Foot and Mouth Disease 1

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Foot and Mouth Disease

in Bovine

Dr.Jibachha Sah

VHRTC(P)LTDLankupul,Nrayangarh

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FMD infected Cow flock

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A cow flock infected with FMD inBiratnagar

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FMD outbreaks in 1997 - 1999

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F.M.D out breaks in world 2000

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Nature of Disease

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a

highly contagious viral disease of

cloven-hoofed animals.The disease is characterized by the

formation of vesicles (fluid-filled blisters)

and erosions in the mouth, nose, teatsand feet

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Etiology

The FMD virus (FMDV) is a member of the

genus Aphthov i rus in the family

Picornaviridae

There are seven serotypes of FMDV: A, O, C,

Asia 1, and Southern African Territories (SAT)

1, 2 and 3. Within these serotypes, over 60

subtypes have been described.

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F.M.D.Virus

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F.M.D virus

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F.M.D. virus protein structure

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F.M.D. virus capsomere structure

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F.M.D. virus orange colour

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F.M.D. virus

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Classification

OIE List A disease

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Susceptible species

Cloven-hoofed animals (ungulates) are

susceptible to FMD. Of the domestic

species, cattle, buffaloes, pigs, sheep,goats and deer are susceptible.

Horses are not affected.

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Pathogenesis

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Site for predilection for FMD lesionpathogenesis

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Clinical sign

FMD should be suspected wherever

vesicles are seen in cloven-hoofed

animals. Vesicles begin as mall white fluid filled

areas that quickly grow to a blister

about 3 cm in diameter.Two or more blisters may join to form a

large one.

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Other sign are

sudden lameness in a number of

animals

salivation fever

loss of appetite

in dairy cattle, a sudden drop in milkyield

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In Cattle

dullness, poor appetite, fever. Salivation andlameness may be seen.

Vesicles appear inside the mouth on the tongue,

cheeks and gums, lips and palate. Vesicle may form between the claws of the feet

and along the coronary band.

There may also appear on the teats and udder reduced lactation, mastitis and abortion arecommon.

Mortality in adults is usually very low. However,up to 50% of calves can dies due to cardiacinvolvement,

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FMD excessive salivation

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FMD infected cow unable to rise due tofeet lesion

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FMD severe lesion on dental pad

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FMD cause excessive salivation

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FMD in cow note the saliva falling inground

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FMD drooling saliva from mouth

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Drooling saliva from FMD infectedbuffalo

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FMD large erosion on tongue

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FMD unruptured vesicle on mouth

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FMD unruptured vesicle on tongue

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Recently rupture vesicle on gingival

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FMD white necrotic epithelium on thetongue

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FMD rupture epithelium on dental pad

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FMD rupture vesicle on foot cleft

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FMD, fold secondary infection

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FMD large vesicle on tongue

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FMD dry lesion on tongue

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FMD severe ulceration on dental pad

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FMD ulcer on dental pad

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FMD two small unrupturedvesicle on tongue

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FMD vesicle on foot

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FMD teat lesion

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FMD teat lesion

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FMD teat lesion

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FMD teat lesion

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FMD udder lesion

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FMD ruptured vesicle on bovine teat

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FMD udder lesion

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Post mortem

In addition to the lesions described

above, vesicles may also be present in

the rumen.

In young animals there is focal necrosis

of cardiac muscle.

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FMD erosion on the rumen pillar

FMD l i h

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FMD pale area in themyocardial neck .

M di d i d i

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Myocardium degeneration and necrosisare termed as tiger heart

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Differential Diagnosis

other vesicular diseases (swine vesiculardisease, vesicular exanthema, vesicularstomatitis)

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

rinderpest

bluetongue

bovine papular stomatitis

mucosal disease peste des petits ruminants

Foot Rot

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Specimen required for Diagnosis

From live animals collect vesicular fluid,

vesicular fluid epithelium, esophageal-

pharyngeal fluid and whole blood .From dead animals tissue specimens

should be taken lymph nodes,

thyroid, adrenal, kidney, spleen and

heart.

S l ll ti f FMD

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Sample collection of FMD, removeinfected epithelium from tongue surface

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For histopathology

Samples of lesion tissue, rumen pillae

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Transmission

FMD is one of the most contagious

diseases of animals.

Animals can become infected throughinhalation, ingestion and through

reproduction.

The primary mechanism of spreadwithin herds is by direct contact, through

inhalation of virus aerosols.

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Control

To eradicate the disease a stamping

out policy can be applied.

This involves quarantine, movementrestrictions and slaughter and disposal

of all affected an in-contact livestock on

affected premises followed by cleaning

and disinfection.