Structure of Muscle. Sliding Filament Hypothesis n During Contraction n Proteins DO NOT actually shorten n Rather they slide past one another n Support.

Structure of Muscle

Sliding Filament Hypothesis During Contraction

Proteins DO NOT actually shorten Rather they slide past one another

Support Changes in Sarcomere Bands Actual measurement of proteins Length-Tension Characteristics

Sliding Filament Hypothesis During Contraction

Proteins DO NOT actually shorten Rather they slide past one another

Support Changes in Sarcomere Bands Actual measurement of proteins Length-Tension Characteristics

Length - Tension Characteristics Stretch Muscle to Various Lengths Measure Active Tension

1.25 1.65 2.00 2.25 3.650

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Sarcomere Length

Te

ns

ion

Troponin - Tropomyosin Complex

Myosin Head

MyosinBinding

Site

Actin

TropomyosinFilament

T

C

I

Ca Binding Sites

Troponin - Tropomyosin Complex

Myosin Head

MyosinBinding

Site

Actin

T C

I

Ca

Troponin - Tropomyosin Complex

Myosin Head MyosinBinding

Site

Actin

T C

I

Ca

Troponin - Tropomyosin Complex

Myosin Head

MyosinBinding

Site

Actin

T

C

I

Ca

Plunger Model forRelease of Ca++ from SR

Ca

++++ ++++

---- ----

Ca

++++ ++++

---- ----

Ca

++++ ++++

---- ----

ATP Ca

DihydropyridineReceptor

RyanodineReceptor

Summary of Excitation-Contraction Coupling

Ca

Ca

Muscle Mechanics – Series Elastic Component (SEC)

Muscle Mechanics – Series Elastic Component (SEC)

Muscle Mechanics – Series Elastic Component (SEC)

Variation in Muscle Tension

Muscle Fiber Types

Type I

Type IIa

Type IIb

Braided Pneumatic Actuator

Colburn Test Rig

Length – Tension Characteristics

Festo Actuators

Air Insect - Kirchner

Buckling

Mini-Braided Pneumatics:Matt Birch and Alan Pollack

Electroactive Polymer – SRI et al

http://ndeaa.jpl.nasa.gov/nasa-nde/lommas/eap/EAP-web.htm