Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin
Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin.
Jan 04, 2016
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Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness
Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin
Introduction• Faces can be
discriminated from other objects, even when they are not consciously visible
• However, it is not
clear which type of subordinate information is processed (identity? Race? Gender? Expression? Just categorical?)
Morris, J.P., Pelphrey, K.A. & McCarthy, G. (2007). Processing without awareness in the right fusiform gyrus. Neuropsychologia
Methods: Gender and Race Adaptation (Webster, Kaping, Mizokami & Kuhamel, 2004)
Adaptor (male/female) Target (unclear gender)
Adaptation effect = (%adaptor and target were incongruent ) - (%adaptor and target were congruent)
MethodsFemale male
Asian European
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
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CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
CFS (invisible)
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
Dominant
Methods
Gender
Race
Non Dominant
Methods
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
300ms (ISI)
Dominant
300ms (ISI)
Methods
300ms (ISI)
Dominant
300ms (ISI)
Methods
Predictions
• The occurrence of a bias when the adaptor is invisible would indicate that information about gender and race can be extracted from invisible faces.
• If the bias would occur only when the adaptors are visible, it would mean that such information is dependent on conscious awareness.
Results
**
*
* **
The Correlation between effect size and visibility
p = 0.12 p < 0.025
Summary
• The goal of the present study was to determine whether information about race and gender can be processed without awareness.
• We examined whether the presentation of adaptor faces can bias the classification of an ambiguous face’s gender or race when the adaptor is not consciously visible.
Conclusions
• An adaptation effect occurred that correlates and increases with subjective visibility.
• Information about a faces gender and race depends on the amount of time that a face is subjectively visible for.
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