- 1. Sanitation and Hygiene in Asia Practitioners Workshop,
Rajendrapur , 31 Jan - 3 Feb 2012 Supporting local government in 5
Asian countrieson sustainable sanitation & hygiene for
allMethodology for Performance Monitoring Christine Sijbesma on
behalfof the whole SSH4A team1
2. Contents BhutanThe SSH4A project NepalPerformance
MonitoringVietnamFramework LaosSome preliminary
resultsMethodological lessons Cambodia 3. SSH4A project 2 year
project to support local governments toprovide Sustainable
Sanitation and Hygiene for All 5 Asian countries: Bhutan, Cambodia,
LaoPDR, Nepal, Vietnam Cooperation National and Local Gvts, SNV
WASH Asiaand IRC Asia Region Financial support Civic Society Fund,
AusAid and DGIScore funding for SNV and IRC knowledge centres 4.
Goal, targets, strategyIn brief: Support local governments within
their own frameworks toimprove rural sanitation & hygiene
through a holistic approach Enhanced access of 122,000 rural people
and 120 schools tosanitation and hygiene Duration in countries:
June 2010 to Dec 2011 (18 months) Learning approach: learn by
doing, monitoring and from eachother Focus on equity,
sustainability and faster progress at scale 5. Five linked
components Learning & sharingBetween components 6. Performance
Monitoring Framework 5 common performance indicators in Civic
Society WASH Fund:# additional people with access to safe water
(not in SSH4A)# additional people with access to basic sanitation#
additional locations with hand washing facilities and soap#
additional schools with water sanitation & hand washing
facilities# additional water and sanitation service providers
monitoredindependently 7. Qualitative Information System (QIS)
Developed by IRC and WSP for World Bank as participatorygender and
poverty sensitive project evaluation. Specific objective to
quantify qualitative data on quality ofservices, participation of
women and thepoor, sustainability, empowerment, etc. Gradually
developed into a participatory monitoringmethodology at scale. Used
in India, Indonesia, Nepal, SriLanka, Vietnam, Laos, Bhutan,
Cambodia, Kenya, SouthAfrica, Colombia, Peru, etc. 8. Quantified
qualitative indicatorsProgress towards/in: Sanitary toilets in HHs
and schools # toilets used in an increasingly hygienic way in HHs
& schools # HHs & schools with increasingly adequate
facilities forhandwashing with soap # Local sanitation enterprises
(already numerical) Degree of female involvement in sanitation
enterprises Level and quality of sanitation services Existence
& quality of localized Behaviour ChangeCommunication (BCC)
program at relevant admin. level(s) 9. Quantified qualitative
indicatorsProgress in governance: Multi-stakeholder cooperation in
sector Pro-poor support mechanisms for sanitation Degree of
influence of women/ excluded groups/ very poor Capacity of
government and NGOs to facilitate quality CLTS atcommunity level
& monitor & manage progressLearning and Sharing: numerical,
qualitative (no. & type ofpresentations, workshops, meetings,
gender of participants, etc. ) 10. Measuring progress beyondODF and
JMP (san) : Source: Antoinette Kome, WASH team leader Asia Region,
Nepal 11. Observations Cambodia (pilot 2 prov., 6 villages)Baseline
Mid term0 No toilet/ open defecation 14% 7%1 Toilet but human
faeces are not contained and areaccessible for human contact and
contact by other animals 59%7%(=unimproved toilet)2 Benchmark:
Toilet + human faeces contained + inaccessiblefor human contact and
contact by other animals (=14%24%improved sanitation) (pit and
slab)3 Toilet + human faeces contained in such a way that it is
inaccessible for human contact and contact by other7%15% animals +
no flies or rodents going in and out.4 Toilet + human faeces
contained in such a way that it is inaccessible for human contact
and contact by other animals + no flies or rodents going in and out
+ human faeces are contained in such a way that it cannot 6% 48%
contaminate surface- or ground-water. 12. Measuring equity on
genderObservation & reporting for 2 meetings: community and
WASH ScorecommitteeNo participation of women in meetings0Females
attend the meetings, but do not speak1Females attend + speak, but
not listened to2Females attend + speak + listened to, but do not
influence decisions 3Females attend + speak + listened to +
influence decisions 4Reasons for score:In same way: equity for poor
and gender in SMEsIntended action: 13. Beyond MDG and JMP: total
progress for toilet access and useAggregated data from 4 of 5
countries Source: A. Kome, SNV 14. Progress Ind. 3a: handwashing
observations(without Laos) Source: A. Kome, SNV 15. Capacity
development for good quality CLTSNepal mid-term outcomes Source: A.
Kome, SNV 16. PitfallsCannot be developed behind deskScales are
programme and culture specificShould measure outcomes, not inputs
or outputsSteps must be incremental; no gaps, no overlapsNo 2 or 3
combined options in one stepAvoid undefined concepts and subjective
terms, e.g. clean 17. Pitfalls (2)Proper sampling methods and size
required forrepresentative dataScales themselves must be pre-tested
and piloted in the fieldReasons for scores are crucial for
analysisIs extractive without local discussions & use for
actionIf designed and used without expertise, data can be spurious
18. On-going progress, next steps Integration into national
programs: Bhutan scaled up from 4 sub-districts to 1 and now 2 full
districts Cambodia Laos Nepal : scaled up to one of 5 regions
Vietnam: third province started Other ESAs come in to support at
country level For near future aim for programmatic approach with
multiple ESAs Methodological review done to enhance rigor of
monitoring methodand data (available c. February 2012 19. More
information, documents, photo story womenmasons etc. e:Sustainable
sanitation and hygiene for allhttp://www.irc.nl/page/57188