Standard IV: The student will understand concepts related to the United State Civil War Era.

Standard IV: The student will understand concepts related to the United State Civil War Era

Objective 1: Identify and evaluate events, causes, and effects of the Civil War Era

8 questions

Compromise of 1850• Henry Clay author of compromise

• California would enter the country as a free state

• Unorganized territory of the West would be admitted as free territory

• Utah & New Mexico Territories would be open to slavery by popular sovereignty (people living in the area would vote on whether or not to allow slavery)

Fugitive Slave Act• Part of the Compromise of 1850• Northern states must return escaped

sLAves to their owners• Northerners caught aiding fugitives would

be jailed & fined• Fugitive act very unpopular in the North

Kansas-Nebraska Act• Signed into law by President Pierce

• Territories of Kansas & Nebraska had been free, but now the population would use popular sovereignty

• Both Southerners & Northerners rushed in Kansas to vote

• Bleeding Kansas- 2 governments were established; 1 free capital & 1 slave capital

Formation of Republican Party

• 1854- coalition of Democrats, Whigs, & Free-Soilers

• Did not want slavery to expand into the new territories

Dred Scott Decision• 1857- Dred Scott was a slave for a military dr.;

traveled to a free territory; Scott sued for his freedom

• Supreme Court ruled:– No slave or descendant of a slave was a citizen– Dred Scott was not a citizen; therefore had no right to

bring a case to court– Time he spent on free soil didn’t make him free– Slaves were property– The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

John Brown Raid•1859- John Brown- strong abolitionist

•Planned to seize arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA to free slaves

•Raid was not well planned; authorities captured John Brown & was sentenced to death

•Brown’s death helped to build support for the abolitionist movement

1858 Senate Election• Abraham Lincoln (Republican) from IL against

Stephen Douglas (Democrat)

• Lincoln didn’t want slavery to expand to new territories

• Douglas never made stand on slavery

Democratic Party Split• Democratic party split over the issue of

slavery

• Northern Democrats chose Stephen Douglas

• Southern Democrats chose John Breckinridge

1860 Election• Lincoln won the election without winning one

southern state

• December 1860- South Carolina seceded (to break away) from the union

• By February of 1861- MS, AL, GA, FL, LA, & TX joined SC; created the Confederate States of America with the capital in Montgomery (later will be moved to Richmond, VA); Jefferson Davis became president

War Starts• Ft. Sumter located in SC; needed more supplies;

Lincoln told governor of SC he was sending food

• April 12, 1861- Battle of Ft. Sumter; Confederate soldiers opened fire on federal ships

• Federal soldiers were forced to surrender

Pockets of Resistance• Winston County, Alabama- poorest & least tied to

institution of slavery; didn’t support secession; Confederacy implemented draft & Winston County declared neutrality; Confederacy viewed Winston County as sympathizers with North

• Western Virginia didn’t support secession; felt they had more in common with North; 1863- became West Virginia

Economic events during the war

• Homestead Act (1862)- anyone who would agree to cultivate 160 acres of land for 5 years would get the title to the land

• Morrill-Land Grant Act (1862)- each state got land for the foundation of the public university system

Cultural events during the war• Draft was used for the 1st time

• People could pay for a substitute if they were drafted

• Irish immigrants had no money to pay for substitute

• Rioters in New York killed over 1000 people & did $2 million dollars worth of damage

• Emancipation Proclamation- issued by Lincoln in 1863; freed slaves in the Confederacy

Legal events during the war

• Maryland was divided over the war; if MD went to Confederacy meant DC would be surrounded by Confederacy

• Lincoln suspended habeas corpus- guaranteed that a person could not be imprisoned w/o appearing in court; Confederate supporters were sent to jail

Major Battles• 1st Battle of Bull Run- loss for Union

• Shiloh- bloodiest battle of the Civil War

• Antietam- plans of Robert E. Lee (Confederate general) fell into the hand of the Union; bloodiest day of the war

• Vicksburg- Mississippi- Union general Ulysses Grant laid siege to Vicksburg; city fell to Union giving control of Mississippi River to Union

• Gettysburg- considered to be the turning point of the war; Union victory

• Mobile Bay- Union troops occupied the city; cut off important port for the Confederacy

• Atlanta- Union victory; Union had control of railroad head

• Sherman’s March to the Sea- Union general William Sherman marched from Atlanta to Savannah burning everything along the way; broke the morale of the Confederacy

Gettysburg Address• Speech given to Lincoln November of 1863

• Lincoln spoke of his desire to see the country come back together

End of the War• Confederate general Robert E. Lee forced to

surrender April of 1865 at Appomattox, VA

• Union general U.S. Grant offered generous terms (generally not his style)

Cost of War: North

• Industrial production increased during war

• 3 new states: KS, WV, NV

• 360,000 Union soldiers lost lives

• Economy suffered a recession due to more workers & slow down of manufacturing

Cost of War: South

• Lost fight for independence

• Lost slave-based economy

• Southern land destroyed

• Southerners feared retaliation from North

Plans for Reconstruction• Lincoln’s Plan:

– 10% of voting populace had to swear allegiance to the Union & Constitution; very generous

• Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865; Andrew Johnson takes presidency; many questions about Reconstruction

• Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South

• Andrew Johnson implemented a mild form of Reconstruction- allowed whites to maintain political power

Radical Reconstruction • Reconstruction Act

– South divided into 5 military districts– Southern states would not be admitted into the Union

until they ratified the 14th Amendment– Black citizens must be granted the right to vote– Former Confederate officials couldn’t hold public office

• Andrew Johnson impeached because Republicans felt that he would be too easy on the South; he was found innocent

Southern Feelings of Reconstruction

• South was bitter about losing war

• Resented the North for Reconstruction

• Resented carpetbaggers & scalawags

• Carpetbaggers- people who came from the North to do business in the South

• Scalawags- Southerners that supported Reconstruction

Reconstruction Ends• U.S. Grant- president after Johnson; not a good

political leader; presidency remembered for corruption

• Election 1876- Tilden (Dem) vs. Hayes (Rep); big controversy; Compromise of 1876- Hayes becomes president as long as Reconstruction ends in the South