Sump guidelines web0

1. Planning for PeopleGUIDELINESDeveloping and Implementing aSustainable Urban Mobility Planwww.mobilityplans.eu

2. ContactRupprecht Consult Forschung und Beratung GmbHClever Strasse 13 - 1550668 CologneGermanySebastian Bhrmann, Email: [email protected] Wefering, Email: [email protected] Rupprecht, Email: [email protected].: 49.221.60 60 55 -0www.rupprecht-consult.euwebsitewww.mobilityplans.euDisclaimerThe sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect theopinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission is responsible for any use that maybe made of the information contained therein.ProjectEltisplusContract No. EACI/IEE/2009/05/S12.558822SubjectGuidelines. Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan. (part of Deliverable 2.2)Version23 September 2011 (working document)Prepared byRupprecht Consult: Sebastian Bhrmann, Frank Wefering, Siegfried RupprechtContributors to case City of Helsinki: Mette Granberg, Johanna Vilkuna, Sakari Saarinenstudies and tools Edinburgh Napier University: Tom Rye Institut dEstudis Territorials, Barcelona: Kerstin Burckhart Mobiel 21, Leuven: Sarah Martens, Jan Christiaens Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe: Gbor Heves Rupprecht Consult: Wolfgang Backhaus, Sebastian Bhrmann, MichaelLaubenheimer, Siegfried Rupprecht, Rafael Urbanczyk, Patrick Vanegmond (PDU),Frank Wefering TRT TRASPORTI E TERRITORIO, Milan: Simone Bosetti, Patrizia Malgieri, Cosimo ChiffiLayout FGM-AMORCover PhotoGreen City, Munich2 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 3. Co n t en tCONTENTA new way of planning urban mobility .........................................................................................................................5Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan a definition ........................................................................................................... 6Benefits .........................................................................................................................................................................7Policy background .........................................................................................................................................................9The project ...................................................................................................................................................................10About this document ...................................................................................................................................................11The SUMP cycle in overview ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1Guidelines SUMP Elements and Activities ................................................................................................... 13Starting point: We want to improve mobility and quality of life for our citizens! ..................................................14Element 1: Determine your potential for a successful SUMP ......................................................................... 15Activity 1.1: Commit to overall sustainable mobility principles ................................................................................15Activity 1.2: Assess impact of regional/national framework .....................................................................................17Activity 1.3: Conduct self-assessment .......................................................................................................................19Activity 1.4: Review availability of resources ..............................................................................................................23Activity 1.5: Define basic timeline ..............................................................................................................................29Activity 1.6: Identify key actors and stakeholders ......................................................................................................31Element 2: Define the development process and scope of plan ......................................................................35Activity 2.1: Look beyond your own boundaries and responsibilities ....................................................................... 35Activity 2.2: Strive for policy coordination and an integrated planning approach ....................................................37Activity 2.3: Plan stakeholder and citizen involvement ............................................................................................. 42Activity 2.4: Agree on work plan and management arrangements ..........................................................................49Element 3: Analyse the mobility situation and develop scenarios ..................................................................51Activity 3.1: Prepare an analysis of problems and opportunities ............................................................................. 51Activity 3.2.: Develop scenarios ..................................................................................................................................56Element 4: Develop a common vision and engage citizens ............................................................................. 62Activity 4.1: Develop a common vision of mobility and beyond .................................................................................62Activity 4.2: Actively inform the public ....................................................................................................................... 65Element 5: Set priorities and measurable targets ..........................................................................................68Activity 5.1: Identify the priorities for mobility ...........................................................................................................68Activity 5.2: Develop SMART targets ..........................................................................................................................70Element 6: Develop effective packages of measures ......................................................................................74Activity 6.1: Identify the most effective measures .....................................................................................................74Activity 6.2: Learn from others experience ...............................................................................................................78Activity 6.3: Consider best value for money ...............................................................................................................80Activity 6.4: Use synergies and create integrated packages of measures ...............................................................81Element 7: Agree on clear responsibilities and allocate funding ................................................................... 84Activity 7.1: Assign responsibilities and resources ................................................................................................... 84Activity 7.2: Prepare an action and budget plan ........................................................................................................85GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 3 4. Co n t en tElement 8: Build monitoring and assessment into the plan ........................................................................... 88Activity 8.1: Arrange for monitoring and evaluation ................................................................................................. 88Element 9: Adopt Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan ........................................................................................ 94Activity 9.1: Check the quality of the plan ..................................................................................................................94Activity 9.2: Adopt the plan .........................................................................................................................................98Activity 9.3: Create ownership of the plan ................................................................................................................. 99Element 10: Ensure proper management and communication (when implementing the plan) ...................... 01 1Activity 10.1: Manage plan implementation .............................................................................................................. 01 1Activity 10.2: Inform and engage citizens .................................................................................................................104Activity 10.3: Check progress towards achieving the objectives .............................................................................109Element 11: Learn the lessons .....................................................................................................................111Activity 11.1: Update current plan regularly .............................................................................................................111Activity 11.2: Review achievements understand success and failure ................................................................... 121Activity 11.3: Identify new challenges for next SUMP generation ...........................................................................114Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................1174 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 5. A ne w way o fpl a nning u r ba n m o b ili t yA new way ofplanning urban mobilityIt should also be clear right from the beginning thatIf you imagine your city in 20 years, what wouldsustainable urban mobility planning is an approachyou like it to look like? A place where childrenthat fosters a planning practice and culture that aimscan play safely? Where the air is clean? Whereat a truly sustainable urban transport development.you can walk to do your shopping? With lots ofSustainable urban mobility planning is about moving inparks and green space? Where businesses can the right direction. It should grow from existing prac-prosper?tices in European cities that already apply many of theaspects covered by a SUMP.But how do you realise such a vision? Sustainable urbanmobility planning is planning for the future of your citywith its people as the focus. Sustainable Urban MobilityPlans (SUMP) mean Planning for People.GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 5 6. S us ta in a b le U r ba n M o b ili t y P l a n a de f ini t i o nSustainable Urban Mobility Plan a definitionHow does it work?A Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan is a StrategicA Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan is a way of tacklingplan designed to satisfy the mobility needs oftransport-related problems in urban areas more effi-people and businesses in cities and their sur-ciently. Building on existing practices and regulatoryroundings for a better quality of life. It builds frameworks in the Member States, its basic charac-on existing planning practices and takes dueteristics are:consideration of integration, participation, and A participatory approach: involving citizens and stake-evaluation principles. holders from the outset and throughout the process in decision making, implementation and evaluation, building local capacity for handling complex planningWhat is the purpose of a Sustainable issues, and ensuring gender equity;Urban Mobility Plan? A pledge for sustainability: balancing economic devel-A Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan aims to create a opment, social equity and environmental quality;sustainable urban transport system by addressing at An integrated approach: of practices and policiesleast the following objectives:between policy sectors (e.g. transport, land-use, Ensure the accessibility offered by the transport environment, economic development, social inclu- system is available to all; sion, gender equity, health, safety), between authority levels (e.g. district, municipality, agglomeration, Improve safety and security; region, nation, EU), and between neighbouring Reduce air and noise pollution, greenhouse gas authorities (inter-municipal, inter-regional, trans- emissions and energy consumption; national, etc.); Improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the A focus on achieving measurable targets derived transportation of persons and goods;from short term objectives, aligned with a vision for Contribute to enhancing the attractiveness andtransport and embedded in an overall sustainable quality of the urban environment and urban design.development strategy; A review of transport costs and benefits, taking into account wider societal costs and benefits, alsoWhat is the scope of an SUMP?across policy sectors;The policies and measures defined in a Sustainable A method comprising the following tasks:Urban Mobility Plan cover all modes and forms of 1. status analysis and baseline scenario;transport in the entire urban agglomeration, including 2. definition of a vision, objectives and targets;public and private, passenger and freight, motorised 3. selection of policies and measures;and non-motorised, moving and parking. 4. assignment of responsibilities and resources; 5. arrangements for monitoring and evaluation.Source: Adapted from PILOT Project. Sustainable Urban Transport Plans SUTP Manual, Guidance for Stakeholders (2007)6 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 7. Bene f i t sBenefitsDifferent approaches to sustainable urban mobility Environmental and health benefitsplanning exist throughout Europe. While some coun- Closely related to the positive environmental effectstries such as the UK (Local Transport Plans) or France and improvements in terms of air quality and noise,(Plans de Dplacements Urbains) may be consideredcitizens and society can realise positive health effects,forerunners, the SUMP approach is new or non-exist-thereby saving significant on health related cost inent in other parts of the EU.both the short and long term. Furthermore, sustainable urban mobility planning offers the opportunity toThe benefits and added values of a Sustainable Urban tackle climate change issues.Mobility Plan (SUMP) need to be communicated todecision-makers, planners and other urban mobilitystakeholders in order to convince them of the advan- Improved mobility and accessibilitytages of using this approach in their own urban context. Sustainable urban mobility planning that ultimatelyMunicipalities may consider an SUMP as yet another results in the implementation of sustainable mobilityplan on the urban agenda. Therefore, it is important projects or measures improves citizens mobility situa-to emphasise that sustainable urban mobility planningtion and facilitates the accessibility of urban areas andis not a completely new planning approach, but that it their services.rather builds on existing planning activities.There is a large variety of benefits associated with Improved image of a citysustainable urban mobility planning. These include:A city engaged in sustainable urban mobility planning can project the image of being innovative and forward-looking.Better quality of lifeThere is a wide consensus that sustainable urban Potential to reach more peoplemobility planning contributes to better quality of life in Planners have the potential to reach more people andan urban area. This can be expressed in many small-better respond to the needs of different user groups.er and larger improvements, such as more attractiveOf course it can be challenging to introduce an SUMPpublic spaces, improved (road) safety, better air quality, among planners who have traditionally focused onfewer emissions or less noise. To this extent, sustain-developing infrastructure. Sustainable urban mobilityable urban mobility planning carries an emotionalplanning offers planners an integrated and interdisci-message (good public spaces, childrens safety) whichplinary approach to planning mobility.should be widely used and exploited in the conceptpromotion.GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 7 8. Bene f i t s Source: Rupprecht ConsultCitizen- and stakeholder-supportedIntegration potentialdecisions Sustainable urban mobility planning encourages anInvolving stakeholders and citizens is a basic principleeffective and integrated planning culture for urbanof sustainable urban mobility planning. Through thismobility in Europe. It is an approach that aims for theinvolvement, decisions for or against specific urbanintegration of sectors and institutions. In most cases,mobility measures can obtain an significant level ofthe SUMP is driven by a citys mobility and/or trans-public legitimacy.port department. However, it is one of its principles toinvolve other municipal or regional departments (forexample, land-use, environment, economic develop-Effective fulfilment of legal obligations ment, social inclusion, health, safety) in the planningSustainable urban mobility plans offer an effective way process. Therefore, policy relevance of SUMP is notto tackle and fulfil legal obligation such as the Euro- limited to mobility and transport, and this planningpean Commissions Air Quality Directive (see: http:// approach contributes to the achievement of other localec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/legislation/ goals (economic, social, environmental) as well.existing_leg.htm) or national noise regulations.Improving a citys competitiveness andNew political visionaccess to fundingSustainable urban mobility planning offers the opportu- SUMPs can help planners access certain funding poolsnity to develop another kind of political vision for a city.that are available for innovative solutions or integratedFor officials in local authorities, it provides a longer term planning approaches. In some cases, the existence (oragenda and a clear programme to work towards. If carriedthe work towards the adoption) of a Sustainable Urbanout well, SUMP has the potential to deliver better resultsMobility Plan can improve the competitiveness of a citywith less conflict. when applying for funding.8 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 9. P o lic y B ac kg ro undPolicy backgroundThe need for more sustainable and integrative plan- activities for urban mobility professionals. Sustainablening processes also in sectors related to urban mo- urban mobility planning received a further significantbility has been widely recognised. At the Europeanpush when the EU transport ministers adopted conclu-level, Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans have gained sions on the Action Plan on Urban Mobility in Luxem-increased recognition and importance as well. bourg on 24 June 2010. The Council of the EuropeanUnion supports the development of Sustainable UrbanThe European Commissions Action Plan on UrbanMobility Plans for cities and metropolitan areas [..] andMobility aims at accelerating the take-up of sustain- encourages the development of incentives, such asable urban mobility planning in Europe by providing expert assistance and information exchange, for theguidance material, promoting best practice exchange,creation of such plans.identifying benchmarks, and supporting educational Action Plan on Urban Mobility Action 1 Accelerating the take-up of Sustain-mutual learning and sharing of experiences and able Urban Mobility Plans best practices that would foster the development of sustainable urban mobility policies. The EC will support local authorities in develop- The Commission will also introduce an urbaning Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans coveringmobility dimension in the Covenant of Mayors infreight and passenger transport in urban and order to promote an integrated approach linkingperi-urban areas.energy and climate change with transport. It will It will provide guidance material, promote bestencourage the incorporation of transport andpractice exchange, identify benchmarks, andmobility issues in the Sustainable Energy Actionsupport educational activities for urban mobilityPlans to be prepared by the cities participating inprofessionals. the Covenant. The EC could take further steps, for examplethrough incentives and recommendations. [Action Plan on Urban Mobility COM (2009) 490/5] Whenever possible, the Commission will encour-available from http://ec.europa.eu/transport/age Member States to provide platforms forurban/urban_mobility/action_plan_en.htmGUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 9 10. T h e p r oj ec tThe ProjectThe European Commission initiated a three-year Four expert workshops on Sustainable Urban Mobil-project running from May 2010 to April 2013 to ac-ity Plans held in 2010/2011celerate the large scale uptake of Sustainable Urban UK Local Transport Plan Guidance (second and thirdMobility Plans in Europe with the help of guidance, edition)awareness-raising activities and training work- French Plans de Dplacements Urbains (PDU) guid-shops.ance and assessmentThe guidelines presented here have been prepared This document informs awareness-raising activitiesbased on a range of sources and expert input:and training workshops on sustainable urban mobility Desk research of previous research and guidance planning across Europe. (e.g. SUTP expert group report 2004, PILOT andThe guidelines will remain a working document that BUSTRIP projects) will be further fine-tuned in 2011 and 2012 (updates Investigation into the status of and approach towill be made available on www.mobilityplans.eu). The Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans in 31 European fine-tuning will again involve SUMP stakeholders and countries, i.e. the 27 EU Member States as well asexperts. Croatia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway A user needs assessment carried out through stakeholder and expert interviews Source: www.stockxpert.com10 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 11. A b o u t t h is d ocu m en tAbout this documentThe ECs Action Plan on Urban Mobility calls for anThe present guidelines have been compiled with theincrease in the take up of sustainable urban mobil-input of many experts on urban transport and mobil-ity planning in Europe. This document introduces the ity planning from across Europe. They reflect a wideconcept of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans and sets range of experiences. The guidelines, however, needout the steps involved in the preparation of such plans. interpretation in the local context, which may lead toThe document is aimed at practitioners in urban trans- approaches that are somewhat different from thoseport and mobility as well as other stakeholders whodescribed in this document. The guidelines do not givewould be involved in the preparation and implementa- detailed technical guidance, but focus on the processtion of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans.of developing and implementing an SUMP. The document however includes many links to more specificThe guidelines presented in this working documenttechnical guidance and tools that can be applied whenfocus on the basic description of essential require- developing an SUMP.ments for Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans. Theyinclude good practice examples, tools and references As mentioned these Guidelines are a working docu-that further illustrate the development and implemen-ment. The SUMP project welcomes comments andtation of a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan. encourages submitting further examples of planning practices (especially from cities in Central and EasternIn many cases, the good practices cover examples Europe). Please see the contact details on page 2 tofrom urban mobility plans that can be considered tosend your comments or contributions.fulfil the requirements of an SUMP. In other cases, thegood practices describe processes and activities thatare not embedded directly in an SUMP context, butprovide valuable tips for similar activities (e.g. citizeninvolvement when designing specific measures) withina sustainable urban mobility planning process. Theaim is to provide a portfolio of examples from differ-ent European regions to show that good planningapproaches are possible in different contexts.Information on Activities beyond essential require-ments gives additional guidance to cities and regionsthat have already reached an advanced level of urbanmobility planning. Many of the good practice examplesalso illustrate advanced planning activities.GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan11 12. T h e S U M P cycle in ov e r v ie wThe SUMP cycle in overviewThe three elements of a Sustainable Urban Mobil- It needs to be stressed that the timing of the differentity Plan, as presented and agreed at the consultationActivities provides a logical rather than a sequentialworkshops are: structure. Activities run partially in parallel or include Planning (process): the core of the methodology feedback loops. The section on timing and coordina- Plan (content of the document): beyond providingtion for each Activity highlights crucial aspects in this a plan outline, putting focus on actual examples of regard. effective measures Policy (implementation process of the plan and itsThe following page includes a graphical overview of thefinal appraisal): a new element to facilitate imple- SUMP cycle, followed by a detailed description of allmentationElements and Activities.Developing and implementing an SUMP should beunderstood as an innovation cycle that is repeated inthe sense of a continuous improvement strategy.This document structures the SUMP cycle into 11Elements (= main steps) and 32 Activities (= detailingspecific tasks). Each of the 32 SUMP Activities belong-ing to the eleven SUMP Elements is structured in auniform manner: Rationale of Activity, issues to be addressed, questions to which responses are needed Aims of the Activities to be performed Tasks describing what needs to be done in detail Activities beyond essential requirements, addressing cities with some experience in the elaboration of mobility plans Timing and coordination requirements with other Activities Checklist of milestones to be achieved12GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 13. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Ac t i v i t iesSUMP Elements & Activities Milestone: Final impact assessment concluded 1.1 Commit to overall sustainable mobility principles 1.2 Assess impact of regional/national framework11.1 Update current plan regularly Starting Point: 1.3 Conduct self-assessment Review achievements -"We want to11.2 understand success and failure improve mobility 1.4 Review availability of resources and quality Identify new challengesof life for our1.5 Define basic timeline11.3citizens!" for next SUMP generation1. Determine 1.6 Identify key actors and stakeholders11. Learn theyour potential 10.1 Manage plan implementation lessonsfor a successful Look beyond your ownSUMP2.1boundaries and responsibilities 10.2 Inform and engage the citizens Strive for policy coordination and10. Ensure2.2an integrated planing approachCheck progress towards 2. Define the 10.3proper manage-developmentachieving the objectives Plan stakeholder and citizenment andprocess and 2.3 communicationImplementing Preparingscope of involvement Milestone: the planwellplan2.4 Agree on workplan and management arrangements SUMP document Prepare an analysis ofadopted 3.19. AdoptSustainable problems and opportunities 3. Analyse the9.1Check the quality Sustainable Urban mobility situation3.2 Develop scenariosof the planUrban Mobility and develop PlanMobility scenarios9.2 Adopt the planMilestone: PlanningAnalysis of problemsCreate ownership& opportunities concluded9.3of the plan Rational and 8. Build Elaborating transparentDevelop a common vision of monitoring and the plangoal setting4. Develop 4.1mobility and beyondArrange for monitoring assessment intoa common8.1and evaluation the planvision4.2Actively inform the public 7. Agree5. Set on clearpriorities and7.1 Assign responsibilities and resourcesresponsibilities measurable5.1 Identify the priorities for mobility and allocate 6. Develop effective targets7.2 Prepare an action and budget planfunding 5.2 Develop SMART targetspackages of measures6.1 Identify the most effective measures6.2 Learn from others experience Milestone: Measures 6.3 Consider best value for money identified6.4 Use synergies and create integrated packages of measuresRupprecht Consult, 31 March 2011GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan13 14. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellGuidelines SUMP Elements and Activities It should be clear from is to convince decision makers of the added value ofStarting Point: the outset that urban this approach. If there is no champion available on "We want to transport and mobilitythe local level, it can be hard work to convince the improve mobilityis not an end in itself right politicians to become supporters of developing anand qualitybut should contribute SUMP. This requires compiling good arguments. While of life for our to higher goals, such there is no silver bullet, starting points could be to citizens!"as quality of life andshow the challenges and problems the city faces if well-being of the citi- nothing is changed, to stress the benefits generated byzens. This should be the starting point for developing an SUMP and to highlight the fact that good results area Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan. Depending on therecognised by the voters (e.g. pointing to other citiesnational context a legal obligation can also be the driv-that have applied sustainable urban mobility planning).ing force for developing an SUMP. Nevertheless realThis is particularly challenging as the full impact of ancommitment is needed to make it a truly sustainableSUMP only becomes visible after a longer time-spanand effective plan.than the electoral cycle. It may be helpful to point to the option of including quick win solutions in the SUMP,A common challenge for planners in local administra- which may help to generate a positive response amongtions who support sustainable urban mobility planningcitizens and other stakeholders in the short-term. Source: Bernd Decker, Rupprecht Consult14 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 15. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellElement 1: Determine your potential for a successful SUMP Commit to overall sustainable Review availability ofPreparing well 1.1 1.4 mobility principles resources 1. Determineyour potential Assess impact of regional/national 1.2 1.5 Define basic timeline for a successfulframework SUMPIdentify key actors and 1.3 Conduct self-assessment 1.6 stakeholders AimsAt the beginning of the sustainable urban mobility plan- Ensure that basic sustainability principles are takenning process, it is necessary to determine the potentialinto account throughout the whole planning process.to elaborate a successful SUMP. This depends on many Develop a joint understanding of what sustainableinternal and external factors that provide an overall urban mobility means.framework for the planning process and plan imple- Broaden the view to all aspects that need to bementation.addressed to make the SUMP a truly sustainableThe following describes the key activities in preparing document, also beyond transport and mobility.the SUMP process. TasksActivity 1.1: Commit to overall Analyse to what extent sustainability principlessustainable mobility principles are already part of your citys/ regions policy (e.g.in visions, local agenda) on transport and mobilityRationale and related policy fields (e.g. sustainable land-useAn urban transport plan can only call itself sustainable if policy that makes use of brownfield land vs. one thatcertain economic, social and environmental criteria are promotes urban sprawl).taken into account. An underlying understanding of, and Check with local decision makers and key stake-commitment to, sustainability principles is an essentialholders with a say in relevant policy fields to whatplanning fundamental that will help to orient the SUMPextent the sustainability principles are in line withdevelopment process at an overall strategic level.the current political agenda. As a starting point, try to achieve broad agreementon making sustainability principles the underlyingDefinition: fundament of the work on SUMP.A sustainable transport system A sustainable transport system meets socie- tys economic, social and environmental needs whilst minimising its undesirable impacts on the economy, society and the environment. Source: Renewed EU Sustainable Development Strategy as adopted by the European Council on 15/16 June 2006, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 15 16. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellActivities beyond essentialTiming and coordinationrequirements At the beginning of the planning process. Sustain- Reinforce your commitment to sustainable urbanability principles to be considered throughout the mobility by joining the Covenant of the Mayors and/ whole planning process. or the CiViTAS Forum (details see below). Make sure that a clear distinction is made between Checklist access to services and facilities (mobility) and traffic/ transport: The first is the objective of all activities,Analysis concluded on the extent to the purpose; the second is the instrument to real- which sustainability criteria guide current ize access and mobility. An overall principle could be policies relevant to urban mobility. to provide access for the citizens with less traffic (=Overall commitment to sustainability less resources, less costs, less fuel, less pollution,principles from key stakeholders achieved. less accidents etc.). Examples CiViTAS Forum Network Currently there are 186 member cities in the CiViTAS Forum Network that have signed the CiViTAS Decla- ration. The CiViTAS Forum is open to all cities that want to learn more about the usefulness of individual measures that support clean urban transport, and the best ways to combine and integrate them onSource: www.civitas-initiative.eu a large scale. Participating cities have to prove their political and technical commitments to introduce ambitious, integrated urban transport strategies. Covenant of Mayors Specifically, this means that the city plans to The European Union (EU) is leading the global fight achieve a significant change in the modal split, inagainst climate change, and has made it a top prior-favour of sustainable transportation modes;ity. Its ambitious targets are spelt out in the EU follow an integrated approach, by addressing asClimate Action and Energy Package, which commitsmany of the categories of CiViTAS instrumentsMember States to curb their CO2 emissions by atand measures as possible in its policy.least 20% by 2020. Signatories of the Covenant of Each city must commit itself to the introduc- Mayors contribute to these policy objectives through tion of an ambitious, sustainable urban trans-a formal commitment to go beyond this target port policy. This commitment must be politicallythrough the implementation of a Sustainable Energy endorsed in the CiViTAS Forum Declaration byAction Plan. the signature of a local politician who has executive power (Councillor or (Vice) Mayor). Details see: Details see: www.eumayors.eu http://civitas.eu/cms_network.phtml?id=37116 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 17. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellActivity 1.2: Assess impact of Requirements or initiatives for coordination andregional/national frameworkintegration of different policies, e.g. the integration of local and regional land use planningRationalesuch as new housing developments or businessSustainable urban mobility planning is focused onparks in the region can decisively change mobilitythe level of the urban agglomeration. Neverthe-patterns on the local level.less it is embedded in a wider regional and national Create a synopsis of relevant regional/ nationalframework for planning activities in the field of urban framework with suggestions as to how to addressmobility. This includes for example regulations, fund-these points for the local SUMP.ing streams or higher level strategies for spatial andtransport development (e.g. a national transport plan, Activities beyond essentialwhere one exists). It is crucial to assess the impact of requirementsthe regional/ national framework to fully exploit oppor- Possibility to include further recommendations.tunities and avoid conflicts with higher level authoritiesat a later point.Timing and coordination At the beginning of the planning process, within aAimsfew weeks. Ensure that relevant regional and national frame- Consider relevant results throughout the whole work conditions for SUMP are identified. planning process and for measure design, take it Gain a clear perspective on how the regional and particularly into account when defining the develop- national framework will influence the sustaina-ment process and scope of plan (SUMP Element 2). ble urban mobility planning process and design of measures. ChecklistTasks Relevant documents from national Identify, document and assess: and regional level reviewed and Legal regulations and guidance for an SUMP (ifresults summarised. any) Regional/ national funding criteria that relate toOpportunities and potential problems an SUMP identified that might result from Higher level plans, strategies and objectives thatregional and national framework might influence your SUMP or what your SUMP conditions. can do. For example, a National Roads Author- itys plans for new or improved roads could work against the objectives of a citys SUMP by encour- aging more driving into the city. The SUMP will have to take this into account. Higher level influence on responsibilities or planning perimeter for an SUMPGUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan17 18. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellExamples France: National framework and legal aspects The first development of the Plans de Dplacements Urbains (PDUs) the French SUMP followed the adoption of the Loi des transports intrieurs (Law on domestic transport; LOTI) in December 1982. This law stipulates the goal, general objectives and Source: www.sxc.hu | Pascal THAUVIN orientations of the PDUs. The general goal of a PDU is to ensure a sustainable equilibrium between the needs for mobility and accessibility with the protec-PDU observatory that evaluates annually the progress tion of the environment and health. The Loi sur lairmade in the realisation of different PDU activities. The et lutilisation rationelle de lnergie (Clean air andPDU should also be compatible with a range of other rational use of energy law; LAURE) of December plans and strategies such as those on urban develop- 1996 made it obligatory for all agglomerations withment, on air quality and climate protection, on territo- more than 100,000 inhabitants to develop a PDU.rial development, on higher level transport and road Transport authorities in agglomerations with lessdevelopment schemes, on access for the disabled than 100,000 inhabitants may choose to develop a and the equality act and on mobility management/ PDU on a voluntary basis. Several such authorities commuter plans. An interesting new development is have chosen to do so; others have developed similarthat the Law Grenelle 2 (2010) imposed the require- documents, although they were not legally obligatedment to measure CO2 levels before the implemen- to do so (e.g. Schma de Dplacement Urbain, ortation of an SUMP, and another one after five years. Politique Globale de Dplacement). This evaluation supplements the 2005 regulation that The Loi solidarit et renouvellement urbains (solidar- obliges an environmental impact assessment to be ity and urban renovation law; SRU) of December 2000carried out during the elaboration of a PDU. reinforced the PDU as an instrument. This legislationSource: Rupprecht Consult, based on: enlarged the number of mobility issues to be dealt Plan de Dplacements Urbains: Panorama 2009, GART, Paris, with, and also made it a reference document for mobil- avril 2010. ity, urban development, social cohesion and environ- Les Plans de Dplacements Urbains, Bilan et Perspectives, mental protection. Therewith, the PDU changed from GART, Paris, 2005. a simple forward-looking document into an integra- Transport public et dplacement dans les schma de Cohrenceterritoriale, Actes du colloque organise le 13 septembre 2005, tive programming document of infrastructures andGART, Paris, 2005. accompanying measures. The law also imposed theLoi Handicap: 1 an aprs, Confrence de presse, Phillippe Bas, inclusion of a more detailed financial plan and a calen- Ministre dlgu la Scurit sociale, aux personnes ges, aux dar for the integrated actions and activities. Finally,Personnes handicapes et la famille, 9 fvrier 2006. AUCAM,le Plan de Dplacement Urbain (PDU), Que savons nous, N27, the law requires an evaluation and review of the PDUCaen, octobre 2010. at the latest five years after the final approval of the plan. Most metropolitan authorities have set up a18GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 19. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellActivity 1.3: Identify and analyse drivers and barriers for trans-Conduct self-assessment port development in your urban agglomeration. Contextual barriers that affect the whole sustain-Rationaleable urban mobility planning process (e.g. insti-A self-assessment at the beginning of the planning tutional, legal, financial for example, is the busprocess is needed to identify strengths and weak-company private, or controlled by another level ofnesses and to understand your own potential to run a government?successful sustainable urban mobility planning proc- Process barriers that may arise in the courseess. The assessment should cover the current statusof the planning (e.g. management, communica-of transport planning (how close to SUMP are you?) astion between different departments who will bewell as the contextual and process barriers and driv-involved in SUMP development and implementa-ers that might influence the sustainable urban mobil-tion).ity planning process. This will help to determine what Identify drivers that can support process andthe planning process will look like in your own localimplementation.context. The self-assessment should consider the Assess social exclusion aspects and solutions in theneeds of the whole community, i.e. for example also framework of transport policies. This means consid-address social inclusion and gender questions.ering the needs of the whole community, includingall vulnerable groups such as children, disabledAimspeople, the elderly, low income households, minority Get an honest and clear picture on the strengths,groups etc. Gender aspects, i.e. giving women and weaknesses and opportunities with regard to devel- men the same opportunities, should also be looked oping an SUMP in your own local context (e.g. politi-at. Important questions are: cal, institutional, legal framework). Does the transport system guarantee equal Develop a tailored sustainable urban mobility plan- access, affordability and availability (or related ning process that fits the local context. mobility options)? Do transport-related measures facilitate employ-Tasksment and support the development of an inclusive Analyse the status of different SUMP elements labour market?in your current local transport planning (are they Carry out an honest self-assessment as a startingconsidered fully, to a limited degree or not at all?).point for improving planning processes and policies.You may use this document to check whether theThe outcome does not necessarily have to be madeElements and Activities described have alreadypublic.been established in your city or region. This way youcan identify gaps in current planning practice thatshould be addressed in the new SUMP.GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan19 20. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellTools Self-assessment methodologies achieved, as well as on how it organises its SUMP. Internal meeting and review The City of Gent and the City of Ljubljana employed A self assessment can be as simple as a group peer reviewers to help them reflect on what they of people who are involved in the planning proc-have achieved, and how they might do better in their ess sitting down together to discuss the strengthsSUMPs. (See also example from BUSTRIP project and weaknesses of current processes and how toon the next page) improve them. An independent facilitator can help in this. If desired, this can be coupled with a full SWOT-analysis. This method was used by Derby- Use of quality management systems shire County Council in the UK, as a way of improv- and labels ing its local transport planning (SUMP) processes,Quality management systems (QMS) are designed and of taking into account changes in other areas ofto assess organisational processes and offer guid- planning that affected the LTP. ance on how to improve them. When a certain level of organisational quality is judged to have been achieved, a label or certificate is awarded. The most well known form of quality management system is ISO9001, which evolved out of quality management primarily in the manufacturing industry, and so was initially designed for production processes. More relevant to sustainable urban mobility planning might be the Common Assessment Framework, which is available free of charge to all EU Member States and is particularly aimed at the public sector. Source: FGM Finally, some specific quality management systems that deal with certain aspects of sustainable mobility are currently available: Bypad is a QMS for cycling Peer review (www.bypad.org), and MaxQ is a QMS for mobility Another way of reviewing the planning environment management (www.epomm.eu). The City of Lund in for an SUMP is by means of a peer review. This is Sweden has applied MaxQ to improve the mobility where one or more sustainable urban mobility plan-management policy that sits within the wider frame- ners, or other experts in the field, are invited to work of its well known SUMP, Lundamats. QMSs review the situation in a city before it prepares its to assess the quality of a citys entire sustainable (latest) SUMP. The peer reviewer can consider the mobility policy are currently (2011) under develop- quality of the planning process and organisations inment in the IEE STEER projects Ecomobility SHIFT place and can also help to benchmark its outputs(www.ecomobility.org/shift/), QUEST and ADVANCE and outcomes against the best in class, thus giving (no websites available at time of writing). the city feedback on what it has done and what it has Source: Tom Rye, Edinburgh Napier University20GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 21. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellActivities beyond essential Timing and coordinationrequirements At the beginning of the planning process, with Apply peer-review methodology with external experts.results to be taken into account for the design of Apply quality management systems. locally tailored sustainable urban mobility planning process ( Activity 2.4 Agree on work plan and management arrangements). Link to Activity 1.4: Review availability of resources. ToolsSelf assessment and peer review inBUSTRIP projectThe BUSTRIP project used a peer review methodto help the partner cities understand the status oftheir urban transport planning, policies, activitiesand processes. The methodology was designed toassist partner cities in preparing and implementing Source: Sakari Saarinensustainable urban transport plans and actions.BUSTRIP peer reviews were performance assess- served as background information for a peer reviewments; considered judgments of peers (experts fromteam that was nominated specifically for each part-other partner cities) on status and progress made ner city. The peers desk-reviewed the self assess-(performance) by municipalities towards an agreed-ment report and set up with city the actual peerupon benchmark of sustainable urban transport.review visit. As a next step, the peer review teamThe BUSTRIP SUTP Benchmark was adapted from visited the city for 35 days and carried out a reviewthe final report of the EU Expert Working Group onon the basis of the self-assessment and on meetingsSustainable Urban Transport Plans 2004. The bench-and interviews with stakeholders, interest groups,mark described the characteristics that should be politicians and civil servants. After the visit, theevident within Sustainable Urban Transport Plans. team wrote its peer review report for the reviewedAs a first step of the peer review process the cities city who then used both their own self-assessmentprepared self-assessment reports describing the report and the peer review teams report in the nextprogress being made in the municipality towards steps of the planning process and preparation of thesustainable urban transport. The self-assessmentcitys Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan.reports included the municipality profile, the driv-BUSTRIP peer review methodology document is available from:ers and impacts related to urban transport, and the www.bustrip-project.net/documents.htmgap analysis describing the processes the city hadAuthor: Sakari Saarinen, Finland (formerly Union of Baltic Cities,used in preparing its existing transport related plans, now City of Helsinki)strategies, actions, and targets. This description wascompared to the ideal characteristics of the bench-mark for preparing SUTPs. The self-assessmentGUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 21 22. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ell Examples Koprivnica, Croatia: Identify and focus on strengths in order to eliminate weaknesses At the very beginning of the Active Access project (www.active-access.eu) in which Koprivnica partici- pates to promote cycling and walking, a detailed status-analysis was carried out. This was based on a self-assessment carried out by the municipality itself, an extensive consultation process with a Source: City of Koprivnica photo gallery range of stakeholders as well as a public survey. The public survey was conducted repeatedly, target-The citys mobility plan attempts to eliminate weak- ing those who walk and cycle regularly, as well as nesses by focusing on these strengths. When car those who primarily drive their cars.drivers were asked in the public survey whether they The self-assessment has revealed that the city would change their mobility patterns if there was has excellent conditions to promote sustainablea proper infrastructure in place, there was over- mobility. The urban structure is level, compact andwhelming support. All in all, a solid self-assess- has enough space to install an extensive bicycle ment was crucial in choosing the right focus for network. Already now 30% of the population walk or Koprivnicas mobility planning, and assured great cycle regularly. 70% of school children go to school public acceptance also during the implementation using public transport, cycling or by foot. In the phase. summer vacation period the number of pedestrians and cyclists even outnumber that of cars.Eltis case studies with more information on Koprivni-ca: http://www.Eltis.org/index.php?ID1=6&id=62Source: Gbor Heves, Regional Environmental Center for Centraland Eastern Europe Checklist Appropriate self-assessment carried out. Strengths and weaknesses with regard to developing an SUMP identified. Results summarised as starting point to optimise locally tailored planning process.22 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 23. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellActivity 1.4:TasksReview availability of resources Assess skills available within the leadingorganisation(s) and among stakeholders. EnsureRationale that all core skills for sustainable urban mobilityClosely linked to the self-assessment is the question ofplanning are considered. See list below.the available resources for carrying out the sustainable Develop a simple skill management plan thaturban mobility planning process and for implementingoutlines a strategy to cover skill gaps (e.g. throughmeasures. This includes human resources (i.e. avail-training, cooperation, subcontracting). This shouldable staff and skills) as well as financial resources.be done by someone who is familiar with the sustain-Without sufficient resources it will be difficult to runable urban mobility planning process (if applicablea successful SUMP. For most public authorities, the in cooperation with your human resources manag-specific skills required for running the SUMP process er). See figure below.will exceed the capacities of their staff. While it may Define the required budget for the sustainablebe common practice to bring in external expertise for urban mobility planning process and ensure politi-particular technical tasks it is also important to thinkcal approval.about building up expertise in your own organisation, Assess the likely budgetary framework for measureand co-operating with other stakeholder over the long implementation. Consider local, regional, nationalterm. The aim is to cover immediate skill requirementsand EU funding opportunities. This will probably still,by sub-contracting if needed, but also to develop andbe a rough estimate at this stage, but will help youkeep expertise on sustainable urban mobility planning stay realistic.within your own organisation. Activities beyond essentialAims requirements Ensure that the necessary (wide) range of skills for Cooperation between responsible organisations to managing and driving the SUMP process are avail- fill potential skill gaps. able in your local authority and among stakeholders. Involvement of external partners (e.g. consultants, Balance short-term skill requirements and capac- universities) to fill skill gaps as needed. ity building for the local sustainable urban mobility Recruitment: In the case of skill shortages, consider planning community.hiring people with a non-transport-related back- Assess the confirmed and potential financial ground for specific tasks (e.g. marketing). This kind resources for running the planning process and for of thinking outside the box helps bring in the fresh implementing measures. perspective that is a key part of sustainable urbanmobility planning. Also consider combining theresources of different stakeholders to finance staff(see Aachen example below). Timing and coordination From the outset, essential for the constitution of the SUMP team that will actually carry out the planning processGUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 23 24. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ell Details on the tasks Developing a skill management plan Management skillsIdentify core skill Technical skillsrequirements Operative skills Skills Profile of responsible Motivation (organisations & organisations (deficits individuals) and strength) Cooperation Skill management optionsTrainingAdd expertise InternalExternal Cooperation Recruitment SubcontractsAvailable financial resources Schedule of SUT-planningSkill management plan (Figure amended from PILOT project 2007, www.pilot-transport.org/)24 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 25. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellCore skill requirements for sustainable urban mobility planning Management skills (required during the entire sustainable urban mobility planning process) Project management (incl. political liaison) Technical management Financial management Staff management (incl. managing multidisciplinary teams made up of internal and external staff) Technical skills (required during the entire process) Urban planning and transport planning Other important sectoral policies (economic, social, environmental) Basic knowledge of policy at other levels regional, national, EU Operational skills (required for particular Activities)Related Element/ Activity Activity 2.4 Plan stakeholder and citizen involvement Element 4. Develop a common vision Stakeholder and citizen involvement Activity 9.3 Create ownership of the plan Activity 10.2 Inform and engage citizens (measure implementation) Element 3. Analyse the mobility situation and develop scenarios Development, monitoring and Element 5. Set priorities and measurable targets evaluation of indicators Element 8. Build monitoring and evaluation into the plan Element 3. Analyse the mobility situation and develop options Data collection and analysis Element 8. Build monitoring and assessment into the plan Modelling and scenario developmentActivity 3.2 Develop scenarios Activity 2.3 Plan stakeholder and citizen involvement Information and publicElement 4. Develop a common vision and engage citizens relations, MarketingActivity 9.3 Create ownership of the plan Activity 10.2 Inform and engage citizens (measure implementation) Activity 2.4 Agree on work plan and management arrangements Accounting Activity 7.2 Prepare an action and budget plan Activity 7.2 Prepare an action and budget plan Procurement Activity 10.1 Manage plan implementationSource: Pilot full manual 2007, table amended, www.pilot-transport.org/index.php?id=48Checklist Skills and required financial resources for planning process analysed. Skill management plan compiled. Budget for running sustainable urban mobility planning process politically approved. Likely budgetary framework for measure implementation assessed.GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 25 26. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ell Examples Bristol, England: Skill managementrebro, Sweden: in Joint Local Transport Plan (JLTP)Promoting a new way of thinking 2005/62010/11The common view of sustainable transport was not so Ensuring continuous improvement in projectstrong in rebro when the sustainable urban mobil- management skills forms a key part of ongoing ity planning process started. To change the situation, staff development within the Councils that joined tothe city used various measures. A capacity-building develop a common LTP in the Greater Bristol area. assessment was carried out in a working group as Internal programmes of project management devel-part of the self-assessment, identifying the knowl- opment are already in place and key staff acrossedge gaps among the employees. The finding was the transport sectors are under regular review to that the municipality has a good detailed knowledge ensure standards are continuously improved. of transport-related issues but mainly within narrow Wider than project management, the authorities arefields. For many professionals a more holistic way of working with internal and external training agenciesthinking can be a bit of a revolution, says Per Elving- and local universities to explore further opportuni-son, who started as a process manager for sustain- ties for both developing existing staff and bringingable transport soon after the assessment. To facilitate new trainees into the authorities. Where external the implementation of sustainable urban transport, expertise is used the approach is to integrate thesea special unit also responsible for raising aware- staff into the project teams. This approach ensures ness among employees and politicians was set up. that through close working within a multi-discipli- The unit has, among other things, planned semi- nary project team the strengths and skills base ofnars focusing on the reduced need for cars through in-house staff are expanded and developed.spatial planning. In general, a new way of thinking Skill management is seen as critical to high qualityis the key. It must be established, especially among transport planning, which is needed to ensure suffi-key persons, to make the process more powerful. An cient government funding.important part of capacity building has been getting (JLTP2 available from http://travelplus.org.uk/ all key staff to agree on a common analysis of the our-vision/joint-local-transport-plan-2)current situation. In this respect, the SUMP template Source: City of rebr26 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 27. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ell Exampleshas been a very good tool. Meanwhile, it is impor-France: Responsibilities for PDUtant to look around at what others are doing beyond(Plans de Dplacements Urbains)municipal borders. It is very important to provide ourdevelopmentdecision-makers with very practical, good examples During the development of the PDU (=SUMP) thethat have already been tested. International coopera- relevant authority is often assisted, both in the prep-tion has become more important in this process. Over aration of the work plan, and in the development ofthe past few years, rebro has focused on exchanging the PDU itself. Some authorities delegate part of theexperiences. Study visits are an important part of thatwork to the urban development agency of which theywork. On a national level, we are trying to build upare a member, or which they select through a call foran informal network for sustainable transport amongtender. Others manage the development of the plancities of our own size in the region, Elvingson says. themselves while tendering part of the intellectualSource: BUSTRIP Project 2007, Moving sustainably Guide towork to private consultancies. The regional trans-Sustainable Urban Transport Plans, www.movingsustainably.net/port research centres (CETEs) are in general alsoindex.php/movsus:planning_processinvolved in the elaboration of the PDUs. A number of stakeholders are involved in PDU development. At a minimum, the following stakeholders should be involved during the different development steps: The PDU development stages and stakeholders involved Stages Actors involved others than the competent authority Elaboration or revisionActors associated: State; Department; Region of the PDUActors consulted: State; Department; Region; Municipalities within thegeographical area; Other consulted actors on their demand (associations Formalising of the draft PDUof transport professionals and users, environmental associations, cham-ber of commerce, etc.)Actors consulted: General public (the opinions of the public stakeholders Official public enquiryare attached to the draft PDU)The competent authority approves the PDU, if needed modified following Approval of the PDUthe consultation of the public stakeholders and the report of the publicenquiry commissionMunicipalities: compatibility of the local urban development plans, and Implementation of the PDUthe road network management; State and department: compatibility withthe national and department road network managementThe competent authority is obliged to evaluate the PDU realisation. It is Evaluation recommended to involve all actors that were involved in the initial devel-opment of the PDUSource: Rupprecht Consult, based on Transport et mobilit, les dossiers du CERTU n146,La concertation dans les PDU: pourquoi? Avec Qui? Comment?, CERTU, Lyon, janvier 2006.GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 27 28. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellExamples France: Costs of PDU development Aachen, Germany: Cooperation The costs of the development of a PDU differsbetween the city authority and the widely and depends on the scope of the PDU, thechamber of industry and commerce availability of existing plans and studies, the nature to finance a mobility manager of the envisaged PDU, and the external assistanceAn example for thinking outside the box with regard required. In France, the authority generally spendsto financial resources is the cooperation between between 200,000 and 400,000 EUR on the develop-the City of Aachens environment department and ment of a PDU. These accounts, however, are notits chamber of industry and commerce. They have always complete and some hidden costs, or costsjointly financed a part-time mobility manager since covered by external subsidies are not included in2008. The basis for this was the Clean-Air Plan, in these figures. which many measures were agreed on to promote Source: Rupprecht Consult, based on PDU, GART, April 2010.alternatives to cars, especially for trips to work.The part-time mobility manager is responsiblefor consulting the chambers member companiesregarding public transport offers and representsthe interests of the member companies in the fieldof mobility management. The mobility manager isfunded two-thirds by the City of Aachen and one-third by the chamber. The approach of bundlingfinancial resources for running mobility manage-ment is unique for Germany and a good exampleof how public authorities can maximise resourceswhen funding is tight. The joint funding of staff byinvolved parties should be considered from theSource: FGM beginning to ensure sufficient human resources toset up the plan and to monitor the implementationof measures.More information (in German) available fromwww.effizient-mobil.de/index.php?id=aachenSource: Rupprecht Consult based on input from the City of Aachen28GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 29. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellActivity 1.5: TasksDefine basic timeline Strive to fully embed sustainable urban mobility planning into the development and implementationRationaleschedule of other existing policies and strategiesEnsuring the right timing is a key to success. Steps (both overall and by sector).and stages in the SUMP process partly depend on each Choose an appropriate timeframe for building aother interdependencies need to be carefully trans-strategic and operational framework for the plan-lated into a chronological order that fulfils all logicalning process: 1-3 years (partly preceding and partlyrequirements of the process (e.g. having identifiedoverlapping with the planning process). The timeproblems before discussing objectives) and harmonis- needed for this will to a large extent depend on thees with the local conditions.experience with planning processes, institutionalIt is also crucial to consider on-going planning and structures the political context and the local plan-policy-making activities when determining the timing ning culture.for the planning process. Election periods, legislation Establish a timeframe for the sustainable urbanprocesses, regulation processes or other planningmobility planning process: in ideal case 1.5 yearsactivities may influence the SUMP process through(depending on framework conditions and experiencetheir influence on the institutional context (e.g. changethis can become longer).of decision makers, changing legislation). Take into consideration decision-making windows (e.g. elections). The months before an election itAims may be difficult to move ahead quickly. This may Build SUMP into current planning practice.influence the timing of the planning process. Strive for harmonisation of the timing of the SUMP Continue to implement quick win measures during process with different technical and political deci-setting-up the strategic and operative framework sion-making processes (e.g. overall strategies, for SUMP and during the planning process. This will sectoral plans, elections). Identify time windows for help to avoid the impression of inactivity and will coordination with SUMP. be particularly important for decision-makers who Enable realistic planning of the entire SUMP proc-need to show that they are working towards a more ess.sustainable urban mobility development. The quick Establish an overview of the general schedule ofwin measures should be short-term measures that the SUMP process (preparation, drafting, validity/can be relatively quickly implemented, have good horizon, implementation, review) and describe the visibility, contribute to sustainability goals, and will temporal interdependencies among all tasks. not jeopardize an integrated planning approach for Minimise risks related to timing. the SUMP. Choose an appropriate timeframe for implementation of measures: 3-10 years (e.g. depending on the type of measure and synchronisation with funding streams). Build in time for evaluation and a plan update after plan adoption. Review and update at least every 5 years.GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan29 30. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellIndicative timeline for SUMPStrategic and operative framework(1-3 years) Review at least Planning process every 5 years (1.5 years) (ideally every 2) (ideal case, can become longer) (during preperation and planning possibility Measure implementation to include quick win measures) 3-10 years Examples France: Timing example for PDUtogether with a hypothetical calendar. It should be development noted that on average a local authority takes 36 The development of a PDU is a long exercise ofmonths to elaborate a plan and have it approved. reflection, planning and programming. In theSource: Rupprecht Consult based on PDU, GART, Paris, 2005. following scheme the different steps are presented Hypothetical calendar for PDU preparation in France Preparation and development stepsTime line/ Month Pre-analyse Month 1 to 2 Establishment of a local workgroup, definition of the juridical perimeter Month 3 to 4 by the prefet Definition of a workplan and (if needed) choise external assistance Month 5 to 7 Analyse and interpretationMonth 8 to 10 Definition of the actions Month 11 to 13 Programming and evaluationMonth 14 to 17 Formalising of the draft PDU and juridical recognisition by the prefetMonth 18 to 20 Official consultation and public enquiryMonth 21 to 23 Inclusion of potential modificationsMonth 24 Final approval of the PDU Month 2430 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 31. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellActivities beyond essentialActivity 1.6: Identify key actorsrequirements and stakeholders Strive for integration with broader long-term strategies. Some cities/ regions have a long-term localRationale development strategy with a perspective of 20-30Identifying urban mobility stakeholders and under- years, for example developed within a local Agen- standing their potential role and position in the process da 21 process. If such a strategy is available it can are important conditions to achieve the overall goals provide orientation for the SUMP by defining some of sustainable urban mobility planning. This can help overarching aims. to identify possible conflicts and coalitions between Ideally the review and update of the SUMP shouldstakeholders, and how these in turn may affect your take place every 2 years (depending on experience planning process in terms of geographical coverage, and capacity).policy integration, resource availability and overall legitimacy. This is needed to develop appropriate waysTiming and coordinationto deal with dominant or weak stakeholders and with From the outset timing of process defined beforeintermediary positions.initiating the planning process. Continual fine-tuning of timing for specific activities Aims(e.g. press releases, meeting calendar). Create a sound basis for a durable cooperationbetween all stakeholder groups. Identify possible synergies or conflicts betweenCheckliststakeholders. Enhance the steering capacity for the preparationRealistic basic timeframe forand implementation of your plan.sustainable urban mobility planningprocess and measure implementationprepared.Tasks Identify all relevant stakeholders, as well as theirTimeframe approved by decisionobjectives, their power, their capacity and their plan-makers. ning resources (e.g. using a stakeholder mappingtool see below). Identify weaker actors that may need empowerment.For more information Strive for a planning coalition including all key actors as far as possible, avoiding substantial conflictswith one or more powerful actors. Draw up a simple GUIDEMAPS Project (20022004) Volume 2 ofstakeholder coordination strategy to guide this task. the GUIDEMAPS handbook Fact sheets gives information on time management in open planning processes (p. 22-23). www.osmose-os.org/documents/316/GUIDEMA- PSHandbook_web[1].pdfGUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 31 32. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellDetails on the tasks Who are the stakeholders of a sustainable urban mobility planning process? To obtain a comprehensive picture, three types of stakeholders should be distinguished according to their specific power position in the process: Primary stakeholders: Who will ultimately beaffected positively or negatively by new trans-port measures (e.g. citizens in general, differentsocial groups or professions, certain city districts,Source: Shifferbusiness branches, individual organisations, )? Key actors: Who has political responsibility(mayors, councillors, other authority levels)? Whorole in mobilising resources, creating alliances, etc.has the financial resources (public and private because of their personal skills and the recognitionfunds)? Who has the authority (by domain or terri-they receive among local actors. In practice, suchtory)? Who has the skills and expertise (public persons can have an extraordinary influence on theadministrations, universities, private sector, )?process, both positively and negatively, so their role in transport and related domains (land use, requires an early strategic assessment.environment, education, health, tourism, ) Obviously stakeholder identification is not a task Intermediaries: Who implements transport policy that can be concluded once and for all at the begin-(PT and infrastructure operators, public admin- ning of the planning process. Rather, it needs toistrations, police, )? Who carries out major be taken up repeatedly when scenarios and policytransport activities (freight operators, harbours,options become more concrete, and implicationsairports, ..)? Who represents pertinent interestfor stakeholders can be assessed more accurately.groups (associations, chambers, cooperatives, Even for some key actors, a re-assessment may turnnetworks)? Who informs and reports on transport out to be necessary as a consequence of changing(authorities, operators, local media, )? circumstances (e.g. privatisation of a national rail-way operator). In addition, consider the role of existing local cham- Source: PILOT manual 2007 full version, www.pilot-transport.org/ pions key individuals who may play a significant index.php?id=4832GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 33. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellTypical stakeholder groups involved in transport projects (based on GUIDEMAPS)Communities / Local Government / AuthoritiesBusinesses / Operators OthersNeighbourhoods Transport operators/National environmental Local authorities Research institutionsproviders NGOsNeighbouring cities Transport consultants Motorist associations Universities Local transport authorityCar sharing companies Trade unionsTraining institutionsTraffic police Bicycle rental operators Media Experts from other cities Other local transport Other mobility providersLocal authority Forums FoundationsbodiesOther local authorityNational businessLocal community bodiesassociationsorganisations Politicians Major employersLocal interest groupsOther decision-makersPrivate financiers Cycle/walking groups International/national Public transport userPartnering organisatons businessgroups Project managersRegional/local business Transport usersLocal business Professional staffCitizens associationsEmergency services Small businessesVisitors Citizens in neighbouring Health & safety executivesRetailers citiesUtility services (e.g.European Union Disabled peopleelectric, telecoms)Ministry of transport Engineers/contractors Landowners Other national ministries Transport staff Regional governmentParents/childrenOlder peopleSource: based on GUIDEMAPS Handbook 2004,www.osmose-os.org/documents/316/GUIDEMAPSHandbook_web[1].pdfGUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan33 34. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epa r ing w ellTools Analysis of actor constellations The objective of a systematic analysis of actor constel- After stakeholders have been identified, the constel-lations is to get a clear picture of conflicts of inter- lations between these actors should be analysed. For ests or potential coalitions and to be able to better the success of the involvement process, such a stake-determine clusters of stakeholders who may exhibit holder analysis is crucial. It is recommended to basedifferent levels of interest, capacities, and interest in this analysis on a list of different criteria or attributesthe issue in question. This can, for example, be done which are relevant for the respective case, e.g. inter-by developing an Influence-Interest Matrix, a matrix est, power, influence on each other, coalitions, etc.for identifying and grouping stakeholders by their This way you can find out what the objectives of eachlevel of influence/ importance: stakeholder are, what their hidden agendas are, and whether they regard themselves as winners or losers if a given project is implemented. Influence-Interest Matrix Low Influence High Influenceuseful for decision and opinionLow stake least Priority Stakeholder Groupformulation, brokeringimportant stakeholder groupHigh stakemost critical stakeholder group perhaps in needs of empowerment Source: UN-Habitat: Tools to Support Participatory Urban Decision Making, Nairobi, 2001, p. 24. available from: http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=1122Timing and coordination Checklist From the outset identification and analysis ofstakeholders.Stakeholder groups identified: Primary Reassess if changes in stakeholder group occur. stakeholders, key actors, intermediaries. Analysis of actor constellations carried out. Basic stakeholder coordination strategy developed.34 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 35. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epe a r ing w ellElement 2: Define the development process and scope of planPreparing well Look beyond your own Plan stakeholder and citizen 2.12.3 boundaries and responsibilitiesinvolvement Strive for policy coordination and Agree on workplan and 2.22.4 an integrated planing approach management arrangementsThe sustainable urban mobility planning process needsdistance connections (e.g. Trans-European Networksto be tailored to the local situation. This includes as a TENs) with the last urban mile is also crucial for thecrucial step the definition of the geographical scopecompetitiveness of urban agglomerations.of the plan, which ideally should address the func-tional urban agglomeration. Stakeholder cooperationAimsand policy integration are other fields that need to be Define the planning perimeter, ideally integrat-addressed in this phase, which should be concludeding functional spatial interdependencies and trafficwith an agreement on the work plan and management flows (e.g. travel to work area).arrangements. Identify the appropriate body/bodies to take leader-ship for the planning process. Obtain a decision at the political level to approve theActivity 2.1: Look beyond your owngeographical coverage and the lead organisation.boundaries and responsibilities Ensure that the connection to long-distance trans-port corridors is also on the agenda within the plansRationale activities.A plan must relate to a specific territory for which it isperformed. Since a commonly accepted definition of the Tasksurban agglomeration will probably never exist, the Analyse transport patterns and organisationalmost suitable spatial coverage needs to be agreed on by perimeters. Include also links to long-distancethe stakeholders concerned. On the one hand, the area transport corridors.for which the respective local or regional authorities are Communicate with stakeholders and negotiate over-responsible needs to be taken into consideration. On theall responsibility for the plan.other hand, the actual mobility patterns need to be taken Involve key stakeholders and authorities within theinto account, ideally covering the functional agglomera-envisaged planning perimeter and strive for formaltion. A political-level agreement on a suitable planningagreements on geographical scope of planningperimeter and responsibilities is an essential require- activities.ment for sustainable urban mobility planning. Take an open and transparent approach from theLooking beyond your own boundaries also means outset, securing the involvement of all authoritiesconsidering the importance of linking up the local/ concerned.regional transport network to long-distance transport Ensure regular communication and exchangecorridors. Ensuring a seamless integration of long-between relevant authorities.GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan35 36. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epe a r ing w ell If it is not fully possible to define the planning perim- Timing and coordinationeter oriented at the functional urban agglomeration, From the outset agreement is required before initi-at least strive for good co-operation with all actors in ating the official sustainable urban mobility plan-this area to address the challenges that can only be ning process.dealt with on the scale of the wider urban agglom-eration. This can build on existing cooperation or Checklistinvolve new practices (e.g. formal procedures suchas joint land-use plans or informal procedures suchMost appropriate SUMP area identified.as working groups).Agreement achieved on geographicalActivities beyond essential coverage.requirementsAgreement achieved on the basic roles Create a strong cross-authority team of permanentand responsibilities of authorities and staff, reporting regularly to all key decision-makerspoliticians. and politicians. Ensure coverage of all areas linked to major socio-Planning team created. economic and environmental transport impacts.Political agreement signed and adopted byall municipal councils. Examples England: Joint Local TransportAn example is the West Yorkshire Local Transport Plans Plan. The West Yorkshire LTP Partnership comprises In England joint Local Transport Plans (LTPs) haveLeeds City Council and four other local authorities been produced by a number of local authoritiesthat cover the county of West Yorkshire (Bradford, working collaboratively to good effect. Such part-Calderdale, Kirklees and Wakefield) and the West nerships can help develop policies offering moreYorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (Metro). strategic outcomes to a wider area. For details see: www.wyltp.com/Source: West Yorkshire Metro36 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 37. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epe a r ing w ellExamplesFor more informationFrance: Plans de Dplacements Expert Working Group on SUTP,Urbains (PDUs)D4 Final Report (2004)The development of PDUs is well embedded in A background paper to the expert group reportthe urban planning culture of France. The entityincludes a chapter on Spatial coverage andresponsible for the elaboration of these mobility responsible authorities, which describes the prac-plans is the urban transport authority (Autorittice regarding these aspects in France, Italy andorganisatrice de transport urbain (AOTU)). This the UK (see chapter 1.2, p. 4 in background paper).is often a metropolitan authority, a public trans-port authority or in some cases an individual Available from:municipality. The geographical scope is limited http://ec.europa.eu/environment/by the public transport service area. In around urban/pdf/final_report050128.pdf80% of the SUMPs the plan is developed andmanaged by a metropolitan authority.Source: Rupprecht Consult, based on Plan de Dplace-ments Urbains: Panorama 2009, GART, Paris, April 2010.(page 9)Activity 2.2: Strive for policy Aimscoordination and an integrated Acknowledge the interactions between changes inplanning approachurban structures (density, functions, socio-economic patterns, ecosystems) and mobility.Rationale Ensure that linkages between different transportA principal shortcoming of urban transport planningmodes are considered rather than addressing themtoday is the lack of coordination between policies in isolation.and organisations, far beyond an integration of trans- Establish the planning of mobility and transport asport modes (e.g. coordination with land-use planning,a shared policy domain, truly serving the differentenvironmental protection, social inclusion, gender needs of society economic, social, environmentalequity, economic development, safety, health, educa- and not as an end in itself.tion, information technologies). Addressing this deficit Define how sustainable urban mobility planning andrepresents a major challenge for sustainable urban other policies at local, regional, national and Euro-mobility planning, but is also a main source for innova- pean level can be integrated.tion and improvement.GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 37 38. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epe a r ing w ellTasks Timing and coordination Review plans that may impact sustainable urban From the outset as a continual activity mobility planning, e.g. national and regional plans (> related to Activity 1.2 Assess impact of region-Checklist al/national level), relevant plans from other policy domains at the local level, plans of transport compa- Relevant policy linkages identified (syner- nies, and plans of neighbouring municipalities. gies and conflicts). Identify coordination requirements and potential Initial options for policy integration across all relevant policy domains and levels. An assessed. example is the relation between land-use planning and transport. Transport impacts need to be consid- Dialogue established with all concerned ered in the land-use planning process to maximise actors about integration possibilities. the use of sustainable travel to new developments. Initial prioritisation of integration options Check whether the goals and objectives of the plans decided. support or conflict with sustainable urban mobility planning. There could be a conflict, for example, if aAssessment and prioritisation specified health improvement plan emphasises physical activityaccording to advanced scenario building only through organised sport, as opposed to through results > see Activity 3.2). increased walking and cycling for everyday trips. Take an open and transparent approach to actor cooperation from the outset, securing the involvement of actors from different policy fields (e.g. different administrative departments). Develop common actions in cooperation with actors from other policy fields. Strive for a modification of sectoral policies and practices and/or create new fields of activity. Ensure regular communication and exchange between relevant authorities (and within authorities, e.g. through regular meetings between transport and land-use planners). Make sure that linkages between different transport modes are taken into account and intermodal- ity become a topic within the SUMP. This includes links to long-distance transport corridors such as the trans-European transport network (for details see: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/infrastructure/ index_en.htm).38 GUIDELINES Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 39. S U M P E le m en t s a nd Act i v i t ies p h a se 1: p r epe a r ing w ell ExamplesLondon, England: CongestionKouvola region, Finland:charging the need for an Inter-sectoral working groupintegrated approachIn the Kouvola Region of Finland, the SUMP was alsoA good example to illustrate the need for an inte- linked to regional, state level and EU policies. Wegrated approach is a congestion charging schemeneed to look at policies all the way from the top to such as the one implemented in London. This pow- the bottom, making the whole process more coher-erful measure to contain road traffic by charging us-ent and influence policies and processes made byers directly modifies the composition and volume ofregional and national actors, sa

Sump guidelines web0

Technology

asustainable urban mobility

mobility situation

work plan

plan stakeholder

scope of plan

gbor heves rupprecht

guidelines sump elements

sump cycle