STP: Foot-and-Mouth Disease situation Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation October, 2013 1 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation

October, 2013

1

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Monthly Report

October 2013

I N F O R M A T I O N S O U R C E S U S E D: Databases:

OIE WAHID World Animal Health Information Database FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)

FAO Global Animal Disease Information System (EMPRES-i) Other sources:

FAO/EuFMD supported FMD networks FAO/EuFMD projects and field officers

The sources for information are referenced by using superscripts. The key to the superscripts is on the last page

Please, note that the use of information and boundaries of territories should not be considered to be

the view of the U.N. Please, always refer to the OIE for official information on reported outbreaks and

country status.


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Contents

I. GENERAL OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 3

II. HEADLINE NEWS ................................................................................................................................... 5

III. DETAILED POOL ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................ 6

A. POOL 1 – Central / East Asia ............................................................................................................. 6

B. POOL 2 – South Asia .......................................................................................................................... 8

C. POOL 3 – West Eurasia & Middle East .............................................................................................. 9

D. POOL 4 – Eastern Africa ................................................................................................................ 115

E. POOL 5 – West / Central Africa ..................................................................................................... 128

F. POOL 6 – Southern Africa................................................................................................................ 21

G. POOL 7 – South America ................................................................................................................. 22

IV. OTHER NEWS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………....................... 23

V. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 25


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I. GENERAL OVERVIEW

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus pools: world distribution by serotypes in 2011-2013

(Map 1)

Pools represent independently circulating and evolving FMDV genotypes; within the pools, cycles of

emergence and spread occur that usually affect multiple countries in the region. In the absence of

specific reports, it should be assumed that the serotypes indicated below are continuously circulating

in parts of the pool area and would be detected if sufficient surveillance was in place (Table 1).

Map 1: Foot-and-mouth disease virus pools distribution, 2011-2013


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Table 1: List of countries representing each virus pool

POOL REGION/COUNTRIES SEROTYPES

1

CENTRAL/EAST ASIA (Cambodia, China (People's Rep. of), China (Hong Kong, SAR),China (Taiwan

Province), Korea (DPR), Korea (Rep. of), Laos PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam)

O, A, Asia 1

2 SOUTH ASIA

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka O, A, Asia 1

3

WEST EURASIA & MIDDLE EAST (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bulgaria, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq,

Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine Autonomous Territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab

Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)

O, A, Asia 1

4 EASTERN AFRICA

(Burundi, Comoros, Congo D. R., Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Rwanda, Somalia, North Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen)

O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2

5

WEST/CENTRAL AFRICA (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central Afr. Rep., Chad, Congo D. R., Congo R., Cote d'ívoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea

Biss., Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo)

O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2

6 SOUTHERN AFRICA

(Angola, Botswana, Congo D. R., Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe)

{O, A}*, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3

7 SOUTH AMERICA

(Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela) O, A

* ONLY IN NORTH ZAMBIA AS OVERSPILL FROM POOL 4 Egypt and Libya are indicated as being in multiple pools, since they have evidence of FMDV originating from 2 or more pools in the recent past (4 years).


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II. HEADLINE NEWS

POOL 1

Russia1 – An FMDV serotype A outbreak in Zabajkal’skij Kray

POOL 3 Libya 4,7,2- Detection of serotype O FMD virus related to Indian viruses (O Ind2001 sublineage). This significant event indicates virus spread from pool 2 (South Asia) to the most Western country in pool 3. POOL 5 Cameroon 3– Three new outbreaks detected in late October. COUNTER *** 22 MONTHS SINCE LAST OUTBREAK IN SOUTH AMERICA HAS BEEN REPORTED *** 109 MONTHS SINCE LAST C SEROTYPE OUTBREAK HAS BEEN REPORTED *** 5 MONTHS SINCE LAST ASIA 1 SEROTYPE OUTBREAK HAS BEEN REPORTED IN IRAN


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III. DETAILED POOL ANALYSIS

A. POOL 1 – Central /East Asia

Russian Federation1

One new FMDV type A outbreak have been reported in Zabajkal’skij Kray, Starotsuruhaitui, Priargunsky District, in October 2013 (Map 2). Cattle were reportedly the only affected species. The outbreak is located near the Chinese border. The diagnosis was confirmed by FGBI “ARRIAH” as type A of FMDV.

The other outbreak shown on the map is also in Zabajkal’skij Kray, Duroy, Priargunsky District. This disease event started in September but was confirmed and notified to the OIE in October. In this outbreak, 84 cattle of 162 had clinical signs. No other susceptible species were involved.

Map 2: FMDV type A outbreak in Zabajkal’skij, Kray, October 2013 (WAHID-OIE)

FMD history for pool 1 in the past 2 years is given in Table 2, and map 3.


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Map 3: FMD distribution by serotypes 2010 – 2013

Table 2: Pool 1 FMD history 2011-2013

COUNTRY FMD HISTORY

FMDV serotypes, reported to OIE in 2011 - 2013

LAST OUTBREAK REPORTED/SEROTYPE

CAMBODIA NOT TYPED1 OCT 2012/O24

CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP. OF) A, O1, 16 SEPTEMBER 2013/A1

CHINA (HONG KONG, SAR) O1, 5 NOV 2012/O3

CHINA (TAIWAN PROVINCE) O1, 5 JUNE 2013/O1

JAPAN NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS1 JULY 2010/O1, 5

KOREA (DPR) 2011 – O1, 5 MARCH 2011/O1

KOREA (REP. OF) 2011 – O1, 5 APR 2011/O1

LAOS PDR O9 MARCH 2013/O9

MALAYSIA O, A1, 5

2013 – NOT TYPED9 JAN 2013/NOT TYPED9

MONGOLIA 2012 - O10 SEPTEMBER 2013/A1

MYANMAR 2011 – O1 FEB2012/O9

RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2011- 2012 – O1

2013 – A1 SEPTEMBER 2013/A1,5

THAILAND O, A1, 5 OCT 2012/A, O1

VIET NAM 2011 – O1, 5 2012 – A, O5

2013 – A18 APR 2013/A18


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B. POOL 2 – South Asia

India: 2,7

In the month of October, the FAO reference laboratory PD-FMD (Mukteswar), analyzed 167 samples for

virus serotype confirmation.

The molecular epidemiological studies were carried out for 27 type O isolates, from Madhya Pradesh,

Asom, Karnataka, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh and revealed the circulation of Ind2001 lineage FMD virus in

the country.

(South Asia is known to be an FMD endemic area but very limited data on serotypes is available (Map 4). The PD-FMD at Mukteswar (FMD Reference laboratory for South Asia) is active in this region and is requested to provide information on FMD circulation that will assist improved understanding of virus circulation.)


FMD history in the past 2 years is given in Map 5 and Table 3.


COUNTRY FMD HISTORY



BANGLADESH

2011 – O, A, Asia 16 NOT AVAILABLE

BHUTAN

2011, 2012 – O5 NOV 2012/O5

INDIA

O, A, Asia 11, 15 AUGUST 2013/O, Asia 13, 15

NEPAL O, A, Asia 11, 6

MAR 2013/O2

SRI LANKA

O1, 5 2012/O5


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C. POOL 3 – West Eurasia & Middle East

Libya: 1,2,4,7 Serotype O viruses from Libya were found to be related to viruses from an Indian FMD sublineage (Ind-2001dKAR-13). This is a significant finding as it is evidence of virus spread from pool 2 (South Asia) to North Africa. Thanks to the collaboration of the PD-FMD (Mukteswar), which shared virus sequence data with the

WRL Pirbright, a detailed phylogenetic analysis was conducted, showing that these Libyan type O viruses

are most closely related to an Indian lineage designated by PDFMD as Ind2001KAR-13. The Libyan viruses

share 98.9% identity at VP1 with the closest relative in this lineage.

The Libyan viruses were serotyped in IZSLER Brescia before being sent to WRL Pirbright for phylogenetic

analysis and vaccine matching, with sequence data from India shared by PD-FMD Mukteswar. This

demonstrates a very positive example of international cooperation between FAO reference laboratories.

The route by which the viruses travelled from India to Libya is not yet clear, nor is it clear how widely

distributed this lineage may be in Libya.

Map 5: FMD type O outbreaks in Libya, from Sept. 2013 (OIE)


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COUNTRY FMD HISTORY



AFGHANISTAN 2011 – O, A, Asia 11, 5

DEC 20111

ARMENIA NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS1 NOT AVAILABLE

AZERBAIJAN NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS1 JUN 2001

1

BAHRAIN 2011 – O, A, Asia 1

5

2012 – O5

MAR 2012/O5

BULGARIA 2011 – O1, 5

APRIL 2011/O1

EGYPT A, O

1, 5

2012 – O, A, SAT 21, 5

JUN 2012/SAT 2

1

GEORGIA NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS1 2002

1

IRAN O2, A

2, Asia 1

5 JUNE 2013/O

5, A

2, Asia 1

5

IRAQ O,A1,5

20125/A

ISRAEL O1,5

MAR 2012/O5

JORDAN NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS1 2006

1

KAZAKHSTAN O, A1,5

JUNE 2013/ A1

KUWAIT O5 FEB 2012/O

5

KYRGYZSTAN 2011 – O, A1 NOV 2011/O, A

1

LEBANON NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS1 03/2010

1

LIBYA 2011 – O5;

2012 – O, SAT 25

SEPTEMBER 2013/O1, 2, 5

OMAN NO DATA AVAILABLE DEC 20111

PAKISTAN O, A, Asia 15, 13

NOV 2012/O, Asia 1, A5, 13

AUTONOMOUS TERRITORIES PALESTINE

2011 – O, A, Asia 11

2012 – SAT 21, 5;

2013 - A 2 MARCH 2013/A

2, 24

QATAR, 2011 NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

SAUDI ARABIA, 2011 O5 JULY 2012/O

5

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC, 2011 NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS1 MARCH/2002

1

TAJIKISTAN, 2011 2011 – Asia 11 NOV 2011/Asia 1

1

TURKEY, Asia 1, A, O5,1,2

AUGUST 2013/O, A2

TURKMENISTAN NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

UZBEKISTAN NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE


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POOL 4 – Eastern Africa

Kenya: 5,2

Embakasi National FMD Ref. Laboratory, Nairobi tested 33 samples for FMDV antigen and/or RNA

detection in October, and identified the following serotypes : O (4 samples), SAT1 (9 samples) and SAT2

(4 samples).


COUNTRY FMD HISTORY



BURUNDI O, A, SAT 1, SAT 27 AUGUST 2013 25/ NOT AVAILABLE

COMOROS NO DATA AVAILABLE 20101

CONGO D. R. O, A, SAT 14 JUNE 201314/NOT TYPED

DJIBOUTI NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

EGYPT 2011 – A, O1, 5

2012 – A, O SAT 21, 5 JUN 2012/SAT 21

ERITREA O5 DEC 2011/O5

ETHIOPIA A, SAT 1, O5, 7 2012/O5

KENYA 2011 – O, A, SAT 1, SAT 21, 5 JAN 20137, 5, 25/A, SAT2, SAT1

LIBYA 2011 – O5

2012 – O, SAT 25,7 APR 20121, 5

RWANDA

ABSENT7

NOT TYPED2 NOV 2012/NOT TYPED2

SOMALIA NO DATA AVAILABLE 20111

SUDAN A, O1 20132,5 ,25/O, SAT2

SOUTH SUDAN O, SAT 1, SAT 2, A7 20117

TANZANIA 2011 – SAT 1(buffalo), SAT 2 (cattle),

O7, SAT31, 5

2012 – A, O, SAT 1, SAT 25 MAR 2013/O17

UGANDA O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT37, 2, 1 201319,25/A, SAT2

YEMEN NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE


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D. POOL 5 – West / Central Africa

Cameroon3: National Veterinary Laboratory (LANAVET) reported that in late October there were 3 FMD outbreaks in Cameroon. Samples were collected and the testing is ongoing. Foot and mouth disease is endemic in West Africa. The FMDV topotypes presented in the region are given on the (Map 6) Map 6: FMD distribution by serotypes 2011 – 2013


COUNTRY FMD HISTORY



BENIN 2011 – A, O, SAT 1, SAT 24, 1 DEC 2011/O, A, SAT 1, SAT 21

BURKINA FASO O, A, SAT 24 20132,23/ NOT AVAILABLE

CAMEROON 2011 – O, A, SAT 24,1 20132,23/O; SAT1; SAT2

CAPE VERDE NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

CENTRAL AFR. REP. NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

CHAD 2011, 2012 – A, SAT 14 NOT AVAILABLE

CONGO D. R. 2011, 2012 O, A, SAT 14 JUNE 201314/NOT TYPED

CONGO R. NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

COTE D'ÍVOIRE, 2011 2011 – SAT 1, A1, O, SAT 24 20114

EQUATORIAL GUINEA, 2011

NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

GABON, 2011 NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

GAMBIA O, A, SAT 29 20124/O

GHANA O, A, SAT 1, SAT 24, 1 20132,23/NOT AVAILABLE

GUINEA BISS. NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

GUINEA NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE


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LIBERIA A, SAT 24 2011/20124, NO PRECISE DATA

MALI O, A, SAT 1, SAT 24, 1 2011/20124, NO PRECISE DATA

MAURITANIA NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

NIGER O, A, SAT 1, SAT 24, 1 20132,23/NOT AVAILABLE

NIGERIA O, A, SAT 1; SAT 24, 1 20132,23/O, A, SAT 1,SAT 2

SAO TOME PRINCIPE NO DATA AVAILABLE NOT AVAILABLE

SENEGAL O, A, SAT 1, SAT 24, 1 2012/O, A, SAT 14

SIERRA LEONE NO DATA AVAILABLE OCT 19581

TOGO O, SAT 11, 4, 1 2012/O4

E. POOL 6 – SOUTHERN AFRICA

No new FMD events were reported in October. Swaziland and Lesotho are free from FMD

without vaccination. There is a zone in both

Botswana and Namibia which is FMD free

without vaccination, since 2010 and 1997

respectively (Map 7).

FMD history in past 2 years is given in Table 7.



COUNTRY FMD HISTORY



ANGOLA NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS DEC. 2010/ SAT 21

BOTSWANA SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 31 APR 20131

CONGO D. R. O, A, SAT 14 2011/20129, NO PRECISE DATA

MALAWI 2011 – SAT 21 OCT 20111

MOZAMBIQUE 2011 – SAT 21 JUN 2011/SAT 21

NAMIBIA SAT 11 AUGUST 2013/ NOT AVAILABLE

SOUTH AFRICA SAT 11, SAT 21 AUGUST 2013/SAT 1; SAT 21

ZAMBIA SAT 15, SAT 21 JUN 2012/SAT 15

ZIMBABWE SAT 21 AUGUST 2013/NOT AVAILABLE


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F. POOL 7 – SOUTH AMERICA

No new events have been reported for this reporting period.

Most South America countries are

FMD free with (Uruguay)/without (Chile,

Guyana) vaccination or with free zones

with/without vaccination. Small areas of

the continent are considered as endemic

but clinical cases are rare (Map 8).

FMD history in past 2 years is given in

Table 8.



COUNTRY FMD HISTORY



ECUADOR

O1, 8 AUG 2011/O1, 8

PARAGUAY

O1, 8 DEC 2011/O1, 8

VENEZUELA

O, A8 2011/O, A8

2012 was the first year without reported FMD outbreaks in 50 years in the Andean region. According to

official reports submitted to the OIE, in 2012 Peru completed more than eight years without the

presence of the disease, Bolivia and Colombia 4 and 6, respectively1.


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IV. OTHER NEWS:

In its Quarterly Report July-September 2013, Annex 3, WRLFMD made recommendation on FMD virus

strains for antigen banks4.

High Priority

(not in order of importance)

O Manisa

O Pan-Asia 2

O BFS or Campos

A24 Cruzeiro

Asia 1 Shamir

A Iran-05 or A TUR -06

A 22 Iraq

SAT2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent I.E.SAT2 Eritrea)

Medium Priority


A Eritrea

SAT2 Zimbabwe

SAT1 South Africa

A Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86)

A Argentina 2001

O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent )

Low Priority


A Iran ‘96

A Iran ’99

A Iran’87 or a Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent)

A 15 Bangkok related strain

A 87 Argentina related strain

C Noville

SAT2 Kenya

SAT1 Kenya

SAT3 Zimbabwe

The report can be found at : http://www.wrlfmd.org/ref_labs/fmd_ref_lab_reports.htm

http://www.wrlfmd.org/ref_labs/fmd_ref_lab_reports.htm


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V. REFERENCES

1. WAHID Interface – OIE World Animal Health Information Database

http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=home 2. Reports from FAO/EuFMD projects and field officers 3. FAO/EuFMD supported FMD networks (RESOLAB-FMD West Africa) 4. World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD), www.wrlfmd.org 5. FAO/EuFMD supported FMD networks (EARLN-FMD Eastern Africa) 6. SEAFMD, http://www.arahis.oie.int/reports.php 7. Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease (PD-FMD), Indian Council of Agricultural Research,

Mukteswar, India (Dr B. B. Dash) 8. EMPRES-i (http://empres-i.fao.org/eipws3g/#h=0)

http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=home

http://www.wrlfmd.org/

http://www.arahis.oie.int/reports.php

STP: Foot-and-Mouth Disease situation Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation October, 2013 1 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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