static-content.springer.com10.1007... · Web viewSupplementary Material A. List of 150 papers on functional diversity reviewed to register the number of traits and the functional

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL A-G

Title

Different species traits produce diverse spatial functional diversity patterns of amphibians

Author names and affiliation

Mariana A. Tsianou & Athanasios S. Kallimanis

Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 30100

Agrinio, Greece

Email Addresses

[email protected] (M.A. Tsianou), [email protected] (A.S. Kallimanis)

Corresponding Author

Mariana A. Tsianou, e-mail: [email protected]

Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 30100

Agrinio, Greece. Tel. +30 26410 74224

1

Supplementary Material A. List of 150 papers on functional diversity reviewed to register the number of traits and the functional trait group (morphological, reproductive, physiological, habitat-related and behavioural) used in each study. The taxon studied is also referred (Plants (P) - Animals (A) - Bacteria (B)).

Trait Groups

ID Reference Morphology Reproduction Physiological Habitat Behavioural Number of Traits

Plants (P) - Animals

(A) - Bacteria

(B)

1

Audino, L.D., Louzada, J., Comita, L. (2014). Dung beetles as indicators of tropical forest restoration success: Is it possible to recover species and functional diversity? Biological Conservation, 169, 248–257.

x x 5 A

2

Barbaro, L., Giffard, B., Charbonnier, Y., Halder, I., Brockerhoff, E. G. (2014). Bird functional diversity enhances insectivory at forest edges: A transcontinental experiment. Diversity and Distributions, 20, 149–159.

x x x x 7 A

3Berke, S.K., Jablonski, D., Krug, A.Z., Valentine, J.W. (2014). Origination and immigration drive latitudinal gradients in marine functional diversity. PLoS One, 9, e101494.

x x x 5 A

4

Bernard-Verdier, M., Flores, O., Navas, M-L., Garnier, E. (2013). Partitioning phylogenetic and functional diversity into alpha and beta components along an environmental gradient in a Mediterranean rangeland. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 877–889.

x x x x 8 P

5Bhaskar, R., Dawson, T. E., Balvanera, P. (2014). Community assembly and functional diversity along succession post-management. Functional Ecology, 28, 1256–1265.

x x 3 P

6

Böhnke, M., Kröber, W., Welk, E., Wirth, C., Bruelheide, H. (2014). Maintenance of constant functional diversity during secondary succession of a subtropical forest in China. Journal of Vegetation Science, 25, 897–911.

x x 26 P

7Bu, W., Zang, R., Ding, Y. (2014). Functional diversity increases with species diversity along successional gradient in a secondary tropical lowland rainforest. Tropical Ecology, 55, 393-401.

x x 6 P

8 Buisson, L., Grenouillet, G., Villéger, S., Canal, J., Laffaille, P. x x x x 13 A

2

(2013). Toward a loss of functional diversity in stream fish assemblages under climate change. Global Change Biology, 19, 387–400.

9

Calba, S., Maris, V., Devictor, V. (2014). Measuring and explaining large-scale distribution of functional and phylogenetic diversity in birds: separating ecological drivers from methodological choices. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 669–678.

x x x x 22 A

10

Cantarel, A. A. M., Bloor, J. M. G., Soussana, J.-F. (2013). Four years of simulated climate change reduces above-ground productivity and alters functional diversity in a grassland ecosystem. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 113–126.

x x 3 P

11

Carboni, M., Acosta, A. T.R., Ricotta, C. (2013). Are differences in functional diversity among plant communities on Mediterranean coastal dunes driven by their phylogenetic history? Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 932–941.

x x x 16 P

12Carroll T.M., Thorp J.H. (2014). Ecotonal shifts in diversity and functional traits in zoobenthic communities of karst springs. Hydrobiologia, 738, 1–20.

x 3 A

13Carvalho, G.H. et al. (2014). Are fire, soil fertility and toxicity, water availability, plant functional diversity, and litter decomposition related in a Neotropical savanna? Oecologia, 175, 923–935.

x x 7 P

14

Catorci, A., Cesaretti, S., Malatesta, L., Tardella, F. M. (2014). Effects of grazing vs mowing on the functional diversity of sub-Mediterranean productive grasslands. Applied Vegetation Science, 17, 658–669.

x x x 9 P

15

Cavanaugh, K. C., Gosnell, J. S., Davis, S. L., Ahumada, J., Boundja, P., Clark, D. B., Mugerwa, B., Jansen, P. A., O'Brien, T. G., Rovero, F., Sheil, D., Vasquez, R., Andelman, S. (2014). Carbon storage in tropical forests correlates with taxonomic diversity and functional dominance on a global scale. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 563–573.

x x 2 P

16

Chalmandrier, L., Münkemüller, T., Gallien, L., de Bello, F., Mazel, F., Lavergne, S., Thuiller, W. (2013). A family of null models to distinguish between environmental filtering and biotic interactions in functional diversity patterns. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 853–

x x 3 P

3

864.

17Chanteloup, P., Bonis, A. (2013). Functional diversity in root and above-ground traits in a fertile grassland shows a detrimental effect on productivity. Basic Applied Ecology, 14, 208–216.

x x 9 P

18Colzani, E., Siqueira, T., Suriano, M. T., Roque, F. O. (2013). Responses of aquatic insect functional diversity to landscape changes in atlantic forest. Biotropica, 45, 343–350.

x x x 8 A

19

Concostrina, L., Pescador, D.S., Martı´nez, I., Escudero, A. (2014). Climate and small scale factors determine functional diversity shifts of biological soil crusts in Iberian drylands. Biodiversity Conservation, 23, 1757-1770.

x 5 P

20Conti, G., Díaz, S. (2013). Plant functional diversity and carbon storage – an empirical test in semi-arid forest ecosystems. Journal of Ecology, 101, 18–28.

x x 6 P

21

D’agata, S., Mouillot, D., Kulbicki, M., Andréfouët, S., Bellwood, D.R., Cinner, J.E., Cowman, P.F., Kronen, M., Pinca, S., Vigliola, L. (2014). Human-mediated loss of phylogenetic and functional diversity in coral reef fishes. Current Biology, 24, 555–560.

6 A

22Dalerum, F. (2013). Phylogenetic and functional diversity in large carnivore assemblages. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B, 280, 20130049.

x x x 4 A

23Daneshgar, P.P., Polley, H.W., Wilsey, B.J. (2013). Simple plant traits explain functional group diversity decline in novel grassland communities in Texas. Plant Ecology, 214, 231–241.

x x 6 P

24

Dehling, D. M., Fritz, S. A., Töpfer, T., Päckert, M., Estler, P., Böhning-Gaese, K., Schleuning, M. (2014). Functional and phylogenetic diversity and assemblage structure of frugivorous birds along an elevational gradient in the tropical Andes. Ecography, 37, 1047–1055.

x 9 A

25Ding, Z., Feeley, K. J., Wang, Y., Pakeman, R. J., Ding, P. (2013). Patterns of bird functional diversity on land-bridge island fragments. Journal of Animal Ecology, 82, 781–790.

x x x 7 A

26Edwards, F. A., Edwards, D. P., Larsen, T. H., Hsu, W. W., Benedick, S., Chung, A., Vun Khen, C., Wilcove, D. S., Hamer, K. C. (2014). Does logging and forest conversion to oil palm agriculture

x x 5 A

4

alter functional diversity in a biodiversity hotspot? Animal Conservation, 17, 163–173.

27Edwards, F. A., Edwards, D. P., Hamer, K. C., Davies, R. G. (2013). Impacts of logging and conversion of rainforest to oil palm on the functional diversity of birds in Sundaland. Ibis, 155, 313–326.

x x 10 A

28Edwards, K.F., Klausmeier, C.A., Litchman, E. (2013). A three-way trade-off maintains functional diversity under variable resource supply. The American Naturalist, 182, 786-800.

x 3 P

29

Feng, G.,Mi, X. C.,Bocher, P. K.,et al. (2014). Relative roles of local disturbance, current climate and paleoclimate in determining phylogenetic and functional diversity in chinese forests. Biogeosciences, 11, 1361-1370.

x 1 P

30

Frainer, A., McKie, B. G., Malmqvist, B. (2014). When does diversity matter? Species functional diversity and ecosystem functioning across habitats and seasons in a field experiment. Journal of Animal Ecology, 83, 460-469.

x x x 5 A

31Gallagher, R. V., Hughes, L., Leishman, M. R. (2013). Species loss and gain in communities under future climate change: consequences for functional diversity. Ecography, 36, 531–540.

x x x 5 P

32

Gambi, C., Pusceddu, A., Benedetti-Cecchi, L., Danovaro, R. (2014). Species richness, species turnover and functional diversity in nematodes of the deep Mediterranean Sea: searching for drivers at different spatial scales. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 24–39.

x 1 A

33

Gasc, A., Sueur, J., Jiguet, F., Devictor, V., Grandcolas, P., Burrow, C., Depraetere, M., Pavoine, S. (2013). Assessing biodiversity with sound: do acoustic diversity indices reflect phylogenetic and functional diversities of bird communities? Ecological Indicators, 25, 279–287.

x x x x 48 A

34

Gerhold, P., Price, J. N., Püssa, K., Kalamees, R., Aher, K., Kaasik, A., Pärtel, M. (2013). Functional and phylogenetic community assembly linked to changes in species diversity in a long-term resource manipulation experiment. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 843–852.

x x 6 P

35 Grass, I., Berens, D. G., Farwig, N. (2014). Natural habitat loss and x 3 A

5

exotic plants reduce the functional diversity of flower visitors in a heterogeneous subtropical landscape. Functional Ecology, 28, 1117–1126.

36

Guilhaumon, F., Albouy, C., Claudet, J., Velez, L., Ben Rais Lasram, F., Tomasini, J.-A., Douzery, E. J. P., Meynard, C. N., Mouquet, N., Troussellier, M., Araújo, M. B., Mouillot, D. (2015). Representing taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity: new challenges for Mediterranean marine-protected areas. Diversity and Distributions, 21, 175–187.

x x x x 9 A

37

Hedberg, P., Kozub, L., Kotowski, W. (2014). Functional diversity analysis helps to identify filters affecting community assembly after fen restoration by top-soil removal and hay transfer. Journal for Nature Conservation, 22, 50–58.

x x x 5 P

38Hejda, M., de Bello, F. (2013). Impact of plant invasions on functional diversity in the vegetation of Central Europe. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 890–897.

x 4 P

39

Helsen K., Ceulemans T., Stevens C. J., Honnay O. (2014). Increasing soil nutrient loads of European semi-natural grasslands strongly alter plant functional diversity independently of species loss. Ecosystems, 17, 169–181.

x x x 19 P

40Herben, T., Nováková, Z., Klimešová, J. (2013). Comparing functional diversity in traits and demography of Central European vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 910–920.

x 3 P

41

Hernández-Calderón, E., Méndez-Alonzo, R., Martínez-Cruz, J., González-Rodríguez, A., Oyama, K. (2014). Altitudinal changes in tree leaf and stem functional diversity in a semi-tropical mountain. Journal of Vegetation Science, 25, 955–966.

x x 9 P

42

Hidasi-Neto, J., Loyola, R.D., Cianciaruso, M.V. (2013). Conservation actions based on red lists do not capture the functional and phylogenetic diversity of birds in Brazil. PLoS ONE, 8(9), e73431.

x x x 21 A

43Hitt, N.P., Chambers, D.B. (2014). Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages downstream from mountaintop mining. Freshwater Science, 33, 915-926.

x x x x 6 A

6

44

Hu, G., Jin, Y., Liu, J., Yu. M. (2014). Functional diversity versus species diversity: relationships with habitat heterogeneity at multiple scales in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Ecological Research, 29, 897-903.

x x 10 P

45

Jain, M., Flynn, D.F.B., Prager, C.M., et al. (2014). The importance of rare species: A trait-based assessment of rare species contributions to functional diversity and possible ecosystem function in tall-grass prairies. Ecology and Evolution, 4, 104-112.

x x 4 P

46

Janeček, Š., de Bello, F., Horník, J., Bartoš, M., Černý, T., Doležal, J., Dvorský, M., Fajmon, K., Janečková, P., Jiráská, Š., Mudrák, O., Klimešová, J. (2013). Effects of land-use changes on plant functional and taxonomic diversity along a productivity gradient in wet meadows. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 898–909.

x x 5 P

47

Jassey, V. E. J., Lamentowicz, Ł., Robroek, B. J. M., Gąbka, M., Rusińska, A., Lamentowicz, M. (2014). Plant functional diversity drives niche-size-structure of dominant microbial consumers along a poor to extremely rich fen gradient. Journal of Ecology, 102, 1150–1162.

x 2 B

48Joseph, G.S., Seymour, C.L., Cumming, G.S., Cumming, D.H.M., Mahlangu, Z. (2014). Termite mounds increase functional diversity of woody plants in African savannas. Ecosystems, 17, 808-819.

x x x 15 P

49

Koch, N. M., Azevedo Martins, S. M., Lucheta, F., Müller, S. C. (2013). Functional diversity and traits assembly patterns of lichens as indicators of successional stages in a tropical rainforest. Ecological Indicators, 34, 22–30.

x x x 5 P

50Komac, B., Pladevall, C., Domènech, M., Fanlo, R. (2015). Functional diversity and grazing intensity in sub-alpine and alpine grasslands in Andorra. Applied Vegetation Science, 18, 75–85.

x x x x 11 P

51Kotowski, W., Jabłonska, E., Bartoszuk, H. (2013). Conservation management in fens: do large track mowers impact functional plant diversity? Biological Conservation 167, 292–297.

x x 7 P

52Laliberté, E., Norton, D. A., Scott, D. (2013). Contrasting effects of productivity and disturbance on plant functional diversity at local and metacommunity scales. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 834–842.

x x 14 P

7

53

Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Y., de Bello, F., Vandewalle, M., Leps, J., Sykes, M. T. (2014). Species richness of limestone grasslands increases with trait overlap: evidence from within- and between-species functional diversity partitioning. Journal of Ecology, 102, 466–474.

x x 3 P

54

Leduc, A. O. H. C., Silva, E.M., Rosenfeld, J.S. (2015). Effects of species vs. functional diversity: Understanding the roles of complementarity and competition on ecosystem function in a tropical stream fish assemblage. Ecological Indicators, 48, 627-635.

x 3 A

55

Lewis, R. J., Marrs, R. H., Pakeman, R. J. (2014). Inferring temporal shifts in landuse intensity from functional response traits and functional diversity patterns: a study of Scotland's machair grassland. Oikos, 123, 334–344.

x x x 12 P

56Liu Y.H., Rothenwöhrer, C., Scherber, C. et al. (2014). Functional beetle diversity in managed grasslands: Effects of region, landscape context and land use intensity. Landscape Ecology, 29, 529–540.

x 1 A

57

Luck, G.W., Carter, A., Smallbone, L. (2013). Changes in bird functional diversity across multiple land uses: interpretations of functional redundancy depend on functional group identity. PLoS ONE, 8(5), e63671.

x x x 3 A

58

Ma, M., Herzon, I. (2014). Plant functional diversity in agricultural margins and fallow fields varies with landscape complexity level: Conservation implications. Journal of Nature Conservation, 22, 525–531.

x x x 6 P

59

Mason, N. W.H., de Bello, F., Mouillot, D., Pavoine, S., Dray, S. (2013). A guide for using functional diversity indices to reveal changes in assembly processes along ecological gradients. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 794–806.

1

60

Matsuzaki, S.-I. S., Sasaki, T., Akasaka, M. (2013). Consequences of the introduction of exotic and translocated species and future extirpations on the functional diversity of freshwater fish assemblages. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22, 1071–1082.

x x x x 16 A

61Montes-Borrego, M., Navas-Cortés, J.A., Landa, B.B. (2013). Linking microbial functional diversity of olive rhizosphere soil to management systems in commercial orchards in southern Spain.

x x x x 22 A

8

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 181, 169–178.

62

Müller, J., Jarzabek-Müller, A., Bussler, H., Gossner, M. M. (2014). Hollow beech trees identified as keystone structures for saproxylic beetles by analyses of functional and phylogenetic diversity. Animal Conservation, 17, 154–162.

x x x 7 A

63

Munguía-Rosas, M.A., Jurado-Dzib, S.G., Mezeta-Cob, C., Montiel, S., Rojas, A., et al. (2014). Continuous forest has greater taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic plant diversity than an adjacent naturally fragmented forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 30, 323–333.

x x 4 P

64Nock, C. A., Paquette, A., Follett, M., Nowak, D.J., Messier, C. (2013). Effects of urbanization on tree species functional diversity in eastern North America. Ecosystems, 16, 1487–1497.

x x 4 P

65

Paillex, A., Dolédec, S., Castella, E., Mérigoux, S., Aldridge, D. C. (2013). Functional diversity in a large river floodplain: anticipating the response of native and alien macroinvertebrates to the restoration of hydrological connectivity. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50, 97–106.

x x x x x 11 A

66Pakeman, R. J., Eastwood, A. (2013). Shifts in functional traits and functional diversity between vegetation and seed bank. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 865–876.

x x x 19 P

67

Pavoine, S., Gasc, A., Bonsall, M. B., Mason, N. W.H. (2013). Correlations between phylogenetic and functional diversity: mathematical artefacts or true ecological and evolutionary processes?. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24, 781–793.

x 9 P

68

Pelosi, C., Pey, B., Hedde, M., Caro, G., Capowiez, Y., Guernion, M., Peigne, J., Piron, D., Bertrand, M., Cluzeau, D. (2014). Reducing tillage in cultivated fields increases earthworm functional diversity. Applied Soil Ecology, 83, 79-87.

x x x 7 A

69Polley, H. W., Isbell, F. I., Wilsey, B. J. (2013). Plant functional traits improve diversity-based predictions of temporal stability of grassland productivity. Oikos, 122, 1275–1282.

x 6 P

70

Pool, T. K., Grenouillet, G., Villéger, S. (2014). Species contribute differently to the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity of freshwater fish communities. Diversity and Distributions, 20, 1235–1244.

x x x x 10 A

9

71

Purschke, O., Schmid, B. C., Sykes, M. T., Poschlod, P., Michalski, S. G., Durka, W., Kühn, I., Winter, M., Prentice, H. C. (2013). Contrasting changes in taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity during a long-term succession: insights into assembly processes. Journal of Ecology, 101, 857–866.

5 P

72

Adler, P.B., Salguero-Gomez, R., Compagnoni, A., Hsu, J., Ray-Mjkherjee, J., Mbeau-Ache, C., Franco, M. (2014). Functional traits explain variation in plant life history strategies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, 740-745.

x x 5 P

73Algar., A.C., Kerr, J.T., Currie, D.J. (2011). Quantifying the importance of regional and local filters for community trait structure in tropical and temperate zones. Ecology, 92, 903–914.

x 1 A

74

Bennie, J.J., Duffy, J.P., Inger, R., Gaston, K.J. (2014). Biogeography of time partitioning in mammals.Proceedings of National Academic Sciences of United States of America, 111, 13727–13732.

x 1 A

75Cardoso, P. (2011). Diversity and community assembly patterns of epigean vs. troglobiont spiders in the Iberian Peninsula. International Journal of Speleology, 41, 83–94.

x x x 5 A

76

Carstensen, D. W., Dalsgaard, B., Svenning, J.-C., Rahbek, C., Fjeldså, J., Sutherland, W. J., Olesen, J. M. (2013). The functional biogeography of species: biogeographical species roles of birds in Wallacea and the West Indies. Ecography, 36, 1097–1105.

x x x 5 A

77Chillo, V., Ananad, M., Ojeda, R.A. (2011). Assessing the use of functional diversity as a measure of ecological resilience in arid rangelands. Ecosystems, 14, 1168–1177.

x x x x 15 P

78Cornwell, W.K., Schwilk, D.W., Ackerly, D.D. (2006). A trait-based test for habitat filtering: convex hull volume. Ecology, 87, 1465–1471.

x x 4 P

79

De Bello, F., Thuiller, W., Lepš, J., Choler, P., Clément, J.-C., Macek, P., Sebastià, M.-T., Lavorel, S. (2009). Partitioning of functional diversity reveals the scale and extent of trait convergence and divergence. Journal of Vegetation Science, 20, 475–486.

x x 1 P

80 Devictor, V., Mouillot, D., Meynard, C., Jiguet, F., Thuiller, W., x x x x 22 A

10

Mouquet, N. (2010). Spatial mismatch and congruence between taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity: the need for integrative conservation strategies in a changing world. Ecology Letters, 13, 1030–1040.

81Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., Cianciaruso, M. V., Rangel, T. F., Bini, L. M. (2011). Eigenvector estimation of phylogenetic and functional diversity. Functional Ecology, 25, 735–744.

x 1 A

82Fitzpatrick, M.C. et al. (2013). Environmental and historical imprints on beta diversity: insights from variation in rates of species turnover along gradients. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 280, 20131201

x 1 P

83

Flynn, D.F.B., Mirotchnick, N., Jain, M., Palmer, M.I., Naeem, S. (2011). Functional and phylogenetic diversity as predictors of biodiversity–ecosystem-function relationships. Ecology, 92, 1573–1581.

x x 5 P

84

Gamfeldt, L., Snall, T., Bagchi, R., Jonsson, M., Gustafsson, L., Kjellander, P. et al. (2013). Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species. Nature Communications, 4, 1430.

x x x 4 P

85

Gómez, J. P., Bravo, G. A., Brumfield, R. T., Tello, J. G., Cadena, C. D. (2010). A phylogenetic approach to disentangling the role of competition and habitat filtering in community assembly of Neotropical forest birds. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79, 1181–1192.

x x x 29 A

86Guillemot, N., Kulbicki, M., Chabanet, P., Vigliola, L. (2011). Functional redundancy patterns reveal non-random assembly rules in a species-rich marine assemblage. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e26735.

x x x 4 A

87

Kembel, S.W., et al. (2014). Relationships between phyllosphere bacterial communities and plant functional traits in a neotropical forest. Proceedings of National Academic Sciences of United States of America, 111, 13715–13720.

x x x 7 P

88

Kissling, W.D., Dalby, L., Fløjgaard, C., Lenoir, J., Sandel, B., Sandom, C., et al. (2014). Establishing macroecological trait datasets: digitalization, extrapolation, and validation of diet preferences in terrestrial mammals worldwide. Ecology and Evolution, 4, 2913–2930.

x 1 A

11

89

Kraft, N. J. B., Crutsinger, G. M., Forrestel, E. J., Emery, N. C. (2014). Functional trait differences and the outcome of community assembly: an experimental test with vernal pool annual plants. Oikos, 123, 1391–1399.

x x 8 P

90Lamanna, C. et al. (2014). Functional trait space and the latitudinal diversity gradient. Proceedings of National Academic Sciences of United States of America, 111, 13745 – 13750.

x x x 3 p

91

Lamarque, P., Lavorel, S., Mouchet, M.A., Que´tier, F. (2014). Plant trait-based models identify direct and indirect effects of climate change on bundles of grassland ecosystem services. Proceedings of National Academic Sciences of United States of America, 111, 13751–13756.

x x 4 p

92Lavorel, S., Garnier, E. (2002). Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail. Functional Ecology, 16, 545–556.

x x x x 22 P

93Mason, N. W.H., MacGillivray, K., Steel, J. B., Wilson, J. B. (2003). An index of functional diversity. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14, 571–578.

x x 5 P

94

Mazel, F., Guilhaumon, F., Mouquet, N., Devictor, V., Gravel, D., Renaud, J., Cianciaruso, M. V., Loyola, R., Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., Mouillot, D., Thuiller, W. (2014). Multifaceted diversity–area relationships reveal global hotspots of mammalian species, trait and lineage diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 836–847.

x x x x 5 A

95

Mendez, V., Gill, J. A., Burton, N. H. K., Austin, G. E., Petchey, O. L., Davies, R. G. (2012). Functional diversity across space and time: trends in wader communities on British estuaries. Diversity and Distributions, 18, 356–365.

x x x 7 A

96

Meynard, C. N., Devictor, V., Mouillot, D., Thuiller, W., Jiguet, F., Mouquet, N. (2011). Beyond taxonomic diversity patterns: how do α, β and γ components of bird functional and phylogenetic diversity respond to environmental gradients across France?. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20, 893–903.

x x x 22 A

97Monnet, A.-C., Jiguet, F., Meynard, C. N., Mouillot, D., Mouquet, N., Thuiller, W., Devictor, V. (2014). Asynchrony of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in birds. Global Ecology and

x x x 22 A

12

Biogeography, 23, 780–788.

98

Mouchet, M., Guilhaumon, F., Villéger, S., Mason, N. W. H., Tomasini, J.-A., Mouillot, D. (2008). Towards a consensus for calculating dendrogram-based functional diversity indices. Oikos, 117, 794–800.

5

99

Mouchet, M. A., Villéger, S., Mason, N. W. H., Mouillot, D. (2010). Functional diversity measures: an overview of their redundancy and their ability to discriminate community assembly rules. Functional Ecology, 24, 867–876.

5

100

Mouillot, D., Ville´ger, S., Parravicini, V., Kulbicki, M., Arias-Gonzales, J., Bender, M. G., Chabanet, P., Floeter, S. R., Friedlander, A., Vigliola, L., Bellwood, D. R. (2014). Functional over-redundancy and high functional vulnerability in global fish faunas of tropical reefs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, 13757–13762.

x x x 6 A

101

Münkemüller, T., de Bello, F., Meynard, C. N., Gravel, D., Lavergne, S., Mouillot, D., Mouquet, N., Thuiller, W. (2012). From diversity indices to community assembly processes: a test with simulated data. Ecography, 35, 468–480.

6

102Ordonez, A., Olff, H. (2013). Do alien plant species profit more from high resource supply than natives? A trait-based analysis. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22, 648–658.

x x 3 P

103Ordonez, A., Wright, I. J., Olff, H. (2010). Functional differences between native and alien species: a global-scale comparison. Functional Ecology, 24, 1353–1361.

x x x 4 P

104 Petchey, O.L., Hector, A., Gaston, K.J. (2004). How do different measures of functional diversity perform? Ecology, 85, 847–857. x x x 12 P

105Petchey, O. L., Evans, K. L., Fishburn, I. S., Gaston, K. J. (2007). Low functional diversity and no redundancy in British avian assemblages. Journal of Animal Ecology, 76, 977–985.

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Supplementary Material B. Sources of information used to compile the database.

Functional Trait Group

(FTG) Trait SourceType of Source

Morphologicalbody length

AmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteArnold, N. (2005). Collins Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Harper Collins, London BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) Website

19

dorsal main colorationAmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteArnold, N. (2005). Collins Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Harper Collins, London BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) Website

dorsal patternAmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteArnold, N. (2005). Collins Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Harper Collins, London BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) Website

Reproductivenumber of eggs per clutch

AmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteArnold, N. (2005). Collins Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Harper Collins, London BookBlair, W. F. (1972). Evolution in the Genus Bufo. University of Texas Press, Louisiana BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsitePough, F. H. et al. (1998). Herpetology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey BookReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) WebsiteTsiora A, Kyriakopoulou-Sklavounou P (2002) Female reproductive cycle of the water frog Rana epeirotica in northwestern Greece. Amphibia-Reptilia 23:269-280 Published Paper

duration of breeding activity

AmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteBlair, W. F. (1972). Evolution in the Genus Bufo. University of Texas Press, Louisiana BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) Website

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Guarino FM, Caputa V, Angelini F (1992) The reproductive cycle of the newt Triturus italicus. Amphibia-Reptilia 13:121-133 Published PaperKyriakopoulou-Sklavounou P, Loumbourdis N (1990) Annual ovarian cycle in the frog Rana ridibunda in Northern Greece. Journal of Herpetology 24:185-191 Published PaperReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) WebsiteTrochet A et al. (2014) A database of life-history traits of European amphibians. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4123. Published Paper

sexual maturityAmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteDuellman, W.E., Trueb, L.S. (1994). Biology of Amphibians. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteMalmgren JC, Thollesson M (1999) Sexual size and shape dimorphism in two species of newts, Triturus cristatus and T. vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae). Journal of Zoology 249:127-136 Published PaperReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) Website

life spanAmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteArnold, N. (2005). Collins Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Harper Collins, London BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) WebsiteZug, G. R., Vitt, L. J., Caldwell, J. P. (2001). Herpetology, An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego, California Book

Habitat-relatedspawn site

AmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteArnold, N. (2005). Collins Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Harper Collins, London BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) Website

21

life history habitAmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteArnold, N. (2005). Collins Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Harper Collins, London BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) Website

time partitioningAmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteArnold, N. (2005). Collins Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Harper Collins, London BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) Website

dietAmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteArnold, N. (2005). Collins Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe, Harper Collins, London BookEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) Website

mobility modeAmphibiaWeb – AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. amphibiaweb.org. (Accessed 20.02.2013). WebsiteEnciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. Available from http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ (Accessed: 25.04.2013) WebsiteReptiles and amphibians of France - www.herpfrance.com. (Accessed 20.09.2013) Website

Trochet A et al. (2014) A database of life-history traits of European amphibians. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4123. Published Paper

22

Supplementary Material C. Distribution of FD indices (functional dendrogram, FDiv and RaoQ) for different functional trait groups (FTGs).

Fig. 1 The distribution of three functional diversity (FD) indices of functional richness, divergence and dispersion (Functional dendrogram, FDiv and RaoQ) calculated using three functional trait groups (FTGs) a. Morphological, b. Reproductive, c. Habitat-related and d. the complete set of traits for amphibians of European Union at 40 km x 40 km grid cell resolution

23

Supplementary Material D. Distribution of FD indices (functional dendrogram, FDiv and RaoQ) for different combinations of functional trait groups (FTGs).

Fig. 1 The distribution of three functional diversity (FD) indices of functional richness, evenness and dispersion (FRic, FEve and FDis) calculated using combinations of the three functional trait groups (FTGs) a. Morphological-Habitat-related, b. Reproductive-Habitat-related, c. Morphological-Reproductive and d. the complete set of traits for amphibians of European Union at 40 km x 40 km grid cell resolution

24

Fig. 2 The distribution of three functional diversity (FD) indices of functional richness, divergence and dispersion (FRic, FDiv and RaoQ) calculated using combinations of the three functional trait groups (FTGs) a. Morphological-Habitat-related, b. Reproductive-Habitat-related, c. Morphological-Reproductive and d. the complete set of traits for amphibians of European Union at 40 km x 40 km grid cell resolution

25

Table 1 Correlation coefficients (Spearman's r with degrees of freedom corrected using the method proposed by Clifford et al. 1989) between combinations of functional trait groups (FTGs): Morphological-Habitat-related, Reproductive-Habitat-related, Morphological-Reproductive and the complete set of traits used to calculate the different functional diversity measures (functional dendrogram index, FRic, FEve, FDiv, FDis and RaoQ). Results are shown for amphibians of Europe.

Functional Diversity Measure

Functional Trait Group

(FTG)Reproductive-Habitat-related

Morphological-Reproductive Complete set

Morphological-Habitat-related

0.857*** 0.783*** 0.915***

FRic Reproductive-Habitat-related

0.674*** 0.929***

Morphological-Reproductive

0.717***


0.967*** 0.959*** 0.991***

Functional Dendrogram

Reproductive-Habitat-related

0.976*** 0.984***


0.981***


-0.076*** 0.221*** 0.671***

FEve Reproductive-Habitat-related

-0.324*** -0.201***


0.329***


0.167*** -0.507*** -0.174***

FDiv Reproductive-Habitat-related

-0.066*** 0.526***


0.362***


0.908*** 0.844*** 0.951***

FDis Reproductive-Habitat-related

0.852*** 0.97***


0.924***


0.167*** -0.507*** -0.174***


-0.066*** 0.167***

RaoQ Morphological-Reproductive

-0.507***

*p< 0.05 ; **p < 0.01; ***p< 0.001

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Supplementary Material E. Summary of spatial overlap of hotspots and coldspots between the different FTGs

Table 1 Congruence (% spatial overlap) of hotspots and coldspots between the different FTGs of tree functional diversity aspects (richness, evenness and dispersion) and six FD indices. The hotspot and coldspot definition was based on 5% threshold of the grid cells with the highest or lowest FD values.

Hotspots Coldspots

FD Metric FTG Morphological Reproductive Habitat-related Morphological Reproductive Habitat-relatedComplete Set 2.84 22.70 41.84 27.66 61.70 93.62

FRic Morphological 2.84 3.55 36.17 35.46 Reproductive 34.75 61.70

Complete Set 74.47 12.77 46.81 99.29 94.33 95.74Functional

dendrogram Morphological 18.44 42.55 93.62 95.04 Reproductive 7.09 98.58

Complete Set 15.60 29.79 3.55 2.84 1.42 10.79FEve Morphological 15.60 2.13 58.87 65.25

Reproductive 6.38 68.09Complete Set 2.84 0.00 63.12 0.71 2.84 24.11

FDiv Morphological 5.67 7.80 1.42 0.00 Reproductive 0.00 0.71

Complete Set 9.93 78.01 64.54 37.59 58.87 74.47FDis Morphological 7.80 1.42 0.00 12.06

Reproductive 49.65 58.87Complete Set 8.51 75.89 62.41 32.62 58.87 73.05

RaoQ Morphological 7.09 1.42 0.00 15.60 Reproductive 45.39 58.87

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Supplementary Material F. Summary of the results for the relationships between latitude and FD indices for different FTGs

Table 1 Generalized linear models between latitude and six FD indices for different FTGs: Morphological, Reproductive, Habitat-related, the complete set of traits and combinations of FTGs for amphibians of European Union at 40 km x 40 km grid cell resolution. Parameter estimate ± standard error, p-value with asterisk(s) in the parameters estimate (*p< 0.05 ; **p < 0.01; ***p< 0.001) and pseudo-r2 - as a measure of model fit, are shown in the table.

Morphological Reproductive Habitat-relatedMorphological-Habitat-related



Complete set of traits

FRic Value -0.0021* -0.0020 -0.0016 -0.0011 -0.0011 -0.0022 -0.0009SE 0.0024 0.0006 0.0024 0.0014 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007r2 0.946 0.718 0.933 0.923 0.91 0.93 0.912

Functional dendrogram Value -0.0049 -0.0057 -0.0028* -0.0038 -0.003 -0.0035 -0.0028

SE 0.0183 0.0058 0.0207 0.0226 0.0183 0.0167 0.0221r2 0.773 0.89 0.81 0.783 0.823 0.802 0.835

FEve Value -0.0003 0.0006*** -0.0007 0.0003 -0.0010 0.0005 0.0004**SE 0.0012 0.0011 0.002 0.0006 0.0014 0.0004 0.0004r2 0.803 0.815 0.889 0.819 0.888 0.834 0.821

FDiv Value -0.0016** -0.003 0.0007 -0.00004 0.0015 -0.0042*** -0.0001SE 0.0008 0.0014 0.0009 0.001 0.0006 0.0008 0.0004r2 0.411 0.507 0.576 0.548 0.477 0.701 0.356

FDis Value -0.0064* -0.006*** -0.0068* -0.0063* -0.0065** -0.0063** -0.0063**SE 0.0030 0.0012 0.0028 0.0025 0.0022 0.0022 0.0021r2 0.948 0.969 0.937 0.949 0.968 0.975 0.969

RaoQ Value -0.0014 -0.0015** -0.0014* -0.0012* -0.0012** -0.0012** -0.0012**SE 0.0008 0.0002 0.0006 0.0005 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004r2 0.956 0.959 0.952 0.97 0.97 0.975 0.979

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Supplementary Material G. Summary of the results for the relationships between species richness and FD indices for different FTGs

Table 1 Generalized linear models between species richness and six FD indices for different FTGs a. Morphological, b. Reproductive, c. Habitat-related and d. the complete set of traits for amphibians of European Union at 40 km x 40 km grid cell resolution. (F-value, p-value, df and pseudo-r2 - as a measure of model fit, are shown in the table).

Functional Trait Groups (FTGs)Morphological Reproductive Habitat-related Complete set

FRic F-value 2002.05 340.32 1902.58 2317.12p-value 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

df 2813 2813 2813 2813

r2 0.929 0.489 0.941 0.95F-value 12999.70 2102.42 25133.21 33326.31

Functional dendrogram p-value 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

df 2813 2813 2813 2813

r2 0.66 0.13 0.736 0.744FEve F-value 62.2941 16.6586 39.2425 4.5694

p-value 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0326df 2813 2813 2813 2813

r2 0.001 0.007 0.365 0.009FDiv F-value 3.92 156.25 20.72 1.77

p-value 0.0479 0.0001 0.0001 0.1836df 2813 2813 2813 2813

r2 0.001 0.276 0.069 0.006FDis F-value 745.78 568.30 545.54 972.14

p-value 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001df 2813 2813 2813 2813

r2 0.464 0.281 0.462 0.445RaoQ F-value 748.70 274.43 564.83 1084.16

p-value 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001df 2813 2813 2813 2813

r2 0.464 0.195 0.457 0.414

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static-content.springer.com10.1007... · Web viewSupplementary Material A. List of 150 papers on functional diversity reviewed to register the number of traits and the functional

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