STATUS OF FORESTS AND PROTECTED AREAS IN PAKISTAN 2005 Dr. Mohammad Ayaz M. Sc. (Botany), M. Sc. (Forestry), Ph. D (Forestry) Saadullah Ayaz M. Sc. (Forestry), M. Phil (Environmental Sciences) [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF THE FORESTRY SECTOR With a total land area of 87.980 million ha. (887,700 km 2 ), Pakistan has only 4.2 million ha of forests (FSMP, 1992). The country is topographically divided into six regions: northern mountains, northern plateau, western mountains, Balochistan plateau, south-eastern desert and the Indus plain. The Indus river that originates in Tibet and traverses 2,500 km through the entire country from north to south, flows south-west through the mountains, irrigates vast plain areas in Punjab and Sindh provinces, and ultimately enters into Arabian sea through huge delta. The country has a meager forest cover of 4.8 %, more than 75% of the forests are located in arid and semi-arid areas. The population of Pakistan as per 1998 census was estimated at 130.6 million (rural 67 %, urban 33%) with annual growth rate of 2.6 percent. Pakistan lies in the monsoon region but the climate is more continental as compared to typical monsoon type. The northern hilly and sub-mountainous region receives more than 100 cm rainfall, whereas the rest of the country receives less than 50 cm rainfall annually constituting arid and semi-arid region. The current distribution of forests is given in Table 1. Pakistan is one of the low forest cover countries with only 0.03 ha of forest per capita of population compared to the world average of 1.0 ha. With population growing at 2.6 % annually, forest area per capit a is also declining. While tree density in natural forests is fast declining, tree cover on farmlands is reported to be increasing. The area of public forests can not be expanded, trees grown on private lands offer a potential for meeting the nation’s future wood requirements. Although Forestry sector contributes only 0.3% to the GNP, but this does not include many intangible and environmental benefits of forests, watersheds and non-wood forest products difficult to be valued in monetary terms. In a recent study conducted on the supply and demand of fuelwood and timber for household and industrial sectors, it was estimated that the total supply of forest products in the country for the year 2002-03 to be about 1.109 million m 3 , comprising 0.47 million m 3 of domestic production (timber 0.409 million m 3 and fuelwood 0.061 million m 3 ) and 0.639 million m 3 of imports including Afghan timber. Forests and related small industries employ more than 500,000 workers. Forests and rangelands provide forage to 90 million heads of livestock. Forests play a vital role in protecting the watersheds of Tarbela and Mangla reservoirs. These reservoirs are of great economic importance to the country for cheap hydropower generation and for supplying water to massive irrigati on network in the plain areas of Punjab and S indh provinces. Annual loss to the nation resulting from floods, soil erosion of fertile soils from upland watersheds and siltation of reservoirs is estimated at Rs 2.3 billion. Forestry is a provincial subject in Pakistan with planning, execution and implementation of forests, watersheds and range improvement programs vested in provincial forest departments. However, policy formulation is the responsibility of the Federal Government. Currently, forestr y sector is confronted with many challenges: massive degradation of watersheds, deforestation, overuse of rangelands, habitat loss for biodiversity, desertification, prolonged droughts, environmental pollution, heavy dependence of rural population on biomass energy, complex land tenure, weak forestry institutions, ineffective enforcement of law and la ck of inter-sectoral coordination.
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8/6/2019 Status of Forests and Protected Areas in Pakistan- Saadullah Ayaz and Mohammad Ayaz- 2005
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