Storm Clouds Gather The Road to WWII. I. Foreign Aggression A) Japan B) Italy C) Germany II. US Foreign Policy A) Recognizing USSR B) Reciprocal Trade.

Storm Clouds GatherThe Road to WWII

I. Foreign Aggression A) Japan B) Italy C) Germany

II. US Foreign Policy A) Recognizing USSR B) Reciprocal Trade Agreements C) Good Neighbor Policy

III. Spanish Civil War A) Nationalists vs Loyalists B) Foreign intervention C) Fascism wins

IV. Appeasement & the Nonaggression Pact A) Czech & Sudetenland B) The Munich Agreement C) Pact with USSR

V. Poland

I. Foreign Aggression A) Japan

Where: Manchuria (China)

When: Sept. 1931

Why: need for trade markets

What: took over rich coal/iron deposits

I. Foreign Aggression B) Italy

Where: Ethiopia & Somaliland

When: 1934- troops clash

1935- invasion

1936-annexed

Why: to revive glories of Roman Empire

Make Mediterranean an Italian Lake

How: used propaganda to make up “incidents”

I. Foreign Aggression C) Germany

Where: Rhineland (area inside Germany)

When: 1936

Why: world was focused on Italy

How: beefed up military

Sent troops into West Germany

(direct rejection of Versailles Treaty)

II. US Foreign PolicyFDR wanted to ease European tensions by wiping out WWI debts, but congress said NO!

A) RECOGNIZING USSR had not formally

‘recognized’ the Communist govt since 1917

1933- FDR agreed to exchange Ambassaadors

Useful step– could now study them and possibly trade with them

II. US Foreign PolicyB) Reciprocal Trade

Agreements 1934 passed a law that

gave pres power to make agreements with countries with reduced tariffs (taxes)

20+ agreements passed More trade & friendlier

relations

II. US Foreign Policy

C) “Good Neighbor Policy” 1933--Promised Latin American countries we would end

all armed intervention 1934—treaty with Cuba ending old parts of Cuba’s

constitution that we wrote that said we had rt to intervene anytime (kept naval base at Guantanamo Bay)

Haiti– 1934 last marines withdrawn

III. Spanish Civil War

When: 1936-39

Who: Conservative Nationalist vs

left-wing LoyalistsIntervention: Germany, Italy, USSR

Result: ½ million dead

Nationalists won—a new Fascist dictatorship was born!

Soviet tank

Foreign intervention

AXIS POWERS FORMED!

1936Hitler and Mussolini created an alliance which

Japan later joined

(Stalin of USSR urged western countries to unite in opposition—the west refused)

Hitler & Mussolini

German- Italian alliance

AXIS POWERS

Japanese leaders eventually

join Axis Powers

Emperor Hirohito

Prime Minister Tojo

IV. Appeasement & Non-Aggression

- (czechoslovakian minority groups began to demand more freedoms- Hitler takes advantage of this)

A) 1938- Hitler demands Germans living in Sudetenland get self-determination

1) GB’s prime minister agrees hoping to avoid a larger conflict (appeasement)

2) Hitler now ups the demand—Sudetenland must be part of Germany!

Chamberlain and Hitler

No war in our time!

Cont’d

B) British,French,Italian leaders met with Hitler in

Munich, Germany

Munich Pact

Hitler gets Sudetenland

Hitler promises to leave Czech alone

Cont’d

SURPRISE!!

1939—Hitler takes control of Czechoslovakia

IV.Appeasement & Non-aggression

C) Pact with USSR

When: 1939What: agreement between Stalin (USSR)

and Hitler (Germany) never to attack each other and to remain neutral

Why: Stalin feared the west would not help USSR if Germany threatened

V. POLAND When: Sept. 1, 1939

What: Hitler invaded Poland

Why: thought west would do nothing

Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

WWII had begun!

German

‘Blitzkrieg’

Lightening quick attack using ground and air forces