SURF SAFETY...LESSON SPECIFICS SURF SAFETY YEAR 7-8 PREPARATION FOR THIS UNIT IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU: – Contact your local Surf Life Saving Club to organise either a BeachEd

SURF SAFETYYEAR 7-8 CURRICULUM SPECIFIC

HEALTH & PE, ENGLISH, SOCIAL STUDIES, SCIENCE

Funding Partner

CURRICULUM SPECIFICS

SURF SAFETY YEAR 7-8

HEALTH & PE – LEVEL 4SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will –

– Describe Surf Lifeguard’s role, training, in relation to the contribution this makes to the well being of community members

– Investigate and describe New Zealand lifestyle factors that contribute to dangers at the beach

– Identify and describe hazards at the beach

– Demonstrate some first aid

– Make and explain safe choices in relation to beach safety

ENGLISH – LEVEL 4VIEWING AND PRESENTINGFunctions

– Viewing and Presenting

Processes

– Exploring language, Thinking critically, Processing Information

WRITTEN LANGUAGEFunction

– Writing

– Transactional writing

Function

– Reading

– Close reading

Processes

– Thinking critically, processing information

ORAL LANGUAGEFunctions

– Listening and speaking

– Interpersonal listening and speaking

Processes

– Thinking critically, processing information

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will –

– Use verbal and visual features to communicate how to keep safe at the beach

– Explain record and present rules to keep safe at the beach

– Write a job description for a surf life guard explaining their role at the beach

– Research and present information on surf related activities

– Listen to and interact with others sharing relevant ideas about keeping safe at the beach

SOCIAL STUDIES – LEVEL 4SOCIAL ORGANISATION

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will –

– Describe the role and function of Surf Lifeguards in our society and how they deal with challenges and crises.

SCIENCE – LEVEL 3PLANET EARTH AND BEYOND

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

Students will –

Investigate and describe the characteristics of rip currents and wave types.

2

LESSON SPECIFICS

SURF SAFETY YEAR 7-8

PREPARATIONFOR THIS UNIT IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU:

– Contact your local Surf Life Saving Club to organise either a BeachEd visit or a Surf Lifeguard to come and visit your classroom to talk about – their role, competition and surf lifesaving

– Contact your local first aid provider and invite a first aid instructor to demonstrate first aid for accidents at the beach and CPR.

(NB A suitably qualified Surf Lifeguard may have the skills to do both).

LESSON 1INTRODUCTION TO UNIT AND REVIEW OF 10 SURF SAFETY RULES

STARTER ACTIVITY

Either as a whole class or in groups view picture of beach [APPENDIX 1] Students to list all the safety features they can see.

PRE ASSESSMENT

Use the following group activities as a pre assessment. If students do not know the surf safety rules, or are unable to recognise Surf Lifeguard uniform or patrol flags refer to activities from Y5-6 unit plan.

GROUP ACTIVITIES

Use document ‘Jumbled messages’ [APPENDIX 28]

– Put students into small groups and provide them with the 10 jumbled statements of Surf Safety. They are to un-jumble them.

EXTRA ACTIVITY

Using either the computer or by hand, students:

– Create posters or signs to promote 10 Surf Safety rules

OR

– Create bumper stickers to promote 10 Surf Safety rules

– Setting Learning Intentions and Success Criteria with Students

– Discuss with students what they know as evidenced from the Pre Assessment activities

– Explain the Specific Learning Outcomes from the curriculum that you are focusing on

– Write your learning intentions together as a class

– Create success criteria together with students for these – how will they know when they have learned. You can choose to create a rubric displaying levels of understanding

– Display these throughout the unit and refer to them.

Suggestions for assessment activities for information seen as important by Surf Life Saving New Zealand

– Lesson 2: Role of a Surf Lifeguard

– Lesson 4: Recognition of types of waves

– Lesson 5: Identifying a rip.

LESSON 2ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A SURF LIFEGUARD

PREPARATION

Contact your nearest Surf Life Saving Club either for a BeachEd visit or invite a Surf Lifeguard into your classroom to talk to students about their role. Visit the Surf Life Saving New Zealand website: http://www.slsnz.org.nz/. If this is not possible get students to email a Surf Lifeguard with their questions and use the useful websites.

– Students are to research the role of a Surf Lifeguard [APPENDIX 19] with the purpose of writing a job description for a Surf Lifeguard.

– Open the Research Assignment [APPENDIX 29]

OR

Students are to write a newspaper article which will grab the attention of readers and highlight the importance of Surf Safety and the role Surf Lifeguards play in this. Students will need to:

– Carry out some research into the role and responsibilities of a lifeguard. Useful links

1. Professional surf lifesaver [APPENDIX 30] Read Article here

2. Patrolling Activities Document [APPENDIX 20] provides information on surf rescues

– Read other newspaper articles as a model to write from

– Write the newspaper article to cover the rescues below

1. One rescue was in the patrolled area

2. Five rescues were of swimmers who had entered the water outside the flagged area

3. Two rescues were performed on body boarders who had drifted off shore

– Start your article with the following sentence... At (name your local beach) during the weekend a number of rescues were performed by Surf Lifeguards...

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LESSON SPECIFICS

SURF SAFETY YEAR 7-8

LESSON 3WAVES

STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN AWARENESS OF

– What causes surf

– The three types of waves

– Dangers associated with wave types

Pose these questions to the class – Either have a quick brainstorm, or talk to neighbour, then record ideas.

– “What causes surf?”

– “What is a wave?”

– “How many types of waves do you know of?”

Display images and information on the three types of waves [APPENDIX 31].

AND/OR

1. Watch some video footage of wave types

– Open the ASR News website link here

– Scroll to the bottom of the page and click on ‘Peeling Wave’ and ‘Tube View’

2. Watch Video clips of waves at the beach

– Link here

Focus students on identifying different types of waves and seeing if they can identify what causes the different wave types i.e. the seabed contour.

Discuss What is the safest kind of wave at the beach for swimming? What are the dangerous wave types?

Why are they dangerous?

Students to

– Draw the safest type of wave for swimming and explain why it is

– Draw and explain the dangers of a dumping wave

– Find out what kind of waves are at your local beach – you may need to contact your local Surf Life Saving Club or organise a field trip to the beach.

LESSON 4SWIMMING SAFELY IN THE WAVESStudents to discuss with their neighbour their experiences swimming in waves e.g. being dumped, body surfing, strength of waves etc.

Class discussion How to safely swim in the waves?

Use ‘Swimming in Waves Document’ [APPENDIX 32]

Students to either draw or download and print out the images then create their own sequence and explanation of how to safely swim in the waves.

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY

Independent research on either body boarding or body surfing.

– Present a PowerPoint, poster, or research project on one of these focusing on the best type of wave to use, how to catch a wave, safety features, special equipment and some tips on the sport activity.

Useful websites

eHow – Body Surfing

Link here

eHow – Body Boarding

Link here

EXTENSION ACTIVITY

Students to write a weather report for their local beach and explain what the waves will be like.

Useful websites

Tide prediction

Link here

NIWA

Link to here

(Read the section on waves and shallow water)

LESSON 5RIP CURRENTS

STUDENTS EXPLORE

– What a rip is

– How to identify a rip

– What causes a rip

– What to do if you are caught in a rip

INTRODUCTION

Read the following article to students Death hides outside lifeguards warning flags [APPENDIX 8]

Discuss What is a rip? Definition – A rip is a body of water moving out to sea.

Display Rip Poster [APPENDIX 24] and discuss identifying features.

How to identify a rip

1. Calm patches in the surf with waves breaking each side

2. Rippled or criss-crossed water

3. Discoloured water

4. Foamy water

5. Adjacent sand bars

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LESSON SPECIFICS

SURF SAFETY YEAR 7-8

Introduce the idea of how important it is to recognise a rip and discuss

– What happens if you get caught in a rip

– How to escape from a rip

1. Don’t Panic

2. Raise your hand to alert Surf Lifeguards

3. Swim to the side, don’t swim against it

Explain the term feeder current and explain its meaning.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Link here

LESSON 6SIGNS AND FLAGS YOU SHOULD KNOWDisplay the Signs Document [APPENDIX 27]

Group the signs into the three categories

– Prohibition

– Warning

– Information

Note the shape and colour of each category.

Quiz with students on signs and flags

FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY

Students to design a sign to alert the public about where to surf safely.

LESSON 7BEACH FIRST AIDIn groups students to brainstorm a list of accidents that can happen at the beach. They are to report back to whole class.

Create a list. Your list should cover:

– Jelly fish stings

– Bleeding cuts

– Heat exhaustion

– Hypothermia

– Sand/foreign body in eye

Invite a suitably qualified provider of first aid into explain to students how to respond to the accidents they have listed.

GROUP ACTIVITY

Provide each group of students with a first aid kit and information on an accident from the list created. They are to act out the situation to the class and a practical demonstration of what treatment to use.

OR

Produce a set of instructions in the form of a pamphlet for dealing with this problem.

FOLLOW UP ACTIVITIES

Surf Safety puzzles [APPENDIX 33]

5

PONDER PICTURE – STUDY THE PICTURE TO SEE HOW PEOPLE ARE KEEPING SAFE AT THE BEACH

APPENDIX 1

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APPENDIX 8NZ HERALD – DEATH HIDES – BY CATHERINE MASTERS 24.01.2004

DEATH HIDES OUTSIDE THE FLAGSThe Muriwai lifeguards lean forward in the little wooden tower and point out at the surf. “See, if you look over there you can see a long shore current. And there, where it’s not breaking – see that bit of dirty water down there? – that’s it. That’s the rip.”The waves aren’t so big today, says a tanned and fit Emma Roberts. At just 22 she is a veteran surf lifeguard and the patrol captain.

On that terrible Saturday two weeks ago it was sunnier and hotter, but the waves were bigger, much bigger, and were packing a hell of a punch.

It was nearly 5pm and, she recalls, it was really hot. The soft black sand on the wild west coast beach was baking and 800 people had taken to the water.

The lifeguards spent much of the sweltering day herding the crowds between the bright red-and-yellow flags. It was only a 50-metre strip and a squash for swimmers and boogie boarders, but the flags were there for two good reasons.

To the south of them was a dangerous rip off the rocks, to the north a bigger, even more dangerous rip. Two calm patches of slightly dirty water lay among huge, frothy waves crashing whitely on the beach.

There had been a few first-aid dramas – a 10-year-old girl stung by a jellyfish had needed oxygen – but despite the big waves the 17 vigilant young volunteer lifeguards on duty had managed to avert any need for serious rescues. Preventative actions, they call it.

But the day was about to end in tragedy nevertheless, leaving an Avondale family numb with grief and the young lifeguard team physically exhausted and emotionally battered.

For them, the death of budding rugby star Francis Muao, 18, cast a shadow over the four other successful rescues they had made that early evening.

The first sign of serious trouble came at exactly two minutes to five. A man ran up to Emma as she stood, up to her knees in surf, on flag duty, blowing her whistle and signalling to swimmers drifting outside the flags to get back in.

He told her he had seen some people in difficulties and pointed north of the flags. Towards the big rip.

Emma called out to the two other lifeguards on flag duty – two young women, one her sister, Lauren, 18.

She did not know then how serious the trouble was, but she knew the beach. She grew up at Muriwai and has been a lifeguard there for eight years.

She had been thinking it might be time to close the beach for swimming, but it is not easy ordering 800 sometimes argumentative people out of the water, especially when older adults often think they know better than the youngsters advising them.

The tide was very low and still going out, and at low tide rips are even more dangerous. The water in a rip is like a river and can sweep even a strong swimmer out to sea.

The waves between the flags were rough and battering, but safer because their momentum rolled swimmers back towards the shore.

Things were getting out of hand. The waves were reaching 1.5m and the sheer number of swimmers was becoming uncontrollable.

Tracks from carparks up and down the beach lead down on to the sand and people were wandering into the water far away from the flags. And straight into the most dangerous waters.

Emma knew she had to move fast. “You think the drowning process takes a long time, but it’s just like a snap.”

Her sister Lauren and the other girl, Lucy Pengelly, were ready for action. On the beach, guards always carry their red rescue flotation tubes and fins. A quad bike was on standby.

Emma told the man to get on the bike with the girls and take them to where the trouble was. Lauren and Lucy were to swim out and bring anyone in trouble to shore.

Emma radioed the tower behind her, with its high vantage point over the beach, and told the guards there to scour the area with their binoculars.

Another two girls were already out in the water on patrol in an inflatable rescue boat. She radioed them to go to take a look, and she crossed the flags to let the public know the beach had been closed.

Ashlie Nobilo, just 17, was one of the girls in the boat. She and the driver, who has asked not to be named, wasted no time.

When they got near the rip, about 200m away from the flags, they saw a kayaker had fallen off and was in trouble. They headed towards him and saw Lauren and Lucy arriving.

But someone else was in the water, a swimmer who seemed to be in bigger trouble. Francis Muao.

He was “climbing the ladder” – lifeguard-speak for someone scrabbling desperately with their arms, trying to keep their head above water.

They left the kayaker for the swimmers and headed in the red inflatable towards Francis, bouncing and crashing over the waves. By now he was out past the rip on the outskirt of a hole.

“He was in the dump zone and was just getting pounded by continuous waves,” says Ashlie.

“We came around the first time and he was just out of my reach. I was leaning right over trying to reach him, but I couldn’t. Then a massive wave came so we had to circle out again.

CONTINUES NEXT PAGE...

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NZ HERALD – DEATH HIDES – BY CATHERINE MASTERS 24.01.2004

APPENDIX 8

CONTINUED...“The next time we came back and we just saw this forearm and hand sticking up.”

The other girl in the boat managed to grab his hand... but she couldn’t hold on and another wave battered them back.

They circled again and the girl was shouting, “Look for a hand, look for a hand”.

But he was gone.

Francis Muao’s family are still trying to make sense of what happened.

They were not there that day. They do not know why he was swimming in the danger zone, but they have heard one version of events which they believe fits his caring personality.

Francis had chosen not to go on a family outing that day but instead went to Muriwai with members of his church.

His mother and big brother, who did not want their first names used, said they had heard that fit, kind and strong Francis – who his big brother says would have made the All Blacks one day – may have gone into the water to help to rescue someone else.

But the details they have are frustratingly sketchy. No witnesses came forward.

A tear rolls down his mother’s face. “We think that’s why he’s gone. He saved someone. He was full of love.”

After Ashlie and the other girl lost sight of Francis they turned to check on Lauren, Lucy and the kayaker.

The kayaker had been dumped out of his kayak and hit by it. He was bleeding and Lucy had attached him to her rescue tube. Lucy and the kayaker were lifted into the boat and headed for the shore.

Lauren began diving to see if she could find the missing swimmer. She was joined by Lucy, who had jumped out of the boat carrying the kayaker. Lauren later told Emma the water was so murky it was impossible to see in front of her. After the kayaker had been dropped at the beach Emma and two others headed back into the surf. They knew by now there was little hope. They were looking for a body.

The search went on for hours. The tower guards telephoned an emergency list of helpers and the Westpac Rescue Helicopter was alerted.

Another two inflatables were launched. As Emma bounced through the surf she was shouting into the radio, asking the junior lifeguards to try to get everyone out of the treacherous water.

Soon, three boats were in the sea and the rescue helicopter was circling above.

About 40 minutes had gone by since the first alert.

The missing swimmer had not been seen for more than half an hour.

As the helicopter circled it was called away – to another incident at Bethells Beach, not far from Muriwai – and it was back in 20 minutes.

While the search was in full progress a woman slipped on wet rocks and guards from the tower had to grab a defibrilator, oxygen and a spinal board and race over to her.

Next, someone fainted in a carpark.

Emma finally ordered her boat ashore. Back on the beach a young man came up to her and said, “Are you looking for someone?”

“I said ‘Yes, are you missing someone?’ They said ‘Yeah’.”

Craig Johns had arrived at about 4.45 pm. The club swimming coach was not rostered on that day but had come down because of the low tides.

Within minutes he was out in an inflatable boat, discussing strategy with Emma. It was important to keep moving, he said. If you didn’t, you started seeing things.

The search was called off at around 7.30pm and back at the tower the mood was subdued.

Says Craig: “You come out of the automatic zone and think, ‘Wow, someone’s not here any more, that’s not right’.”

There was still more drama in store. At 7.45pm Craig saw three people in the water, playing in the other rip, the one by the rocks.

The three teenage boys were trying to get back to shore but the current was too strong. Craig tried to reach them but ended up standing in the same spot for 10 minutes, unable to get anywhere. In the end he led them to safety one by one.

They had no idea how close they came to being swept out – “didn’t say thank you, kept walking away when you were trying to talk to them. It’s pretty standard”.

Francis Muao’s body washed up a few days later. He was the first swimming death at Muriwai for nine years.

Ashlie Nobilo says she is doing okay after being so close to rescuing Francis but says his desperate face in the water will probably haunt her. She remembers him looking relieved to see them and calling out, “help, help”.

The next day Ashlie was back on duty and because the conditions were similar the guards closed the beach.

An older man did not like being ordered around by Ashlie and had a go at her, ignorant of what she and the others had endured the day before.

There have been 92 rescues at Muriwai and 260 at neighbouring Piha so far this summer.

Ashlie, who is about to leave for an outdoor recreation course in Timaru, has a request for beachgoers.

“Just listen to the guards,” she says. “There is a point.”

STAYING SAFE

* Don’t panic and struggle in a rip. Just float out of it.* Do put one arm into the air if in trouble.* Don’t take lilos to wild west coast beaches.* Do swim between the flags.* Do keep an eye on the shore in case you drift.* Don’t take your eyes off your children.

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ROLE OF THE SURF LIFEGUARD – ADAPTED FROM SURF LIFE SAVING BAY OF PLENTY

APPENDIX 19

DROWNING IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF ACCIDENTAL DEATH IN NEW ZEALAND FROM AGES 1 TO 34 – (NHIS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORTALITY AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 1994-1998).

Surf Lifeguards strive to prevent death by drowning by proactive patrolling techniques which include ‘preventative actions’ (preventing a potential life threatening situation) and saving lives through rescues.

As well as Rescues and Preventative Actions, Lifeguards are also called upon for medical emergencies / first aids, search and rescue operations and after hour call outs that occur in their area.

All Surf Lifesaving Clubs provide surf patrols on their beaches. The patrol is coordinated by the Patrol Captain, who is responsible for the coordination of ensuring the safety of beach goers.

Unlike untrained citizens who bravely or impulsively respond to an unexpected emergency, Lifeguards are specially prepared to prevent, anticipate, and respond to emergencies in and around the aquatic environment. Most Lifeguards will perform countless lifesaving acts with little recognition. It is, after all the basic job of a Lifeguard to help to ensure that those who visit New Zealand

beaches return home alive and uninjured. Not all accidents can be prevented, but well trained Lifeguards rescue hundreds of people from drowning each year, and perform many times that number of preventative actions to intervene before emergencies develop.

Red and Yellow Flags indicate the safe swimming areas that are patrolled by Lifeguards. This area has been assessed by Lifeguards as the safest area for you to swim. Lifeguards may monitor the beach from a Surveillance Tower or by roving patrols on foot, by BP IRB (Inflatable Rescue Boat) or Mobile All Terrain Vehicle. Surf Lifeguards will continually monitor the beach to assess its continued safety throughout the day; however the priority of Lifeguarding resources is maintained for the ‘Flagged Area’, and may use whistles or directions to ask you to move into a safer position, or cease an activity that may be dangerous. These requests are given in the interests of your safety. Please assist by complying with all requests made while you are at the beach.

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PATROLLING ACTIVITIES – SURF LIFE SAVING STATISTICS

APPENDIX 20

AnnualReport Rescues

PreventiveActions First Aids Searches Call outs

HoursPatrolled

1st 1932 - 1933 352nd 1933 - 1934 823rd 1934 - 1935 1564th 1935 - 1936 1185th 1936 - 1937 216 1466th 1937 - 1938 141 1987th 1938 - 1939 156 151 68,6008th 1939 - 1940 237 189 65,4329th 1940 - 1941 168 233 62,38510th 1941 - 1942 48 136 41,39511th 1942 - 1943 46 134 38,36712th 1943 - 1944 69 14 39,32813th 1944 - 1945 84 57 36,82314th 1945 - 1946 87 101 40,01215th 1946 - 1947 98 105 45,89716th 1947 - 1948 143 137 46,00717th 1948 - 1949 222 16618th 1949 - 1950 144 Recording of 24019th 1950 - 1951 225 27820th 1951 - 1952 56 9021st 1952 - 1953 114 Not Recorded22nd 1953 - 1954 171 9223rd 1954 - 1955 161 16524th 1955 - 1956 284 46625th 1956 - 1957 325 37426th 1957 - 1958 158 20127th 1958 - 1959 224 32528th 1959 - 1960 183 27929th 1960 - 1961 142 19230th 1961 - 1962 251 44831st 1962 - 1963 232 49232nd 1963 - 1964 200 44633rd 1964 - 1965 329 51134th 1965 - 1966 348 50735th 1966 - 1967 289 50036th 1967 - 1968 413 65337th 1968 - 1969 330 60838th 1969 - 1970 526 80239th 1970 - 1971 527 94340th 1971 - 1972 383 76741st 1972 - 1973 547 2,371 77742nd 1973 - 1974 417 2,296 90943rd 1974 - 1975 899 4,519 107444th 1975 - 1976 312 1,336 60945th 1976 - 1977 517 3,234 89446th 1977 - 1978 516 4,250 82947th 1978 - 1979 353 2,596 73548th 1979 - 1980 490 5,413 85049th 1980 - 1981 723 2,802 65050th 1981 - 1982 776 3,339 53051st 1982 - 1983 607 1,947 29752nd 1983 - 1984 714 2,573 54253rd 1984 - 1985 1,283 5,817 49854th 1985 - 1986 983 7,760 56255th 1986 - 1987 913 8,849 52756th 1987 - 1988 1,011 7,160 51157th 1988 - 1989 1,498 12,265 63058th 1989 - 1990 1,427 12,563 663 149 6459th 1990 - 1991 1,142 16,204 1,031 122 2560th 1991 - 1992 918 21,624 1,241 150 9661st 1992 - 1993 1,125 15,150 1,013 149 3862nd 1993 - 1994 2,037 47,789 1,137 335 Not Recorded 123,55963rd 1994 - 1995 1,659 42,658 1,427 306 Not Recorded 127,28364th 1995 - 1996 1,562 60,974 1,784 283 Not Recorded 116,57665th 1996 - 1997 987 37,138 885 169 Not Recorded 101,56266th 1997 - 1998 1,301 40,977 775 79 68 124,08167th 1998 - 1999 1,838 60,993 1,354 106 147 128,00768th 1999 - 2000 1,097 70,240 1,259 109 82 151,70269th 2000 - 2001 1,325 113,823 1,674 196 157 143,94070th ** 2001 - 2002 1,926 83,698 1,606 476 144,61571st 2002 - 2003 1,847 88,182 1,389 323 149,594

* Grand Total 42,279 790,540 39,808 2,952 677 1,795,165Rescues Preventive

ActionsFirst Aids Searches Call outs Hours

Patrolled

** In the 2001-02 season, incidents could be reported as a combination of rescue and/or first aid and/or search. Prior to the 2001-02 season an incident could only be recorded once as a rescue or first aid or search or call out.

* The Grand Total of rescues is calculated from the sum of the figures from the 4th Annual report forward plus 1,681 the totalrescues made by clubs prior to the 1935-36 season, which is stated in the 3rd annual report.

Season

Recording of searches

commenced in 1989 / 1990

Recording of hours commenced again

1993 / 1994

Recording of call outs commenced in

1989 / 1990

Call outswere changed to a type of service in

2001 / 2002

10

1

2

3

4

3

4

3

4

DANGER! RIP CURRENTS

EACH YEAR PEOPLE GET INTO DIFFICULTY BECAUSE THEY DO NOT UNDERSTAND THE BEACH DANGERS.

A RIP IS A BODY OF WATER MOVING OUT TO SEA. TO ESCAPE FROM A RIP CURRENT:

– Swim across to the nearest breaking waves

IF IN TROUBLE:

– Don’t panic – Raise your hand to alert the surf lifeguards – Swim to the side, do not swim against the current

IDENTIFYING FEATURES OF A RIP

1 Calm patches on surf with waves breaking each side

2 Rippled or criss cross water

3 Discoloured water because sand is stirred up

4 Foamy water with debris

* Rip currents are hard to see on a windy day

APPENDIX 24

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SIGNS & FLAGS – THE FOLLOWING ARE USED BY SURF LIFEGUARDS IN NEW ZEALAND

APPENDIX 27

GRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONGraphic symbols are used on patrol by Surf Lifeguards. Symbols, such as the red and yellow flags and our red and yellow clothing are used to indicate safe swimming areas and who we are.

We also use water safety signs to communicate with the public in regards to safe water areas and behaviours.

We use graphic symbols to communicate because many people will not understand or take the time to read written warnings. It is therefore necessary to use clearly recognised images and colours to assist them in understanding our water safety messages.

PATROL FLAG

SWIM BETWEEN FLAGS SIGN

International Patrol Flag.

Used together this Flag and Sign indicate Surf Lifeguard Patrolled Areas. SWIM BETWEEN FLAGS sign can also be used separately at beach access ways and other areas to indicate where the flagged area is.

SURF RESCUE EQUIPMENT

This is used to indicate to the public that emergency rescue equipment is available for their use such as can buoy stations, rescue equipment outposts, Community Rescue Services.

DANGER RIPS

Placed on the beach to indicate to beachgoers that there is a RIP present and therefore too dangerous for swimming.

DANGER SIGN

International “No Swimming Logo”.

Used to indicate localised danger areas such as rips, holes or when the beach is closed because the surf is too dangerous to set out PATROL FLAGS then these signs are placed on the beach instead.

SHARK SIGN

International “Shark” Logo.

Used when there is a shark sighting. Remove PATROL FLAGS and place SHARK sign on the beach.

DANGER FLAG

International “No Swimming” Logo.

Fly from Clubhouse in place of the PATROL FLAG when sea conditions are too dangerous to designate a patrolled area on the beach.

SIGNAL FLAG

Used for communicating with other Surf Lifeguards through the SLSNZ signals system. Now largely replaced by rescue tubes.

12

JUMBLED MESSAGES – CUT OUT THE WORDS AND REARRANGE THEM TO MAKE UP THE RULES

APPENDIX 28

YOU WATCH ADULT OVER

HAVE AN FROM

SURF OR NEVER

SWIM

ALONE

LIFEGUARDS FROM

DOUBT IF STAY

IN

OUT

LIFEGUARDS FROM

BETWEEN FLAGS THESWIM

LIMITS KNOWYOUR

13

JUMBLED MESSAGES – CUT OUT THE WORDS AND REARRANGE THEM TO MAKE UP THE RULES

APPENDIX 28

SURF LISTEN LIFEGUARDS

LIFEGUARDS

USE

AND

SAFE

LIFEGUARDS

AWARE CURRENTS

RIPS

AND

LIFEGUARDS

USERS SURF

WHEN

SWIM TIRED SURF

14

SURF LIFEGUARDS WANTEDBACKGROUND FACTS

– During the summer Surf Lifeguards patrol popular beaches

– There are nearly 4000 Surf Lifeguards patrolling beaches in NZ

– Most Surf Lifeguards are volunteers – but during the holidays some beaches have permanent paid Surf Lifeguards on duty

– There has never been a drowning inside the patrolled areas

Your nearest Surf Club needs more Surf Lifeguards for the summer holidays. They often have applicants who think it would be a great job to be out in the sun and ride around in the inflatable rescue boat but don’t have the skills required.

Your task is to research the role and responsibilities of a Surf Lifeguard to write a full job description for prospective employees.

YOU WILL NEED TO COVER

– age,

– skills/qualifications required,

– uniform,

– equipment they carry and operate,

– hours they work and the time of the year they are required,

– swimming ability,

– knowledge they need to do the job – beach safety reports – do they write these? Are helicopters used for surf rescue at your beach?

You will need to include illustrations of the equipment a Surf Lifeguard is required to use, and their uniform.

Useful website Surf Lifesaving New Zealand, link to http://www.surflifesaving.org.nz

RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT – RESEARCH THE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF SURF LIFEGUARDS

APPENDIX 29

15

NAME: Brendan Evans

AGE: 22

JOB TITLE: Professional Surf Lifeguard

EMPLOYER(S): Surf Lifesaving Northern Region; lifesavers also work for private and council swimming pools, overseas surf lifesaving organisations, and as ambulance crew (with additional training).

QUALIFICATIONS: Surf Lifeguard Award (or Bronze Medallion). Professional lifeguards also undergo further assessment of fitness, ability to swim in surf, rescue and resuscitation skills.

Career prospects: Overseas work, promotion within the organisation.

Q. HOW DOES YOU DAY BEGIN?

A. I get to work at about 9.40am and get the set-up ready;check that the rescue boat engines are working properly,make sure the [fuel] bladders are full of gas, put the radioson and start taking gear down to the beach.

Then we look at the surf conditions to decide where best to put up the flags, watch for rips and check for holes. Basically you know the beach so well you know where the rips and holes are going to occur as the tide goes in or out.

At 10am the flags go up and we begin monitoring the beach.

Q. HOW DID YOU GET INTO SURF LIFESAVING?

A. I’ve always gone body boarding and when I was 14a mate, who I surfed with and was a surf club member,said I should come along because it was fun and a goodopportunity to go surfing.

I was a volunteer for two years and then when I was 16 I tried out for a professional guard’s job advertised in the club newsletter. I was lucky enough to be chosen and I’ve been a professional guard ever since.

Q. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

A. It’s important because in summer the beach is a wayof life for New Zealanders, and without me and the othersthere’d be a lot more drownings.

We basically help to keep the beach a safer place; we keep people out of trouble and give assistance when they do get into trouble.

It doesn’t get much better than that – helping people out when they need you.

Q. WHAT ARE YOUR STRENGTHS?

A. Experience and I guess I’m a bit of a leader. I’vebeen a patrol leader for a while now and I find it easy tocommunicate with the public and the other members ofmy team.

I’m fully qualified and have two extra St John certificates and a defibrillator certificate too.

Also, as a surfer I know the sea better than some of the guards who don’t have such an affinity with the ocean.

Q. WHAT KIND OF PERSON MAKES A GOODLIFEGUARD?

A. Someone who’s dedicated, focused and calm. It isreally important to be calm as we get into some pretty hairysituations. Being in tune with the ocean and being a reallygood swimmer helps.

Q. WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER A SUCCESS ATWORK?

A. Basically going home knowing nothing happened at thebeach today. Every time you help someone out, that is asuccess.

Q. WHAT’S THE WORST PART OF THE JOB?

A. When somebody dies, especially the first time ithappens. It’s an incredibly morbid feeling; you think thatyou haven’t done your job properly and wonder what youcould have done differently.

Dealing with the relatives of a drowned swimmer can be quite distressing.

It’s also pretty tough when it is cold and you have to go down to the beach and watch out for one person. And unappreciative people are one of the worst things about the job.

Q. WHAT’S THE BEST PART OF THE JOB?

A. There are so many things; saving people and knowingyou’ve made a difference, being able to go surfing on thejob and generally being paid to hang out at the beach – it’sa lifestyle thing. And there are plenty of opportunities to gooverseas and gain experience there.

Q. WHAT TIPS WOULD YOU GIVE TO SOMEONEWHO WANTED TO BECOME A LIFEGUARD?

A. Get in touch with your local surf club, train hard and justgo for it. You’ll have to get qualified, but the better guardswe have the better it is for the public.

PROFESSIONAL SURF LIFESAVER – BY ROBIN MARTIN 21.01.2004

APPENDIX 30

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WHAT IS A WAVE AND WHAT CAUSES SURF?A wave is a body of water (swell) moving along the surface of the ocean. Wind and storms at sea form pressure differences on the ocean surface. As these undulations travel thousands of miles they gather together to form swells. As the swell approaches land and the sea bottom gets shallower, the waves become higher and narrower and the distance between each wave becomes shorter. The wave becomes higher until it collapses and topples over. This is called a surf.

001 PLUNGING WAVE OR DUMPER

A dumping wave breaks suddenly with tremendous power making them dangerous for swimmers and surfers. Dumping waves that break on the beach are called a shorebreak. Serious injuries can result from such waves violently throwing swimmers on the sand.

002 SPILLING WAVES

This type of wave occurs when the crest (or top) of the wave tumbles down the face (or front) of the wave. These waves are good for swimmers and board riders. Tubes or barrels are often formed at low tide

003 SURGING WAVES

A surging wave may never break as it approaches the beach. This is because it is very deep beneath the wave. These waves often occur around rocks.

004 BEACH ONE

This beach has an even sand bottom that is not very steep. Generally the waves will spill as they get closer to the beach. Conditions at low tide may be quite different to those at high tide.

005 BEACH TWO

At this beach there will be more spilling waves at high tide. When the tide goes out, and there is less water covering the sand bar, the waves will start dumping on the sand bar due to the steepness of the sand bottom.

006 BEACH THREE

At this beach the waves will be spilling at low tide. When the tide comes in and the waves hit the steep rise they will start dumping. This is commonly called a shorebreak.

WAVE TYPES – WHAT IS A WAVE AND WHAT CAUSES THEM

APPENDIX 31

17

SURF SWIMMINGBEFORE ENTERING THE WATER STUDY THE CONDITIONS

The type of surf, wind direction, position of rips and the tide will all have an influence while you are swimming.

001 Lulls

In heavy surf you can watch for a while and look for a pattern in the waves – maybe six or eight and then a lull before the next set.

You will have an easier swim through the lull.

Landmarks

Identify landmarks that can be used as a guide while you are in the water.

Wading

The quickest way to get out through the shallows is to use the high hurdle type stride known as wading. This is achieved by lifting the knees high and then swinging the legs out to the side.

002 Dolphin Diving (or porpoising)

Between knee and waist depth wading becomes difficult. At this stage you should commence dolphin diving. This technique requires good timing and coordination. You dive into the water, grab the sand with both hands, pull your knees up to your chest and then push forward off the bottom.

003 Negotiating Broken Waves (Duck Diving)

Just before a broken wave reaches you, dive under and grab the sand, wait for the wave to pass and then push forward off the bottom with your legs.

Body Surfing

Body surfing is the ability to ride waves without any equipment. The skill required to become a good body surfer comes from just one thing – practice.

004 Catching the Wave

As the wave is almost upon you, start swimming towards shore as fast as you can.

If you are in shallow enough water you can push off the bottom for extra speed.

Keep swimming until you feel the wave begins to lift and carry you.

You will probably have to swim a bit to hold your position on the wave, kicking really deep and hard.

If you started in the right place... you will body surf!

As the wave get steeper, you will tilt forward and surf along the face with white water tumbling and bubbling around or behind you.

005 How Do I Stop?

As you approach the beach, you will probably want to stop before you run aground!

You’ll “pull out” by turning your body away from the breaking face of the wave, or else dive under and grab the sand, wait for the wave to pass and then push forward off the bottom with your legs.

Wipe Out

If... when you do wipe out, the thing to remember is keep cool – relax. You’ll tumble head over heels, surrounded by swirling bubbles and sand. Curl up in a ball and wait for things to calm down a bit.

Then head for the surface and reposition yourself for the next wave.

Remember it may seem a long time that you are held under but really it’s no more than a few seconds.

SWIMMING IN WAVES – LEARN HOW TO SWIM IN THE WAVES AND HAVE FUN

APPENDIX 32

003

002

001

004

005

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L D R A O B E I G O O B

I F L I P P E R S Y N X

F T S A N D D U N E S E

E W E T S U I T B T H F

G A S G A L F U S B O I

U V P C O H T O W E R S

A E I R T E A B C D E H

R S T C U L S U R F W I

D A K C O L B N U S I N

P O S U N B A T H I N G

I E S U R F B O A R D P

R E S C U E B O A T Z E

1 R _ P 7 SU _ FB _ _ RD 13 FI _ H _ _ G

2 LI _ E _ UAR _ 8 TOW _ R 14 RE _ _ UE T _ B _

3 FL _ _ S 9 R _ _ CUE B _ _ T 15 ONSH _ R _ WI _D

4 PA _ RO _ 10 B _ O _ IE _ _ ARD 16 W _ V_ _

5 S _ N _ LOCK 11 FL _ _ PE _ S 17 _ AND DUN _ S

6 _ _ RF 12 WE _ SU _ T

SURF SAFETY PUZZLES – LEARN HOW TO SWIM IN THE WAVES AND HAVE FUN

APPENDIX 33

WORD MAZEFill in the blanks for the words below then find all 17 in the maze, circle them so you know which ones you have found.

You can find them going down, across, diagonally or backwards.

SI6

532/

1 02

/14

Funding Partner

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