Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Koppen system. 3. According to the Koppen classification system describe a “A”, “B”"C", “D”, “E”, and “H” climate 4. Describe the function of a climograph. 5. Using a climograph identify the name of the area, the Koppen classification,
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Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification.
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Study Guide Chapter 8
1. Explain the difference between climate and weather.2. Describe the two atmospheric elements used in
determining the Koppen classification system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Koppen system.
3. According to the Koppen classification system describe a “A”, “B”"C", “D”, “E”, and “H” climate
4. Describe the function of a climograph.5. Using a climograph identify the name of the area, the
Koppen classification, latitude, longitude, average temperature for one year, average temperature for each month in degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit, precipitation for each month in inches and centimeters.
6. Distinguish between empirical and genetic classification.
Study Guide Continued
7. What five items affect climate? Briefly explain each item.
8. Explain what the greenhouse effect is. What gases are involved. What is the most important greenhouse gas. 9. What are some possible effects of the global warming.
10. What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?
Weather are short term measurements taken for a specific time and specific area.Climate is a collection of weather data for a long period of time.
Causes of Climate Change
a. Astronomical variation in the earth’s orbit-Milankovitch’s predictions-glacial cycles
b. Eccentricity cycle-ellipse to circular (100,000 year cycle) shape of orbit
c. Obliquity cycle-tilt varies-41,000 yeard. Precession cycle-time of perihelion 21,000
years
Fig. 8-19, p. 222
Fig. 8-19b, p. 222
Changes in climate
Changes in output of solar energy or transparency of outer space-11 year sunspot cycle
Causes of climate change
• Humans
• Natural changes- volcano
Causes of climate change
• Changes in ocean-salinity, hot, cold water-glaciers
• Changes in landmasses-continents in polar region- more glaciers-
Fig. 8-15, p. 216
Koppen classification
• E=Polar
• B=dry,arid, semiarid
• C= Humid Mesothermal (mild winter)
• D=Humid Microthermal (severe winter) _
• A=Humid tropical climates
• H=Highlands
The Koppen classification system precipitation and temperature.
Pg. 230 E and B climate
Fig. 8-CO, p. 204
E=Polar
Fig. 9-18, p. 252
Arid/SemiaridB
Fig. 9-14
Fig. 9-15b, p. 249
Fig. 9-20b, p. 253
pg. 231C and D climate
Fig. 10-3, p. 261
C= Mild winter
Fig. 10.1Fig 10.1Fig. 10.1
Climograph
Fig. 10-19, p. 274
D=Severe winter
Fig. 10-11b, p. 266
Fig. 10-16
Pg. 231 A climate
Fig. 9-CO, p. 234
A=Tropical
Fig. 9-5
Fig. 9-3b, p. 239
Fig. 9-8a, p. 243
Fig. 9-9a, p. 244
Am- Tropical monsoon
Fig. 9-10a, p. 245
Fig. 9-13, p. 246
Aw- Tropical Savannah
Fig. 8-14, p. 215
HighlandsH
Every Temp <10 CYes E
Yearly
Precip. <89 cm. Yes B
No
No
Every Temp>18 C
Yes
A
Koppen Classification
Continued nextpage
No
Koppen Classification
One Temp<-3 C Yes D
No
C
B climate
• Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomena on earth. Global warming is the belief that human activities are influencing global climate.
• Determine if you need to use even distribution, summer concentration, or winter concentration graph. (Graph 1)
• Summer concentration- 70% of precipitation occurs from April-September
• Winter concentration- 70% of rain occurs from October-March.
• Even distribution- Does not fit summer or winter concentration
The Koppen system classifies based on three letters. Each letter indicates certain precipitation and temperature values. First letter flow chartSecond and third Appendix.