States of matter

Changes of S

tate-Matter

STATES OF MATTER

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Particles in an object move around. The average movement of particles is measured by its temperature. Changes in temperature happen when an object gains or loses heat.

STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS

•Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.

•Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.

Heat

STATES OF MATTERLIQUID

Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.

Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

STATES OF MATTERGAS

Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.

Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

Heat

Physical Change

Did sharpening this pencil change the type of matter it is?

NO!

Sharpening the pencil only changed how itwas shaped, not the elements inside. The pencilwent through a physical change.

Physical Change alters the form of an object, without changing what type of matter it is.

Temperature and Physical Changes

Physical changes will happen more easily or less easilydepending on the temperature .

PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change

Term for Phase Change

Heat Movement DuringPhase Change

Solid to liquid

Melting(melting point: 0C or 32F)

Heat goes into the solid as it melts.

Liquid to solid

Freezing(freezing point is when a substance begins to freeze. Below 0C or 32F)

Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change

Term for Phase Change

Heat Movement During Phase Change

Liquid to gas

Vaporization: Boiling and evaporation(boiling point:100C or 212F)

Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.

Gas to liquid CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses.

Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

Thermal

Definition: “Warmth”As an object gains heat it GROWSor EXPANDS. This is called thermalexpansion.

As an object loses heat it slows down or shrinks. This is called thermal contraction.

Chemical ChangesTo form a new substance,a chemical change has to happen.

When one or more types of matter change into other types of matter withdifferent properties it is going through a chemical change.

Atoms rearrange themselves to formnew kinds of matter.

Examples

Evidence of Chemical Change

Change of color

Release of heat and light

New smell

Gas bubbles

The formation of a solid

Temperature and Chemical Change

High temperature will speed up the chemicalchange and low temperature will slow it down.