, larynx, eye
and ear-II
7 Dissection of muscles of Neck and ligamentum nuchae
8 Dissection of brain and its parts-I
9 Dissection of brain and its parts-II
10 Dissection/demonstration of tunics of eye
11 Study of teeth, tongue, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid and salivary glands and differences in
horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
12 Study of teeth, tongue, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid and salivary glands and differences in
horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
13 Study of cranial nerves, and blood vessels of head and neck regions-I
14 Study of cranial nerves, and blood vessels of head and neck regions-II
15 Study of cranial nerves, and blood vessels of head and neck regions-III
16 Study of trachea and oesophagus
25
17 Study of nerve blocks of the head i.e cornual, auriculo-palpebral, Peterson’s orbital nerve
block, mandibulo-alveolar and mental nerve blocks; Importance of facial artery for
recording pulse in horse. Surgical importance of Stenson’s duct in domestic animals;
Surgical approach to guttural pouches-Viborg’s triangle. Clinical importance of jugular
vein for intravenous injections in large animals
18 Demonstration of radiographs of normal bones of head and neck
Unit – 4 (Thorax)
Sl
No.
Topic
1 Demonstration of thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum of ox and comparison with horse,
dog, pig and fowl-I
2 Demonstration of thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum of ox and comparison with horse,
dog, pig and fowl-II
3 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of thorax-I
4 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of thorax-II
5 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes of thorax-III
6 Demonstration of organs of thorax i.e. trachea, oesophagus, thymus, lungs and heart and
differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
7 Demonstration of organs of thorax i.e. trachea, oesophagus, thymus, lungs and heart and
differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-II
8 Demonstration of organs of thorax i.e. trachea, oesophagus, thymus, lungs and heart and
differences in horse, dog, pig and fowl-III
9 Study of pleural reflections of thoracic cavity and Demonstration of sites for auscultation
and percussion; Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis-roaring in horses. Choke /
oesophageal obstruction
10 Demonstration of radiographs and videos of ultrasonography of organs of thorax
Unit – 5 (Abdomen)
Sl
No.
Topic
1 Demonstration of bones forming boundaries of abdomen of ox and comparison with horse,
dog, pig and fowl
2 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels and nerves of abdomen-I
3 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels and nerves of abdomen-II
4 Demonstration of peritoneum, omentum, mesentry and organs of digestive, urinary, male
and female reproductive systems present in abdomen and differences in horse, dog, pig and
fowl-I
5 Demonstration of peritoneum, omentum, mesentry and organs of digestive, urinary, male
and female reproductive systems present in abdomen and differences in horse, dog, pig and
fowl-II
6 Demonstration of peritoneum, omentum, mesentry and organs of digestive, urinary, male
and female reproductive systems present in abdomen and differences in horse, dog, pig and
fowl-III
7 Demonstration of mammary glands of cow, mare, bitch and sow and Demonstration of
major veins, lymph vessels and lymph nodes of abdomen
26
8 Topographic location of abdominal viscera of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and
fowl. Demonstration of sites for laparotomy, caesarean section, ovario-hysterectomy,
catheterization of urinary bladder and sites for paravertebral and epidural anaesthesia
9 Demonstration of Boundaries and Clinical importance of the flank and Para Lumbar
Fossa,Sites for Liver ,Gall Bladder and Caecal Biopsies, Laparotomy,Rumenocentesis
,Rumenotomy,abomasotomy, spleenectomy Cystotomy , Caesarean Operation,
catheterization of urinary bladder and enterotomy and paravertebral block
10 Demonstration of radiographs and videos of ultrasonography of organs of abdomen
Unit – 6 (Hind limb and pelvis)
Sl
No.
Topic
1 Demonstration of bones of hind limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and fowl-I
2 Demonstration of bones of hind limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and fowl-
II
2 Demonstration of bones of hind limb of ox and comparison with horse, dog, pig and fowl-
III
3 Demonstration of joints and ligaments of hind limb and pelvis-I
4 Demonstration of joints and ligaments of hind limb and pelvis-II
5 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb and pelvic
cavity-I
6 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb and pelvic
cavity-II
7 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb and pelvic
cavity-III
8 Dissection of muscles, blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves of hind limb and pelvic
cavity-IV
9 Demonstration of peritoneal reflections of pelvic cavity and organs of digestive, urinary,
male and female reproductive systems in pelvic cavity and differences in horse, dog, pig
and fowl-I
10 Demonstration of peritoneal reflections of pelvic cavity and organs of digestive, urinary,
male and female reproductive systems in pelvic cavity and differences in horse, dog, pig
and fowl-II
11 Study of Male and female external genital organs
13 Demonstration of radiographs of normal bones and videos of ultrasonography of organs of
pelvis
14 Clinical importance of recurrent tarsal vein for intravenous injections in dog.
Demonstration of Sites for Tibial, Peroneal, Plantar and Pudic nerve blocks, Patellar
desmotomy, Urethrotomy, Castration, Vasectomy and cranial and caudal epidural
anaesthesia; Clinical importance of femoral artery to record pulse in dog.
Unit – 7 (Histology)
Sl
No.
Topic
1 Microscopy and micrometry, Comparison of light and electron microscopy
2 Histological techniques, processing of tissues for paraffin sectioning and haematoxylin and
27
eosin staining-I
3 Histological techniques, processing of tissues for paraffin sectioning and haematoxylin and
eosin staining-II
4 Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-I
5 Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-II
6 Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-III
7 Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-IV
8 Microscopic examination of epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
and blood-V
9 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-I
10 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-II
11 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-III
12 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-IV
13 Microscopic examination of organs of digestive system-V
14 Microscopic examination of organs of circulatory system
15 Microscopic examination of organs of urinary system, Microscopic examination of
organs of respiratory system
16 Microscopic examination of organs of lymphatic system
17 Microscopic examination of organs of endocrine system
18 Microscopic examination of organs of male genital system
19 Microscopic examination of organs of female genital system-I
20 Microscopic examination of organs of female genital system-II
21 Microscopic examination of sensory organs of domestic animals-I
22 Microscopic examination of sensory organs of domestic animals-II
Unit – 8 (Embryology)
Sl
No.
Topic
1 Demonstration of Placenta, umbilical cord and foetal membranes of different domestic
animals-I
2 Demonstration of Placenta, umbilical cord and foetal membranes of different domestic
animals-II
3 Demonstration of congenital anomalies of domestic animals as per availability-I
4 Demonstration of congenital anomalies of domestic animals as per availability-II
5 Demonstration of congenital anomalies of domestic animals as per availability-III
6 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-I
7 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-II
8 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-III
9 Study of slides of developing organs of different systems as per the availability-IV
28
29
VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY
1ST PROFESSIONAL YEAR, BVSC & AH
Credit Hours: 4+1
30
COURSE BREAK UP - THEORY
UNIT- 1
BLOOD
1st class- Introduction to Blood- properties of blood as a body fluid
2nd class- Metabolism and fate of R.B.C
3rd class- Hemoglobin-chemical structure, synthesis, physiological functions
4th class- Derivatives of hemoglobin
5th class- Haemorrhage haemostasis
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1st class- Heart- morphological characteristic, systemic excitability conduction and transmission
processes.
2nd class- Cardiac Cycle
3rd class- Regulation of cardiac output
4th class- Coronary circulation
5th class- Properties of pulse; metabolism and energetic of working myocardial cell, extrinsic and
intrinsic regulation.
6th class- Electrocardiograph and its significance in Veterinary Sciences
7th class- Echocardiography
8th class- Haemodynamics of circulation
9th class- Circulatory mechanics, resistance to flow, vasoconstriction, nervous and circulating
fluid volume controls of blood pressure,
10th class- Neurohormonal control of vascular smooth muscle.
11th class- Circulatory controls- shock stresses,
12th class- Regional and fetal circulation.
13th class- Capillary exchange, control of blood pressure.
14th class- Adjustment of circulation during exercise.
MUSCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS
1st class- Muscle Physiology-basic muscle unit characteristic
2nd class- Electrical phenomenon in muscle cell - muscle action potential,
3rd class- Excitation and propagation of impulse characteristics- latent period refractiveness
31
4th class- Threshold level-all and none characteristics
5th class- Contractile mechanism - excitation - contraction coupling- neuro-muscular
transmission types of muscle contraction
6th class- Phenomenon of fatigue and rigor mortis
7th class- Organization of nervous system
8th class- Mechanism of information processing, hierarchical control.
9th class- Major function system- sensory, consciousness, emotion, motor and visceral control
10th class- basic functional unit – neuron structure
11th class- Type functional characteristics of sub-units of neuron.
12th class-Membrane potential -ionic basis of resting membrane potential (RMP) nerve action
potential
13th class-Excitation and propagation of impulse characteristics- latent period- refractive-ness,
threshold level-all and none characteristics.
14th class- Degeneration and regeneration of nerve fibre.
15th class- Synaptic and junctional transmission.
16th class- Functions of nervous system-reflexes-control of posture and movements
17th class- Autonomic nervous system and visceral control
18th class- Neurotransmitter wakefulness, sleep cycle.
19th class- Higher function of neurons system - learning, memory, electroencephalography.
20th class- Sense organs and receptors physiology of special senses- Eye: functional
morphology, nourishment and protection neural pathway receptors- optics, ocular
muscles and movements, photochemistry,
21st class- Vision defects Ear: Physiology of hearing and common hearing impairment. Vestibule
apparatus.
22nd class- Physiology of olfaction and taste
UNIT-2
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1st class- Morphological characteristic of mono gastric and poly gastric digestive system.
2nd class- Prehension, rumination; defecation
3rd class-Vomition; regulation of secretory function of saliva, stomach, intestine, pancreas; bile
secretion
4th class- Hunger, appetite control developmental aspects of digestion
5th class- Luminous, membranous and microbial digestion in rumen and intestine
32
6th class- Permeability characteristics of intestine, forces governing absorption,
7th class- Control intestinal transport of electrolyte and water
8th class- Enzymatic digestion in monogastric
9th class- Fermentative digestion in rumen, modification of toxic substances in rumen
10th class- Digestion in birds
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1st class- Functional morphology of respiratory apparatus.
2nd class- Mechanics of breathing
3rd class- Transport of blood gases, foetal and neonatal oxygen transport
4th class- Dissociation curves, pressures, recoil tendency
5th class- Elasticity, surfactants, pleural liquid, compliance
6th class- Exchanges of gases in lungs and tissues, neural and chemical regulation of breathing,
diffusion, perfusion, hypoxia.
7th class- Frictional resistance to air flow, airways smooth muscle contraction, respiratory muscle
work, panting, adaptation of respiration during muscle exercise, high altitude hypoxia,
Non-respiratory lung functions.
8th class- Respiration in birds
UNIT-3
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
1st class- Kidney- Functional morphology of nephrons
2nd class - Factors determining filtration pressure, determination of glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) and renal plasma flow
3rd class- Re-absorption mechanisms for glucose, protein, amino acids, electrolytes; ammonium
mechanism,
4th class - Glomerulo-tubular balance,
5th class - Methods of studying renal functions
6th class - Urine concentration
33
7th class - Micturition, uremia. Fluid, water balance, fluid therapy, dehydration, water
concentration mechanisms.
8th class - Acid base balance and H+ regulation, correction and evolution of imbalances, total
osmotic pressure.
9th class - Formation and excretion of urine of Birds.
10th class - Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluids - composition, formation and flow
11th class - Joints
12th class - Regulation of bone metabolism and homeostasis.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
1st class - Hormone cell interaction, sub-cellular mechanisms-metabolism of hormones
2nd class - Methods of study of endocrine system;
3rd class - Receptors- mechanism of regulation
4th class- Chemistry of hypothalamo- hypophyseal hormones, target organ
5th class- Pineal, thyroid, thymus
6th class- Pancreas
7th class- Adrenal
8th class- Prostaglandins
9th class- Hormones of calcium metabolism, disorders
10th class- Rennin-angiotensin system
11th class- Atrial natriuretic factors, erythropoietin, GI hormones, pheromones.
UNIT-4
REPRODUCTION
1st class- Genetic and endocrine control of gonadal development
2nd class- Modification of gonadotrophin release
3rd class- Ovarian functions, follicular development, dynamics
4th class- Endocrine and receptor profiles
34
5th class- Sexual receptivity, ovarian cycle
6th class- Post-partum ovarian activity
7th class- Ovum transport
8th class- Capacitation
9th class- Fertilization
10th class- Reproductive cycles in farm animals
11th class- Hormones present in the biological fluids during pregnancy and their uses for the
diagnosis of pregnancy
12th class- Maternal foetal placental participation in pregnancy
13th class- Parturition
14th class- Immunology of gestation
15th class- Preparturient endocrine status
16th class- Spermatogenic cycle and wave
17th class- Function of sertoli cell-leydig cell
18th class- Semen - composition- evaluation
19th class- Testosterone - function and regulation
20th class- Cryptorchidism.
21st class- Puberty and Photoperiod
22nd class- Uses of androgens, progestogens, estrogens.
LACTATION
1st class- Functional and metabolic organization of mammary glands - structure and development
2nd class- Effect of estrogens and progesterone
3rd class- Hormonal control of mammary growth
4th class- Lactogenesis and galctogenesis
5th class- Biosynthesis of milk constituents- secretion of milk, and metabolism, prolactin and
lactation cycle.
35
GROWTH
1st class- Biochemical and genetic determinants of growth, regulation of growth, metabolic and
hormone interactions
2nd class- Factors affecting efficiency of growth and production in ruminants and single
stomach animals.
3rd class- Growth in meat producing animals and birds, growth curves.
4th class- Recombinant gene transfer technologies for growth manipulation - advantages and
limitations.
5th class - Protein deposition in animals and poultry.
ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
1st class- Heat balance, heat tolerance, hypothermia, hyperthermia,
2nd class- Thermo-regulation in farm animals, role of skin, responses of animals to heat and cold
3rd class- Fever, body temperature and hibernation.
4th class- Temperature regulation in birds.
5th class- Climatology- various parameters and their importance.
6th class- Effect of different environmental variables like temperature,
7th class- Humidity, light, radiation, altitude on animal performance.
8th class- Acclimation, acclimatization - general adaptive syndrome.
9th class- Clinical aspects of endocrine - reproductive functions, circadian rhythm.
10th class- Neurophysiology of behaviours, types of behaviour, communication
11th class- Learning and memory behavioural plasticity.
36
COURSE BREAK UP-PRACTICALS
UNIT-1 (BLOOD, CARDIOVASCULAR, MUSCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS)
1st class- Collection of blood, separation of serum and plasma, Preservation of blood.
2nd class- Bleeding time and clotting time.
3rd class- Enumeration of Erythrocyte.
4th class- Enumeration of Leucocyte.
5th class- Differential Leucocytic Count. Platelet count.
6th class- Estimation of Hemoglobin.
7th class- Determination of Packed Cell Volume, Determination of Erythrocyte sedimentation
rate.
8th class- Blood grouping.
9th class- Measurement of arterial blood pressure.
10th class- Recording of ECG
11th class- Erythrocyte fragility and viscosity.
12th class- Recording of cardiogram of frog heart- Study the effect of heat and cold on heart —
effect of vagus stimuli on heart, vagal escape — factors affecting blood flow through
blood vessels
UNIT-2 (RESPIRATION AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS)
1st class- Counting of rumen motility.
2nd class- Estimation of volatile fatty acids and ammonia in rumen.
3rd class- Bacterial and protozoa count.
4th class- In-vitro action of proteolytic enzymes — pepsin and trypsin.
5th class- Experimental physiology: Pithing of frog, preparation of nerve muscle.
6th class- Recording of twitch response, effect of single stimulus.
7th class- effect of heat and cold.
8th class- Fatigue - summation, tetanus.
9th class- Recording of respiration, spirometry. Recording of volume and capacities in different
physiological states
10th class- Determination of vital capacities. Recording of rumen/intestinal movements
(Demonstration)
37
UNIT-3 (EXCRETORY AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS)
1st class- Urine analysis-physiological constituents, pathological determinates
2nd class- Determination of Glomerular Filteration Rate
3rd class- Titerable acidity
4th class- Determination of inorganic phosphorus
5th class- Urine ammonia nitrogen and creatinine in urine
6th class- Recording of rumeno-intestinal movements (Demonstration)
7th class- Bioassay for tropic hormone
8th class- Demonstration of hormone estimation
UNIT-4 (REPRODUCTION, LACTATION, GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PHYSIOLOGY)
1st class - Oestrus and phases of oestrous cycle in animals (vaginal mucus)
2nd class - Behavioural signs of oestrus
3rd class - Sperm motility
4th class - Sperm concentration
5th class - Live and dead
6th class - Abnormal sperm count
7th class - Measurement of growth in various species
8th class - Measuring surface area of animals
9th class - Health parameters of animals- body temperature, pulse, respiration and heart rate
10th class - Measurement of animal environmental conditions
11th class- Behaviour of animals - mating behavior, feeding behaviour (live or video
graphicorcomputer simulated demonstration)