Streamflow-Hydrograph Methods for Estimating Ground-Water ...va.water.usgs.gov/delwkshp2005/presentations/... · Streamflow-Hydrograph Methods for Estimating Ground-Water Recharge

Streamflow-Hydrograph Methods for Estimating

Ground-Water Recharge

Streamflow-Hydrograph Methods for Estimating

Ground-Water Recharge

Dennis RisserUSGS

New Cumberland, Pennsylvania

Dennis RisserUSGS

New Cumberland, Pennsylvania

GROUND-WATER RECHARGEGROUNDGROUND--WATER RECHARGEWATER RECHARGE

Recharge is the addition of water to the saturated zone.

It is difficultto measure directly.

POPULAR METHODS FOR ESTIMATING GW RECHARGE

POPULAR METHODS FOR POPULAR METHODS FOR ESTIMATING GW RECHARGEESTIMATING GW RECHARGE

Water-Table Rise Water Budget Stream-Hydrograph Recharge

WATER-TABLE RISEWATERWATER--TABLE RISETABLE RISE

Estimating ground-water recharge with wells.

WATERTABLERISE

WELL

Recharge = Rise x Sy

WATER BUDGET METHODWATER BUDGET METHODWATER BUDGET METHOD

EVAPOTRANSPORATION20 INCHES

PRECIPITATION41 INCHES

SURFACE RUNOFF 8 INCHES

STREAMFLOW21 INCHES

INFILTRATION13 INCHES




STREAMFLOW21 INCHES


EVAPOTRANSPIRATION20 IN

STREAMFLOW21 IN

PRECIPITATION41 IN

SURFACE RUNOFF 8 IN

GROUND-WATERRECHARGE

13 IN

STREAMFLOW-HYDROGRAPH METHODS

STREAMFLOWSTREAMFLOW--HYDROGRAPH HYDROGRAPH METHODSMETHODS




STREAMFLOW21 INCHES





STREAMFLOW21 INCHES


EVAPOTRANSPIRATION20 IN

STREAMFLOW21 IN

PRECIPITATION41 IN

SURFACE RUNOFF 8 IN

GROUND-WATERRECHARGE

13 IN

ET FROM GROUND WATERET FROM GROUND WATER

WELL LN2044

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9 0 1 4 4 0 2 8 8 0 4 3 2 0 5 7 6 0 7 2 0 0 8 6 4 0 1 0 0 8 0

JUNE, 199924 25 27 28 29 3026D

EPTH

TO

WA

TER

IN F

EET

8AM

9PM

1,600 STREAMFLOW GAGES1,600 STREAMFLOW GAGES1,600 STREAMFLOW GAGES

STORM HYDROGRAPHSTORM HYDROGRAPHSTORM HYDROGRAPHD

ISC

HA

RG

E

TIME

No direct runoff.Hydrograph reflectsdischarge from ground water.

End of direct runoff?

Beginning of direct runoff

BASEFLOW SEPARATIONBASEFLOW SEPARATIONBASEFLOW SEPARATIOND

ISC

HA

RG

E

TIME

N= Area0.2

N days

End of Direct Runoff

COMPLEX HYDROGRAPHSCOMPLEX HYDROGRAPHSCOMPLEX HYDROGRAPHS

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

DAYS

DIS

CHAR

GE

(CFS

)

AUTOMATED BF SEPARATIONAUTOMATED BF SEPARATIONPART PROGRAMPART PROGRAM

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

YEAR 2000

DIS

CH

AR

GE,

(CFS

)

STREAMFLOWBASE FLOW

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

FOUR AUTOMATED BASEFOUR AUTOMATED BASE--FLOW FLOW METHODS COMPARED AT ONE SITEMETHODS COMPARED AT ONE SITE

HYSEP PART HYSEP HYSEP LOCAL SLIDE FIXED

BASE

FLO

W O

R RE

CHA

RGE,

IN I

NCH

ES

WE-381968-2001

10.2

12.3 13.1 13.1

TWO AUTOMATED BASE-FLOW METHODS COMPARED AT 150 SITES

TWO AUTOMATED BASETWO AUTOMATED BASE--FLOW FLOW METHODS COMPARED AT 150 SITESMETHODS COMPARED AT 150 SITES

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

HYSEP LOCAL MIN METHOD (IN)

PAR

T M

ETH

OD

(IN

)

150 GAGES IN PA

PART = HYSEP

STREAMFLOWSTREAMFLOW--RECESSIONRECESSION--DISPLACEMENT METHODDISPLACEMENT METHOD

Ground-WaterDischarge

WATER-TABLE RISECAUSED BY RECHAGE


Instantaneous RechargeDiffuse Areal RechargeIdealized Aquifer Ground-Water Discharge to StreamNegligible Diversions or Regulation

10

100

1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

DAY

DIS

CH

AR

GE

(CFS

)

Tc = .21K Days

STREAM HYDROGRAPH

Q1

Q2


RECH = 2 (Q2-Q1) K2.306

K=43 Days

RECHARGE AND BASEFLOW ESTIMATES -- 150 STREAMSRECHARGE AND BASEFLOW RECHARGE AND BASEFLOW ESTIMATES ESTIMATES ---- 150 STREAMS150 STREAMS

y = 1.07x + 1.94R2 = 0.95

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

BASE FLOW FROM PART (IN)

REC

HA

RG

E, F

RO

M R

OR

A (I

N)

LINE OF EQUIVALENCE

COMPARISON OF METHODS COMPARISON OF METHODS AT ONE SITEAT ONE SITE

Stream Hydrograph MethodsHYSEPPARTRORA

LysimetersGround-Water LevelsWater Budget

COMPARISON OF BASE FLOW AND COMPARISON OF BASE FLOW AND RECHARGE METHODSRECHARGE METHODS

0

5

10

15

20

25

ANNUAL

BASE

FLOW

OR

RECH

ARG

E (I

N)

PART RORA

SLID

E

FIXE

DGW

LEV

ELS

WAT

ER BUD

GLY

SIME

TERS

LOCA

LBASEFLOWMETHODS

RECHARGEMETHODS

25

20

15

10

5

0

Estimates of Ground-Water Recharge in Pennsylvaniaby Streamflow-Hydrograph Methods

Estimates of Ground-Water Recharge in Pennsylvaniaby Streamflow-Hydrograph Methods

Select a station from the map below:For a description of the methods, click here

SELECT COUNTY OF INTERESTSELECT COUNTY OF INTERESTSELECT COUNTY OF INTEREST

SELECT LYCOMING COUNTYFROM MAP

LYCOMING CREEK WATERSHEDLYCOMING CREEK WATERSHEDLYCOMING CREEK WATERSHED

SELECT LYCOMING CREEKFROM MAP

LANDCOVER

RECHARGE AND BASEFLOW ESTIMATES FOR LYCOMING CR

RECHARGE AND BASEFLOW RECHARGE AND BASEFLOW ESTIMATES FOR LYCOMING CRESTIMATES FOR LYCOMING CR

Available Options

Graphs Data Tables

Detailed Station Information

Land Use Map

Geology Map

Back to county map

Back to state map

Main Page

Mean-Annual Recharge Estimates for Period of Record, in inches

From Recession Curve Displacement (RORA) Method 18.7

From Hydrograph Separation of Baseflow (PART) Method 14.7

Basin Characteristics Drainage Area (square miles) 173

Period of Record Used for Estimating Recharge 1914-2001

Land Cover (show map) (Forest/Agriculture/Developed/Other) as % of Area 85.2/13.9/0.5/0.5

Rock Types (show map) (Sandstone and Shale/Carbonate/Crystalline/Unconsolidated Sediments) as % of Area 100/0/0/0

TIME SERIES OF ANNUAL RECHARGE AND BASE FLOW

TIME SERIES OF ANNUAL TIME SERIES OF ANNUAL RECHARGE AND BASE FLOWRECHARGE AND BASE FLOW

MEAN-MONTHY RECHARGELYCOMING CREEK

MEANMEAN--MONTHY RECHARGEMONTHY RECHARGELYCOMING CREEKLYCOMING CREEK

MONTHLY RECHARGE FOR PAMONTHLY RECHARGE FOR PAMONTHLY RECHARGE FOR PA

0

1

2

3

4

5

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

INCH

ES

PRECIPITATION(1971-2000)

RECHARGE (RORA)

SPATIALSPATIALDISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTIONOF GROUNDOF GROUNDWATERWATERRECHARGE RECHARGE

MICHIGAN

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