Surface water pollution

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Introduction

Surface Water Pollution

The Yamuna River

Pollution in River

River Contamination

Preventions And Control

Reference

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The biggest major rivers of India are:→Flowing into the Bay of Bengal: Brahmaputra, Ganges, Meghna, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri→Flowing into the Arabian Sea: Indus, Narmada, Tapti

→Surface Water is water collecting on the ground or in a stream, river, lake, wetland, or ocean→A River is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river.

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There are three types of water pollution in river:i. Nutrient-basedii. Chemicaliii. Thermal

i. Nutrient-based Pollution Includes untreated human

sewage and agricultural run-off from phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers, serve as food for phytoplankton.

The river will gradually become eutrophified(oxygen-depleted)

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ii. Chemical Pollution Include heavy metals (zinc,

copper, chromium, lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic)

These substances bioaccumulationsiii. Thermal pollution

Includes numerous nuclear, coals or oil based power plants.

The heated waste water raises the water temperature

Another pollution is municipal sewage.

Burned coal ashes aoe flown affecting plants and human work.

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→Also known as Jamuna

→Total length of around 1370 km

is the largest tributary of the

ganges.

→Its source is at yamunotri in the

uttarakhand himalaya regions.

→It flows through the state of

Uttaranchal, Haryana, Delhi

And Uttar Pradesh

→It is no more a, “Maili Yamuna

But A Ganda Naalah”.

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•Agricultural residues, insecticides and pesticides

•People wash their clothes, utensils and defecate

•There are three main sources of pollution in the river

a. Households and municipal disposal sites

b. Soil erosion resulting

c. Chemical wash-off

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Haryana

a.Industrial effluents and untreated

sewage

b.Moderate levels of toxic metals

(nickel, lead, manganese, chromium,

mercury, zinc)

c.Contaminated water reaches the soil,

the vegetables growing in this soil

absorb the contaminants

d.The concentration of heavy metals

was found to be the highest in spinach,

followed by cauliflower and the least in

radish.

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Delhi

a.Discharges about 3,684 MLD (million liters per day) of

sewage through18 drains

b.Factories and people living in colonies, slums and rural

pollute the river with impunity because of untreated

water.

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Yamuna in Delhi is called dead river

Making vegetables hazardous to health

Causing cancer and skin problem

Releases Ammonia gas causes difficulty in breathing and

a permanent damage to lungs

Releases Hydrogen Sulphide gas (H2S) causes bronchitis,

asthma and headache

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Sudden deaths of about 156 Gharials in river Chambal

and thousands of fishes in the river between Vrindavan

and Mathura

Main cause of Eutrophication

The Delhi metro is losing its cool on the Yamuna stretch

due to the toxic river.

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Not discharging untreated sewage

and other industrial waste

Not dumping solid wastes,

garbage and medical wastes

Not using river banks as open

toilets

Not disposing dead human

bodies/animal carcasses in rivers

Not quarrying sand

Not washing vehicles

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Reducing agricultural run-off

Preventing or treating industrial

discharges

Preventing or treating municipal sanitary

sewage discharges

Preventing or treating municipal storm

water discharges

Preventing or controlling resource

recovery in river channels

Controlling shipping (ballast, swage)

discharges

Controlling marina operations 

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Shepard Krech III, J.R. Mcneill, Carolyn Merchant (2003)

Encyclopedia Of World And Environmental History, Vol. 3,

1st Edition Routledge Publishers

M. G. Chitkara (1998) Encyclopedia Of Ecology,

Environment And Pollution, Ashish Publishing House

Yash Vardhan Jain Chetan Singh- Pollution In Yamuna

River PDF File

Central Pollution Control Board (Ministry of Environment

& Forests, Govt. Of India) (2006) Water Quality Status Of

Yamuna River (1999 – 2005) PDF File

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/

How_can_river_pollution_be_prevented

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