J. Marshall, 2011
May 20, 2015
J. Marshall, 2011J. Marshall, 2011
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
• 1919 Paris Peace Talks – Versailles Treaty• 1922 Chanak Crisis• 1923 Halibut Treaty• 1926 King-Byng Affair• 1926 Balfour Declaration/Imperial Conference• 1931 Statute of Westminster
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
References:
Falk’s Workbook pp 71 – 74
Counterpoints text pp 55 - 56
1. Treaty of Versailles Canada gave dearly:
• Casualties: 8 million pop.– 600,000 served – 66,000 died – 150,000 wounded = the lost generation
• Cost: $1.7 billion
• Social unrest : conscription crisis
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
British AcknowledgementBritish Acknowledgement
• Imperial War Cabinet
• Gen. Arthur Currie –
Corps commander treated like more
• Cdn Corps’ “star status”
BUT…..BUT…..
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
Borden at Versailles table
Borden argued:
1. The Canadian Corps’ exceptional war record as storm
troopers had brought Canada international recognition.
2. Names like Vimy and Passchendaele had cemented our
place in history.
3. Our great SACRIFICE warranted a
separate seat.
2. Chanak Crisis, 1922
2. Chanak Crisis, 1922
Greek defeat put Turks near British and French garrison in DMZ = call for war against Turkey
WE NEED HELP…
Canada!
Mustafa Kemal AtaturkDavid
Lloyd George
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
2. Chanak Crisis2. Chanak Crisis
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
Mackenzie King insisted that
the issue be debated and by the
time it was, the crisis was over.
How is this lack of unconditional
support different than other “calls to
arms” for Canada?
Mackenzie King insisted that
the issue be debated and by the
time it was, the crisis was over.
How is this lack of unconditional
support different than other “calls to
arms” for Canada?
3. Halibut Treaty3. Halibut Treaty• Past boundary disputes:
– Maine/New Brunswick – Alaska/B.C. – San Juan Islands (Washington/B.C.)
• 1923 USA/Canada negotiate a joint management model to address declining halibut stocks
• International Pacific Halibut Commission (4 members: 2 Cdn/2 US)
• 1st international treaty negotiated independent of Britain (but not ratified by US Senate)
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
…I’ll establish my own ambassador in Washington if the Brits continue to meddle in our affairs!
4. The King-Byng Affair4. The King-Byng Affair
See pp. 54 (cartoon) and 55 of Global Forces text
• 1925 election
• King refuses to resign as P.M., and with Progressive support, formed a minority govt (he had even lost his seat!)
• Progressives pull support in 1926 after excise/liquor scandal and Tories call for vote of censure.
• King asks Byng to call election, instead.• Byng refuses/asks Meighen to form gov’t – soon loses vote in HC.• Meighen asks for election and one is granted.• King campaigns vs. “undemocratic process” and wins MAJORITY !
Liberals 101
Conservatives 116
Progressives 24
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
Hero of
Vimy
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
• Byng was following precedent in fulfilling role as both rep of British + Cdn govt
• First time a GG had refused the PM• By winning, King showed the will of the nation
and this became a landmark event.
• Precedent changedPrecedent changed to give primacy to the PM = de facto head of Cda
So What?So What?Poor
Bungo
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
• Byng was following precedent in fulfilling role as both rep of British + Cdn govt
• By winning, King showed the will of the nation and this became a landmark event.
• Precedent changed to give primacy to the P.M. = de facto head of Cda
So What?So What?
5. 1926 Balfour Declaration/Report5. 1926 Balfour Declaration/Report( the second one )
• 1926 Imperial Conference, London• Former British P.M. recommends: give the
Dominions their independence.• “A colony became a nation”
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
The UK and the dominions “are autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to the other in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations.”
6. Statute of Westminster 6. Statute of Westminster
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
• 1931 British act of parliament – enacts Balfour
• did not affect any element of the BNA Act since the provinces couldn’t agree on change until 1982!
= de facto and immediate independence of Canada
“No Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom passed after the commencement of this Act shall extend or be deemed to extend, to a Dominion as part of the law of that Dominion, unless it is expressly declared in that Act that that Dominion has requested, and consented to, the enactment thereof.”
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
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FF7. Conclusion
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
1919
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7. Conclusion
Writing a “So-what” paragraph response:
Identify the topic and add interest through mystery.
Deal with the supporting points one at a time but ensure to give the so-what (significance) of each.
Reemphasize the main argument and add a creative closing statement.
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In the dozen years that followed the fighting of the First World War, a series of national and international events resulted in Britain making Canada an independent country.
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Example response:
In the dozen years that followed the fighting of the First World War, a series of national and international events resulted in Britain making Canada an independent country.
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Example response:
First, because of Canada’s war record and significant sacrifices in France and Belgium, P.M. Borden insisted on a separate seat at the Paris Peace Talks and a signature on the Versailles Treaty. In addition to international prestige, this signaled increased recognition by Britain of Canada’s growing maturity as a nation state.
Wha
tS
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Example response:
First, because of Canada’s war record and significant sacrifices in France and Belgium, P.M. Borden insisted on a separate seat at the Paris Peace Talks and a signature on the Versailles Treaty. In addition to international prestige, this signaled increased recognition by Britain of Canada’s growing maturity as a nation state.
Wha
tS
o-W
hat
Example response:
Canada entered the 1920s as a subordinate Dominion within the British Empire, but just a decade later, she emerged as an equal and independent nation of the Commonwealth, ready for the challenges of a turbulent world.
Clo
ser
Example response:
Canada entered the 1920s as a subordinate Dominion within the British Empire, but just a decade later, she emerged as an equal and independent nation of the Commonwealth, ready for the challenges of a turbulent world.
Clo
ser
Example response:
Canada entered the 1920s as a subordinate Dominion within the British Empire, but just a decade later, she emerged as an equal and independent nation of the Commonwealth, ready for the challenges of a turbulent world.
Clo
ser
Example response:
In the dozen years that followed the fighting of the First World War, a series of national and international events resulted in Britain making Canada an independent country. First, because of Canada’s war record and significant sacrifices in France and Belgium, P.M. Borden insisted on a separate seat at the Paris Peace Talks and a signature on the Versailles Treaty. In addition to international prestige, this signaled increased recognition by Britain of Canada’s growing maturity as a nation state.
Canada entered the 1920s as a subordinate Dominion within the British Empire, but just a decade later, she emerged as an equal and independent nation of the Commonwealth, ready for the challenges of a turbulent world.
To
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Wha
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Companion on-line flash cards and test practice activities via
Quizlet:
http://bit.ly/vxNbW0
end
1. Versailles 2. Chanak 3. Halibut Treaty 4. King-Byng 5. Balfour 6. Statute of Westminster 7. Conclusion
1919
1922
1923
1926
1926
1931
AA
CC
BB
DD
EE
FF7. Conclusion
Versailles
Chanak
Halibut
King-Byng
Balfour
Westminster