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State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2018 Australia’s National Greenhouse Accounts

May 2020

State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2018 industry.gov.au 1

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Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3

New South Wales ................................................................................................................................ 5

Victoria ................................................................................................................................................ 6

Queensland ......................................................................................................................................... 7

Western Australia ............................................................................................................................... 8

South Australia .................................................................................................................................... 9

Tasmania ........................................................................................................................................... 10

Australian Capital Territory ............................................................................................................... 11

Northern Territory ............................................................................................................................ 12

Appendix 1- Notes................................................................................................................................. 13

Appendix 2- Recalculations ................................................................................................................... 18

Appendix 3- Sectoral Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................................................. 20

Time series data .................................................................................................................................... 24

Related Publications and Resources ..................................................................................................... 25


Introduction The State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2018 provides an overview of the latest

available estimates of greenhouse gas emissions for Australia’s states and territories on a United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) accounting basis.

The state and territory emission estimates in this document are a disaggregation of national

estimates in the National Inventory Report 2018, submitted to the UNFCCC. Those estimates have

been prepared consistent with the Revision of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual

inventories for Parties included in Annex I to the Convention agreed by the Conference of Parties at

its nineteenth session (decision 24/CP.19), including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(IPCC) 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC 2006). National emission

estimation methods were also informed by the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for

National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC 2019) and the 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC

Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands (IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement).

The State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2018 are based on national emissions estimates

prepared consistently with how the Australian Government will acquit its emission reduction

commitments under the Paris Agreement.

Table 1: State and Territory greenhouse gas inventories, financial year (Mt CO2-e), 2005 and 2018

State/Territory Total emissions 2005 (Mt CO2-e)

Total emissions 2018 (Mt CO2-e)

% Change 2005-2018

New South Wales 159.5 131.7 -17.4%

Queensland 187.3 171.7 -8.3%

Victoria 123.8 102.2 -17.5%

Western Australia 75.5 91.5 21.1%

South Australia 35.4 24.2 -31.6%

Northern Territory 14.0 16.0 14.6%

Tasmania 19.6 -2.2 -111.2%

Australian Capital Territory 1.4 1.4 -1.9%

Figure 1: State and Territory total emissions, financial year 2018, (Mt CO2-e)

Note: The NSW inventory includes ACT emissions from the stationary energy sector.

131.7

102.2

171.7

91.5

24.2

-2.2

1.416.0

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

New SouthWales

Victoria Queensland WesternAustralia

SouthAustralia

Tasmania AustralianCapital

Territory

NorthernTerritory

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e

)


In 2018, Queensland was the largest contributor to national emissions (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Contribution to National Emissions by State and Territory, 2018

Additional background information on individual state and territory inventories is provided in the

following sections, Appendix 3 and in associated reporting tables.

Emissions data for states and territories disaggregated on an ANZSIC industrial classification basis is

available in the National Inventory by Economic Sector document.

In addition, data is available from the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS)

through an interactive web interface that provides enhanced accessibility and transparency to

Australia’s greenhouse emissions data https://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/

New South Wales24.5%

Queensland32.0%

Victoria19.0%

Western Australia17.0%

South Australia4.5%

Northern Territory3.0%

Tasmania-0.4%

ACT (partial inventory)

0.3%

External territories0.01%

https://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/


New South Wales Total emissions for New South Wales in 2018 were 131.7 Mt CO2-e. Emissions have declined 17.4% on 2005

levels mainly due to reductions in emissions from stationary energy (mostly electricity) and from the land

sector, while emissions from transport have increased (Figures 3 and 4).

Figure 3: New South Wales, annual emissions, 1990 to 2018

Figure 4: New South Wales, annual emissions by sector, 2005 and 2018

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

StationaryEnergy

Transport FugitiveEmissions

IndustrialProcesses andProduct Use

Agriculture Waste Land Use, LandUse Changeand Forestry

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

2005 2018


Victoria Total emissions for Victoria in 2018 were 102.2 Mt CO2-e. Emissions have declined 17.5% from 2005 levels

mainly due to reductions in emissions from stationary energy (mostly electricity) and from the land sector,

while emissions from transport have increased (Figures 5 and 6).

Figure 5: Victoria, annual emissions, 1990 to 2018

Figure 6: Victoria, annual emissions by sector, 2005 and 2018

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

StationaryEnergy




Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

2005 2018


Queensland Total emissions for Queensland in 2018 were 171.7 Mt CO2-e. Emissions have decreased by 8.3% on 2005

levels, with large reductions from the land sector principally resulting from lower rates of clearing of primary

forest. Emissions have increased in the stationary energy and fugitive from fossil fuel extraction sectors

principally due to strong growth in mining and exports while transport emissions have risen reflecting long

term growth in population and vehicle fleets (Figures 7 and 8).

Figure 7: Queensland, annual emissions, 1990 to 2018

Figure 8: Queensland, annual emissions by sector, 2005 and 2018

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

StationaryEnergy




Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

2005 2018


Western Australia Total emissions for Western Australia in 2018 were 91.5 Mt CO2-e. Emissions have increased 21.1% on 2005

levels, with strong growth in mining and exports driving increases in stationary energy and fugitive emissions

from fossil fuel extraction and long term growth in population and vehicle fleets resulting in increased

transport emissions (Figures 9 and 10).

Figure 9: Western Australia, annual emissions, 1990 to 2018

Figure 10: Western Australia, annual emissions by sector, 2005 and 2018

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

StationaryEnergy




Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

2005 2018


South Australia Total emissions for South Australia in 2018 were 24.2 Mt CO2-e. Emissions have decreased by 31.6% from

emission levels in 2005 mainly due to reductions in emissions from stationary energy (electricity) and from the

land sector (Figures 11 and 12).

Figure 11: South Australia, annual emissions, 1990 to 2018

Figure 12: South Australia, annual emissions by sector, 2005 and 2018

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

StationaryEnergy




Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

2005 2018


Tasmania Total emissions for Tasmania in 2018 were -2.2 Mt CO2-e. Net emissions have declined by 111.2% on emission

levels in 2005 due to reductions in emissions from the land sector, mainly resulting from reductions in native

forest harvesting (Figures 13 and 14).

Figure 13: Tasmania, annual emissions, 1990 to 2018

Figure 14: Tasmania, annual emissions by sector, 2005 and 2018

-10

40

90

140

190

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

StationaryEnergy




Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

2005 2018


Australian Capital Territory In the Australian Capital Territory, emissions were 1.4 Mt CO2-e (a 1.9% decrease on 2005). The largest upward

pressure on emissions was from the transport sector (Figures 15 and 16).

Figure 15: Australian Capital Territory, annual emissions, 1990 to 2018

Figure 16: Australian Capital Territory, annual emissions by sector, 2005 and 2018

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

StationaryEnergy




Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

2005 2018


Northern Territory Total emissions for the Northern Territory in 2018 were 16.0 Mt CO2-e. Emissions have increased by 14.6% on

emission levels in 2005, with strong growth in mining and exports driving increases in fugitive emissions from

fossil fuel extraction and stationary energy emissions and long term growth in population and vehicle fleets

resulting in increased transport emissions (Figures 17 and 18).

Figure 17: Northern Territory, annual emissions, 1990 to 2018

Figure 18: Northern Territory, annual emissions by sector, 2005 and 2018

0

5

10

15

20

25

Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

StationaryEnergy




Emis

sio

ns

(Mt

CO

2-e)

2005 2018


Appendix 1- Notes

Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Australia’s National Greenhouse Accounts are comprised of the:

Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory;

State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories;

National Inventory by Economic Sector; and

National Inventory Report prepared under the reporting provisions applicable to the United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol (KP).

These publications are available online: https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-

change/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications.html.

The emission estimates for these inventories are prepared in accordance with international

guidelines and are subject to annual review by international experts. The methodologies for the

estimation of emissions are documented in Australia’s National Inventory Report.

International Guidelines The state and territory emission estimates in this document are a disaggregation of national

estimates in the National Inventory Report 2018, submitted to the UNFCCC. Those estimates have

been prepared consistent with the Revision of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual

inventories for Parties included in Annex I to the Convention agreed by the Conference of Parties at

its nineteenth session (decision 24/CP.19), including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(IPCC) 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC 2006).

The methodologies used to estimate national emissions have been improved over time and will

continue to be refined as new information emerges, and as international practice evolves. In that

context, the national emission estimation methods were also informed by the 2019 Refinement to

the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC 2019) and the 2013

Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands (IPCC

2013 Wetlands Supplement).

The aim is to ensure that the estimates of national emissions are accurate, transparent, complete,

consistent through time and comparable with those produced in the inventories of other countries.

The Energy sector is made up of many different sources, including:

Stationary energy is mainly greenhouse gas emissions from the production of electricity and

other direct combustion of fossil fuels in industries such as manufacturing and construction.

Transport comprises greenhouse gas emissions from air, road, rail and shipping

transportation.

Fugitive emissions comprises the greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction and

distribution of coal, oil and natural gas.

The Industrial processes and product use sector comprises the direct greenhouse gas

emissions from the chemical and or physical transformation of materials and the

consumption of synthetic greenhouse gases.

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications.html

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/publications.html


The Agriculture sector comprises the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide only (that is, non-

carbon dioxide gases) from livestock, crops, and agricultural and forest soils. The Waste sector

comprises the greenhouse gas emissions from the disposal of solid waste to land, the treatment of

domestic and industrial wastewater, the incineration of municipal and clinical waste and the

biological treatment of solid waste.

The LULUCF sector is made up of several sources, including:

Forest land includes all lands with a tree height of at least 2 metres and crown canopy cover

of 20 per cent or more and lands with systems with a woody biomass vegetation structure

that currently fall below but which, in situ, could potentially reach the threshold values of

the definition of forest land. Young natural stands and all plantations which have yet to

reach a crown density of 20 per cent or tree height of 2 metres are included under forest, as

are areas normally forming part of the forest area which are temporarily unstocked as a

result of either human intervention, such as harvesting, or natural causes, but which are

expected to revert to forest.

Emissions from forest land are estimated consistent with the application of the natural

disturbances provision.

Forest land does not include woody horticulture which meets the forest threshold

parameters; this land is classified as croplands. Australia has adopted a minimum forest area

of 0.2 ha.

Cropland includes all land that is used for continuous cropping and those lands managed as

crop-pasture (grassland) rotations.

Non-CO2 emissions from cropland remaining cropland are reported in the Agriculture sector.

The grassland category represents a diverse range of climate, management and vegetation

cover. The grassland category also includes sub-forest forms of woody vegetation (shrubs).

Settlements include areas of residential and industrial infrastructure, including cities and

towns, and transport networks. The area of the settlements land use classification is based

on information sourced from the ABARES catchments scale land use data, and includes

additional land use classes such as manufacturing and industry, commercial services,

transport and communications including airports etc.

Land areas that meet the definition of forest land are reported under the forest land

category.

Wetlands include areas of perennial lakes, reservoirs, swamps and major water course areas

derived from the Australian Hydrological Geospatial Fabric (AHGF) data published by the

Australian Bureau of Meteorology, and all existing wetlands as defined in the Directory of

Important Wetlands in Australia (DIWA) dataset published by the Department of Industry,

Science, Energy and Resources. Land areas that meet the definition of forest land, such as

mangroves, are reported under the forest land category.

The other land category includes bare soil, rock and other land areas that do not fall into any

of the other five categories according to ABARES’ catchment scale land use map of Australia

(version 5).


The allocation of forest conversion areas to cropland or grassland is designated by the

relative frequency of the management practices within the particular ABS Statistical Local

Areas and soil type in which it occurred.

Where there has been direct human-induced conversion from grass to forest these lands are

classified and reported as land converted to forest. This includes observed regrowth on

previously cleared lands. The generation of woody vegetation on grassland from natural

seed sources is classified as land converted to forest land or grassland remaining grassland,

depending on whether the vegetation meets the criteria for forest land.

In cases where there is a temporary change in forest cover, due to a forest harvest or fire,

the land remains in the forest land category unless a subsequent land use change is

identified.

The permanent conversion of forest land to other land uses is distinguished from a

temporary removal or loss of forest cover. Changes in forest cover due to natural events

(e.g. fire, drought) or changes that occur within land tenures where it is expected that the

land will revert to forest (e.g. harvested forest, national park) are monitored for a period of

time, depending upon the type of forest land use. In the absence of land use change, areas

without forest cover that have entered the monitoring system continue to be classified as

“forest” provided that the time since forest cover loss is shorter than the number of years

within which tree establishment is expected. After that time period, lands that have lost

forest cover due to direct human-induced actions, have undergone land use change, and

failed to regenerate are classified as converted to the appropriate non-forest land use

classification.

Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System The Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) provides online public access to

emission estimates, background supporting data and time-series analyses that support the National

Greenhouse Accounts. The dynamic interface allows users to select emissions data of interest and

download the results in a format which allows for further analysis of the data on their own desktop.

More information on these State and Territory estimates is available from the Australian

Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) https://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/.

Gases This report covers sources of greenhouse gas emissions and removals by sinks resulting from human

(anthropogenic) activities for the major greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),

nitrous oxide (N2O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride

(SF6). In accordance with IPCC guidelines, Australia’s emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrogen

trifluoride (NF3) are considered negligible and are not estimated.

GWPs have been used for each of the major greenhouse gases to convert them to carbon dioxide

equivalents (CO2-e). As greenhouse gases vary in their radiative activity and in their atmospheric

residence time, converting emissions into CO2-e allows the integrated effect of emissions of the

various gases to be compared. The GWPs used in this Report were the 100-year GWPs contained in

the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC 2007), by international agreement.



External Territories The geographical coverage of the State and Territories Greenhouse Gas Inventories also includes

emissions from Norfolk Island, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Heard and McDonald

Islands. Australia’s Antarctic Program operations in the Antarctic are also covered. The following

external territories are covered but are included in the respective state statistical territories by the

Australian Bureau of Statistics: Coral Sea Islands (Queensland), and Ashmore and Cartier Islands

(Northern Territory).

Uncertainty Analysis Uncertainty is inherent within any kind of estimation. Uncertainty assessments at a sectoral level are

reported in the National Inventory Report. Overall, at the national inventory level including LULUCF,

the uncertainty of the emissions estimates level has been assessed at 4.7%. While no quantitative

estimates have been produced, the Department assesses that the uncertainties for emission

estimates for these inventories, particularly the smaller States and Territories, will be somewhat

higher than for the national inventory.

Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) Performance

Audit: 2016-17 The ANAO is an independent office established under the Auditor-General Act 1997. Its purpose is to

drive accountability and transparency in the Australian Government sector through quality evidence

based audit services and independent reporting to Parliament, the Executive and the public, with the

result of improving public sector performance.

The ANAO conducts performance audits of government agencies operating under the Standard on

Assurance Engagements ASAE 3500 Performance Engagements issued by the Australian Auditing and

Assurance Standards Board (AUASB). ANAO reports are tabled in the Australian Parliament and

subject to review by the Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audit (JCPAA).

The ANAO undertook a performance audit of the national inventory over nine months (August 2016

to April 2017). Its objective was to assess the effectiveness of arrangements for the preparation and

reporting of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions estimates in the National Inventory Report 2014

(revised) for the year 2014.

Through the course of the audit the ANAO examined Department records relating to the preparation

of the estimates, including UNFCCC and departmental guides, implementation plans, quality

assurance/quality control documents, and general governance documentation, examined ten

inventory sectors representing more than 50 per cent of national emissions; comprising over 5250

data points across more than 158 data types contained in spreadsheets supporting the entry of data

into AGEIS, examined key IT controls supporting AGEIS and FullCAM, and interviewed Department

staff and sought input from the public and key stakeholders.

The ANAO reported that the Department has established appropriate processes to prepare,

calculate and publish Australia’s national inventory for the year 2014, emissions estimates have

been calculated using relevant contemporary data, appropriate quality assurance and control

procedures are in place for inventory data processing, emission calculations and reporting, and the

aggregate impact of data issues identified in the national inventory across the time series 1990-2014

was calculated by the Department as less than 0.1 per cent per year.


All data issues identified by the ANAO have been addressed or corrected. The ANAO also made a

number of recommendations relating to improving the data accuracy, security and governance

arrangements for the preparation, calculation and publication of the national inventory. Measures to

address aspects of these recommendations were implemented through the course of the

preparation of the National Inventory Report 2015 and the National Inventory Report 2016.


Appendix 2- Recalculations A sectoral breakdown of National, State and Territory greenhouse gas emissions recalculations for 2005 and 2018 are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Sectoral breakdown of National, State, and Territory greenhouse gas inventories recalculations.

AUSTRALIA New South Wales Queensland Victoria Western Australia

Emissions (Mt CO2-e)

2005


2017


2005


2017


2005


2017


2005


2017


2005


2017

Inventory total 6.6 -5.2 -1.2 -0.5 0.4 3.5 0.9 -2.0 3.8 -2.6

SECTORS/KEY SUBSECTORS

ENERGY SECTOR 0.3 -1.8 -0.4 -0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 0.7 -1.8

Stationary Energy 0.0 -1.2 -0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.8

Energy Industries 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Electricity generation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other energy industries -0.0 0.1 -0.0 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.0 0.1 -0.0 0.0

Manufacturing and construction 0.0 -1.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 0.0 -0.7

Other sectors 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.0 -0.1

Transport -0.0 0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.6 0.0

Fugitive Fuels 0.3 -0.8 -0.0 -0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 -1.0

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 0.0 -0.6 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

AGRICULTURE 4.2 4.0 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Livestock 3.7 3.5 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

Other Agriculture 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

WASTE 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY

2.2 -7.7 -1.7 -1.6 -1.2 2.0 0.5 -2.2 2.5 -1.6

Inventory total 6.6 -5.2 -1.2 -0.5 0.4 3.5 0.9 -2.0 3.8 -2.6


AUSTRALIA South Australia Northern Territory Tasmania Australian Capital Territory

(partial inventory)


2005


2017


2005


2017


2005


2017


2005


2017


2005


2017

Inventory total 6.6 -5.2 0.4 -0.2 0.8 -0.6 1.5 -1.9 0.0 0.2


ENERGY SECTOR 0.3 -1.8 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Stationary Energy 0.0 -1.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Energy Industries 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Electricity generation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other energy industries 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Manufacturing and construction 0.0 -1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Other sectors 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Transport 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Fugitive Fuels 0.3 -0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 0.0 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

AGRICULTURE 4.2 4.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Livestock 3.7 3.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other Agriculture 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

WASTE 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


2.2 -7.7 0.2 -0.6 0.3 -1.1 1.6 -1.8 0.0 0.2

Inventory total 6.6 -5.2 0.4 -0.2 0.8 -0.6 1.5 -1.9 0.0 0.2


Appendix 3- Sectoral Greenhouse Gas Emissions A detailed sectoral breakdown of National, State and Territory greenhouse gas emissions for 2005 and 2018 are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below.

Table 3: Sectoral breakdown of National, State, and Territory greenhouse gas inventories and contribution to National emissions, 2005abcd

AUSTRALIA NSW e QLD VIC WA



% Contribution to National Emissions







Inventory total 617.2 159.5 25.8% 187.3 30.3% 123.8 20.1% 75.5 12.2%


ENERGY SECTOR 399.9 117.3 29.3% 92.2 23.1% 104.6 26.2% 51.5 12.9%

Stationary Energy 278.7 75.5 27.1% 64.5 23.1% 82.0 29.4% 36.6 13.1%

Energy Industries 216.5 62.0 28.7% 52.9 24.4% 66.8 30.8% 22.6 10.4%

Electricity generation 196.8 58.1 29.5% 47.6 24.2% 63.5 32.3% 17.6 8.9%

Other energy industries 19.7 3.9 19.9% 5.3 26.9% 3.3 16.5% 5.0 25.3%

Manufacturing and construction 41.6 8.8 21.2% 9.1 21.8% 7.1 17.0% 11.5 27.8%

Other sectors 20.7 4.6 22.3% 2.6 12.4% 8.1 39.2% 2.5 11.8%

Transport 82.2 24.0 29.2% 17.9 21.8% 20.2 24.6% 10.3 12.6%

Fugitive Fuels 38.9 17.8 45.8% 9.9 25.3% 2.4 6.2% 4.6 11.9%

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 31.9 14.5 45.6% 5.5 17.2% 3.2 10.0% 3.9 12.4%

AGRICULTURE 80.1 20.4 25.5% 21.0 26.2% 16.8 21.0% 10.8 13.5%

Livestock 64.7 16.4 25.4% 18.2 28.2% 13.4 20.8% 7.7 11.9%

Other Agriculture 15.4 4.0 26.1% 2.7 17.7% 3.4 21.9% 3.1 20.2%

WASTE 14.4 5.0 34.7% 2.6 17.8% 3.9 27.2% 1.4 10.1%


91.0 2.2 2.5% 66.1 72.6% -4.7 -5.2% 7.8 8.6%

Inventory total 617.2 159.5 25.8% 187.3 30.3% 123.8 20.1% 75.5 12.2%


AUSTRALIA SA NT TAS ACT (partial inventory) e










Inventory total 617.2 35.4 5.7% 14.0 2.3% 19.6 3.2% 1.4 0.2%


ENERGY SECTOR 399.9 23.9 6.0% 5.1 1.3% 3.8 1.0% 0.9 0.2%


Energy Industries 216.5 10.1 4.7% 1.6 0.7% 0.5 0.2% 0.0 IE

Electricity generation 196.8 8.1 4.1% 1.4 0.7% 0.5 0.3% 0.0 IE

Other energy industries 19.7 2.0 10.3% 0.2 1.2% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 IE

Manufacturing and construction 41.6 2.3 5.6% 1.8 4.3% 1.0 2.4% 0.0 IE

Other sectors 20.7 1.7 8.2% 0.2 1.0% 0.4 2.0% 0.0 0.0%

Transport 82.2 6.0 7.3% 1.0 1.2% 1.9 2.3% 0.9 1.1%

Fugitive Fuels 38.9 3.7 9.4% 0.5 1.2% 0.0 0.1% 0.0 IE


AGRICULTURE 80.1 6.1 7.6% 2.6 3.3% 2.3 2.8% 0.0 0.0%

Livestock 64.7 4.6 7.1% 2.5 3.9% 1.8 2.7% 0.0 0.1%


WASTE 14.4 0.8 5.2% 0.1 0.8% 0.4 2.8% 0.2 1.4%


91.0 1.7 1.9% 6.1 6.7% 11.6 12.7% 0.2 0.2%

Inventory total 617.2 35.4 5.7% 14.0 2.3% 19.6 3.2% 1.4 0.2%

a. These emissions estimates are reported using UNFCCC classifications. b. The State and Territory emissions estimates are consistent with the methodology applied for the 2018 National Greenhouse Gas Accounts. In the future, these estimates will be subject to revision in line with ongoing methodological development work being undertaken by the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources to refine the national inventory estimates. c. The difference between the national and the sum of the State and Territory emissions (less than 0.2%) reflects the inclusion of military transport and external territories in the national inventory. Numbers may also not sum to totals due to rounding. d. Uncertainty assessments at a sectoral level are reported in the national inventory. While no quantitative estimates have been produced, the Department assesses that the uncertainties for emission estimates for these inventories, particularly the smaller States and Territories, will be somewhat higher than for the national inventory. e. The NSW inventory includes ACT emissions from the Stationary Energy sector. NA Not Applicable, IE Included Elsewhere, NO Not Occurring, NE Not Estimated.


Table 4: Sectoral breakdown of National, State, and Territory greenhouse gas inventories and contribution to National emissions, 2018abcd

AUSTRALIA NSW e QLD VIC WA










Inventory total 537.4 131.7 24.5% 171.7 32.0% 102.2 19.0% 91.5 17.0%


ENERGY SECTOR 435.6 109.1 25.0% 119.3 27.4% 91.5 21.0% 84.4 19.4%


Energy Industries 213.8 55.9 26.1% 64.6 30.2% 49.5 23.2% 35.3 16.5%

Electricity generation 183.2 52.1 28.4% 52.9 28.9% 46.4 25.4% 25.3 13.8%

Other energy industries 30.7 3.8 12.4% 11.8 38.3% 3.1 10.0% 10.0 32.7%

Manufacturing and construction 40.7 5.9 14.6% 9.5 23.4% 4.8 11.8% 16.7 40.9%

Other sectors 25.8 5.5 21.4% 3.5 13.5% 9.8 38.2% 3.5 13.7%

Transport 100.8 28.7 28.5% 22.6 22.4% 23.5 23.3% 14.7 14.6%

Fugitive Fuels 54.4 13.0 23.9% 19.1 35.0% 3.9 7.1% 14.2 26.1%


AGRICULTURE 75.6 18.0 23.8% 21.2 28.0% 15.7 20.8% 9.4 12.4%

Livestock 59.0 13.9 23.6% 18.5 31.3% 11.8 19.9% 5.9 10.0%


WASTE 12.7 4.3 33.7% 2.6 20.3% 2.6 20.4% 1.6 12.9%


-20.6 -13.3 64.5% 2280.3% -110.7% -1143.6% 55.5% -902.1% 43.8%

Inventory total 537.4 131.7 24.5% 171.7 32.0% 102.2 19.0% 91.5 17.0%


AUSTRALIA SA NT TAS ACT (partial inventory) e










Inventory total 537.4 24.2 4.5% 16.0 3.0% -2.2 -0.4% 1.4 0.3%


ENERGY SECTOR 435.6 18.4 4.2% 7.0 1.6% 3.8 0.9% 1.1 0.3%


Energy Industries 213.8 4.7 2.2% 3.3 1.5% 0.5 0.2% 0.0 IE

Electricity generation 183.2 3.8 2.1% 2.2 1.2% 0.5 0.3% 0.0 IE

Other energy industries 30.7 0.9 3.0% 1.0 3.4% 0.0 0.0% 0.0 IE

Manufacturing and construction 40.7 2.2 5.5% 0.4 0.9% 1.2 2.9% 0.0 IE

Other sectors 25.8 1.8 7.1% 0.3 1.0% 0.5 1.9% 0.0 0.0%

Transport 100.8 7.1 7.0% 1.5 1.5% 1.6 1.6% 1.1 1.1%

Fugitive Fuels 54.4 2.6 4.7% 1.6 3.0% 0.1 0.2% 0.0 0.1%


AGRICULTURE 75.6 5.9 7.8% 3.2 4.2% 2.3 3.0% 0.0 0.0%

Livestock 59.0 4.1 7.0% 3.0 5.1% 1.8 3.0% 0.0 0.0%


WASTE 12.7 1.0 7.6% 0.2 1.3% 0.4 2.8% 0.1 1.0%


-20.6 -4.7 22.7% 5.5 -26.7% -10.4 50.4% -0.1 0.5%

Inventory total 537.4 24.2 4.5% 16.0 3.0% -2.2 -0.4% 1.4 0.3%

a. These emissions estimates are reported using UNFCCC classifications. b. The State and Territory emissions estimates are consistent with the methodology applied for the 2018 National Greenhouse Gas Accounts. In future these estimates will be subject to revision in line with ongoing methodological development work being undertaken by the Department of the Industry, Science, Energy and Resources to refine the national inventory estimates. c. The difference between the national and the sum of the State and Territory emissions (less than 0.2%) reflects the inclusion of military transport and external territories in the national inventory. Numbers may also not sum to totals due to rounding. d. Uncertainty assessments at a sectoral level are reported in the national inventory. While no quantitative estimates have been produced, the Department assesses that the uncertainties for emission estimates for these inventories, particularly the smaller States and Territories, will be somewhat higher than for the national inventory. e. The NSW inventory includes ACT emissions from the Stationary Energy sector. NA Not Applicable, IE Included Elsewhere, NO Not Occurring. Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding.


Time series data Time series of greenhouse gas and black carbon emissions by State and Territory are available on the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources

website.

Black carbon, an aerosol (airborne particle) emitted from combustion processes is emitted as a component of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5

micrometres (≤ 2.5 μm) in diameter (PM2.5). Data from the National Pollutant Inventory has been used in conjunction with greenhouse gas data to derive

national black carbon estimates. Estimates are provided of black carbon emissions for energy, industrial processes and product use, waste, transport,

residential burning and biomass burning.

Note - changes in black carbon emissions do not necessarily correlate to air quality or any health effects that may be attributed to air quality. Air quality is

influenced by a wide range of factors, both natural and anthropogenic.


Related Publications and Resources

Australia’s National Greenhouse Accounts The following Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources publications are all available

on the departmental website.

National Inventory Report 2018 The three volumes comprising Australia’s National Inventory Report 2018 have been submitted

under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto

Protocol (KP) in May 2020. These reports contain national greenhouse gas emission estimates for

the period 1990-2018 compiled under the rules for reporting applicable to the UNFCCC and KP.

Volume 1: Includes Australia’s data for energy (stationary energy, transport and fugitive emissions),

industrial processes and agriculture.

Volume 2: Australia’s data for the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) and waste

sectors, recalculations and improvements.

Volume 3: Australia’s data for Kyoto Protocol LULUCF, Kyoto Protocol accounting requirements,

annexes, glossary and references.

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/climate-science-

data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/tracking-emissions.html

National Inventory by Economic Sector 2018 This document provides an overview of the latest available estimates of annual greenhouse gas

emissions, disaggregated by Australia-New Zealand Standard Industrial Classifications (ANZSIC).

Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse

Gas Inventory: December 2019 This report provides estimates of Australia’s national inventory up to the December quarter of 2019

and a preliminary emission estimates from the National Electricity Market for the March quarter of

2020.

Emissions Projections: Australia’s emissions projections

2019 The report provides detail on emissions trends, including sector specific analysis of factors driving

emissions. It also includes sensitivity analyses taking into consideration different assumptions of

technology change and energy exports in the future:

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-

change/publications/emissions-projections-2019.html

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/tracking-emissions.html

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/tracking-emissions.html

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/publications/emissions-projections-2019.html

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/publications/emissions-projections-2019.html


Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System

(AGEIS) The AGEIS centralises the Department’s emissions estimation, emissions data management and

reporting systems. AGEIS is used to compile national and state and territory inventories. The

interactive web interface provides enhanced accessibility and transparency to Australia’s

greenhouse emissions data. https://ageis.climatechange.gov.au/

Full Carbon Accounting Model The Full Carbon Accounting Model (FullCAM) is the calculation engine which supports the estimation

of carbon stock change on forest and agricultural systems. FullCAM can be downloaded from the

Department’s webpage: https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-

change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/land-sector.html.

Australia’s Fourth Biennial Report Australia’s second Biennial Report is a comprehensive summary of Australia’s progress towards

meeting its commitments under the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC). Countries such as Australia are required to submit these reports to the UNFCCC every two

years. https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-

change/publications/australias-fourth-biennial-report.html

What the rest of the world is doing Other developed countries are also required to produce annual greenhouse gas inventories. More

information regarding the reporting requirements and various international reports (including

reports by Australia) are located online: http://unfccc.int/national_reports/items/1408.php


https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/land-sector.html

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/climate-science-data/greenhouse-gas-measurement/land-sector.html

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/publications/australias-fourth-biennial-report.html

https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/climate-change/climate-change/publications/australias-fourth-biennial-report.html

http://unfccc.int/national_reports/items/1408.php

State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2018 · State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2018 industry.gov.au 4 In 2018, Queensland was the largest contributor to national

Documents