States of Matter

States of MatterChapter 3

Four States of Matter

1. Solid2. Liquid3. Gas

4. Plasma

MatterFirst, we must review that all matter

is made of atoms and molecules that are TOO small to be seen with

the naked eye.

SolidsHave definite shape and volume

• Particles are very close together and they are strongly attracted to

one another

Solids ContinuedThere are 2 Types of Solids:

1. Crystalline 2. Amorphous

Crystalline vs. Amorphous• Crystalline solids have repeating

patterns of atoms, like diamonds or salt

• Amorphous solids have no real order to how the atoms are arranged, like rubber or wax

LiquidsChange Shape but NOT Volume

• The molecules move more quickly than in a solid, but slower than in a

gas• They take the shape of the container they are placed in.

2 Key Properties of Liquids1. Surface tension: is what holds a

liquid together…it is what causes water droplets to be round or

allow a paperclip to float on water although it is more dense than

water

GasesChange BOTH Shape and Volume

• Gases fill the container that they are in.

Gases Under Pressure• Pressure is the amount of force

exerted on a given area.

Boyle’s Law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as its pressure decreases.

Charles’ LawStates that for a fixed amount of gas

at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as temperature increases.

Plasmas• Have NO definite shaper OR

Volume• They conduct electrical current• They exist in the sun, fire, lighting

and the aurora borealis• May make up 90% of the universe

Quiz 1. What are the four states of matter?2. Which of the following best describes the particles of

a liquid?a. The particles are far apart and moving fast.b. The particles are close together and moving past each other.c. The particles are far apart and moving slowly.d. The particles are closely packed and vibrating in place.

3. _____________ have a definite shape and volume.

Changes in State

A change in state is a conversion of a substance from one form to

another.

TemperatureIs a measure of the speed of the

particles in matter. The more energy, the more the molecules

move and the higher the temperature.

MeltingIs a change from a solid to a liquid.

Heat is gained (Endothermic).

Ex. Chocolate on a hot day.

FreezingIs a change from a liquid to a solid.

Heat is lost (exothermic).

Ex. Water turning to ice in the freezer.

VaporizationA substance changes from a liquid to

a gas.

Heat is gained (endothermic).

Ex. Water turning to steam on the stove.

CondenstationA substance changes from a gas to a

liquid.

Heat is lost (exothermic).

Dew forming on grass or moisture on the outside of a pop can.

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4875804498445482796#

SublimationWhen a substance goes directly

from a solid to a gas.

Heat is gained (endothermic).

Ex. Dry Ice

Temperature vs. State of Matter

Temperature does NOT change until the change of state is complete!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvrJgGhnmJo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9WYweBA6vA

Quiz 1. Boiling points and freezing points are examples of _________

properties.a. Chemical b. Physical

2. When a substance loses energy and goes from a solid to a liquid is has:

a. Meltedb. Boiledc. Frozend. Evaporated

3. _________ reactions lose heat, while _______ reactions gain heat.a. Exothermic, Endothermicb. Endothermic, Temperaturec. Temperature, Exothermicd. Endothermic, Exothermic