SWAFEA Results and outcomes overview Future Transport Fuels conference Brussels, April 13th, 2011 Sustainable Way for Alternative Fuel and Energy in Aviation A study funded by the European Commission (DGMOVE) Philippe Novelli (ONERA) Presented by Nicolas Jeuland (IFPEN) This presentation has been produced by the SWAFEA team, led by ONERA, acting on behalf of DG Mobility and Transport. The contents or any views expressed herein have not been adopted or in any way approved by the European Commission and should not be relied upon as a statement of the Commission's or DG Mobility and Transport's views.
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SWAFEA Results and outcomes overview Future Transport Fuels conference Brussels, April 13th, 2011 Sustainable Way for Alternative Fuel and Energy in Aviation.
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SWAFEAResults and outcomes overview
Future Transport Fuels conferenceBrussels, April 13th, 2011
Sustainable Way for Alternative Fuel and Energy in AviationA study funded by the European Commission (DGMOVE)
Philippe Novelli (ONERA) Presented by Nicolas Jeuland (IFPEN)
This presentation has been produced by the SWAFEA team, led by ONERA, acting on behalf of DG Mobility and Transport. The contents or any views expressed herein have not been adopted or in any way approved by the
European Commission and should not be relied upon as a statement of the Commission's or DG Mobility and Transport's views.
The SWAFEA study
• A study for the European Commission DG MOVE February 2009 – April 2011
• Purpose : "Feasibility Study and Impact Assessment on the Use of Alternative Fuels for Aviation"
Comparative assessment of the possible options
Possible vision and roadmap for deployment
Ultimate goal: information and decision elements for policy makers
• Multidisciplinary approach: suitability, sustainability and economics
EMBRAER, ERDYN, IATA, INERIS, IFP, ONERA, PLANT RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, ROLLS-ROYCE, SHELL, SNECMA, University of Sheffield
Context
• European policy for climate change mitigation– European Directive for the Use of Renewable Energy Sources
10% of renewable energy in transport in 2020 – Aviation inclusion in Emission Trading Scheme from 2012
• Aviation sector environmental concern Industry emissions reduction targets ICAO's resolution on climate change
+ Developing threat to air transportation– Jet fuel price ≤ 30% operating costs– Security of supply
Study overview
*Fuels technical assessment
State of the Art
On-board renewableEnergy sources
Environmental & societalimpact
Business case
Conclusions&DemonstrationProposal
Roadmap
Fuelsselection
April 2009Brussels StakeholdersConference & Workshops
15/16 July 2010Münich StakeholdersConference & Workshops
9/10 February 2011International ConferenceToulouse
1. Fuel technical assessmentWhich fuels for aviation?
• Aviation specific fuel conditions of use– Altitude Low temperature properties
– Payload/range : constraint on mass and volume Energy content & density
– Turbojet combustion and system requirements Composition, viscosity, thermal stability,….
– Handling & Safety volatility, flash point, conductivity,…
The fuel has to be approved to international standards by all stakeholders Fuel specification
Common ground transportation biofuels not appropriate
• Aircraft and infrastructure:– Very long life cycles (> 30 years)– Worldwide operation Focus on “drop-in” fuel– Cost
• In 3 years, move from "technical feasibility" to "deployment issue"
• No commercial deployment yet– Limited fuel production– Flight demonstrations over the last 3 years– Announced projects for demonstration on commercial routes
20102009 201320122011
Fischer-Tropschapproved
HRJapproved
Additional processes under consideration
ASTM approval process D4054
1. Fuel technical assessmentRecent evolution
1. Fuel technical assessmentDirections of work in SWAFEA
What’s beyond currently approved fuel?
•Focus on potentially "drop-in" fuels– Increased flexibility in SPK specifications
• Actual biofuel potential for LCA emissions reductions
• Current issues:
– Indirect Land Use change (iLUC) No answer today
– Methodological issues Possible impacts of methodology, ex: allocation for co-products Quantitative values affected but general tendencies preserved (ex: PARTNER) Issue:
• When regulations enforce emissions reduction thresholds• With view to environmental certification Harmonisation would help
• Purpose: "potential" biomass availability for biofuel production "Traditional" biomass: agriculture, forestry and residues
2. Sustainability Biomass availability
• Methodology: Simulation of possible agriculture production
Land availability
Realistic production data
Sustainable production scenario
Yields: historical increasephysiological maximum
Demography
Diet evolutionFood demand
Sustainability criteria:• Food priority • No deforestation & biodiversity• Grazing land preservation (max use 70%)• LUC control perennial only on grazing land
• Energy demand / Energy biomass availability in 2050
• Aviation target in 2050– 50% reduction / 2005: 24.4 EJ/y Use of 76% of total biomass
– "Carbon neutral growth at 2020 level": 16.7 EJ/y Use of 52% of total biomass
58 EJ/y of biofuel in transport 88 EJ/y available for other non food use of biomass (96 EJ/y in IEA "Blue Map") EU27 could produce 38% of the aviation biofuels uplifted in its territory