ST. AUGUSTINE UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication The role of Community Radio in Promoting Social Development Case Study: Radio SAUT Research Paper on Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Bachelor Degree of Art in Mass Communication Submitted to the Department of Journalism and Mass Communication of SAUT Lekule Immaculate, A
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
ST. AUGUSTINE UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA
Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication
The role of Community Radio in Promoting Social Development
Case Study: Radio SAUT
Research Paper on Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Bachelor Degree of Art in Mass Communication Submitted to the Department of Journalism and
Mass Communication of SAUT
Lekule Immaculate, A
June, 2013
DECLARATION
I, Lekule Immaculate A,. I declare that this research paper is my own original work. It
has not been and will not be presented to any other University for the similar award.
4.6 In the course of determining the type oftype of radio programsradio programs. they
listen most in radio SAUT, Respondents were able to produce the following results in
table:-
Name of the programs Response Percentage Jamii na matukio 12 24%Haki za binadamu 19 38%Ijue afya yako 5 10%Michezo 12 24%Ukimwi na maishass 2 4%Total 50 100%Source: Researcher 2013.
4.6 4.6 What does these Programs influencePrograms influence / persuade you to
do? This was among the questions that appeared in questionnaires and the
finding were as follow.
Most of respondentsThey admitted toadmitted to have been ablebeen able to understand
their righttheir rights, duties andduties and how to take actions whenactions
inferredwhen inferred with thewith the same rightssame rights. One ofOne of the
respondents hadrespondents explained theexplained the way they value the radio
programs given its importance in societyin society. full of injustice.
Have been leaning a lot regarding human right, apartApart from being my course in
class, the programs keeps on updating me the solution tosolution to the challenges
ofchallenges of human righthuman rights protection and promotion in Tanzania” she
saidshe said.
4.7 How4.7 How do they walk the talk?
They were able to know and followand follow up issues of election and otherand other
16
related community and theand the whole word. Such issuesSuch issues are like
environmentlike healthenvironment health, education which havehas great impact oin
the development of any society.
However, they, they had complained on the inconsistency of radio programs in radio
SAUTI which are often affected because of power cut – off. The otherThe other group
saidgroup said of difficultof difficult to walk the talkthe talk because they tend to
veryto busyvery busy all the time hence no time unless the circumstances make it so.
Program Respondent Present
Nyimbo za dini 9 18%
Wanawake na maendeleo 8 16%
Ijue afya yako 11 22%
Mazingira 12 24%
Michezo 10 20%
Vinginevyo 0 0%
Total 50 100%
Source: Researcher 2013.
17
When the audience asked about the programs they listen most 19% said they listen
church songs, 13% listened the program women and development 23% listened know
your health, 25% liked listening Environmental program and 21% listened sports. The
programs lack constant as sometimes they are not aired and they cannot follow or get the
full messages.
When they were asked about the problem they encounter when in listening to the
programs the responses varied as follows; in language was 0%, those who said if
frequency were 60%, programs lacking constant 30%, and Iignorance 6%. and those
who said others were 0%. The inconstancy of Radio programs was a problem. They
commented that programs inconstancy does not bring development as one gets
information half way.
One presenter said that sometimes the problem of the radio is that they don’t have a
standby techniciana standby technician to solve incoming problem during airing the
program. The radio is left with students who have no knowledge on how to solve a
problem in case it happened. So he can end up closing down the radio if the problem is
beyond his rich.
Table: 4.8 Problems in listening to the programs aired by Radio SAUT.listening
problem
Reasons Respondent Percent
Its Language 2 4%
Its frequency 30 60%
Programs lack constant 15 30%
18
Ignorance 3 6%
Others 0 0%
Total 50 100%
Source: Researcher 2013.
4.9 Audience challengesBig problem encountered with the community of Malimbe.
The respond was that the communities around Malimbe are poor and the majorities
depend on one meal per day.
Oneday. One presenter noted that the programs of the radio are not able to meet the needs
of lives of the people. The programs are not researched well as they lack time and funds
to do so. Also there is no team work spirits which make students get discouraged
especially when they need help. The whole system is disorganized and no one wants to be
responsible.
Table: 4.10 the role of Radio SAUT can do what to eliminate the problems of your
community
Response Respondent Percentage
Visits audience 17 34%
To better programs 29 58%
19
Better communication 4 8%2
Total 48 100%
Source: Researcher 2013.
Table 4:10 shows that 34% said they visit the community in order to eliminate the
Malimbe community problems 58% said to better the programs and 8% said to better
communication.
“Programs are not effective as people are not visited and draw materials from their real
lives”. This was the comment from the presenter they copy and pest. Programs should
open the way to participation and people share what exactly they need for their
development.
Table Qualities of a good presenter.
Responds Respondent Percentage
Good articulator 12 24%
Welcoming 5 10%
Friendly 4 8%
Flexible 26 52%
Ethical 3 6%
Total 50 100%
Source: Researcher 2013.
Table 4.11 Shows that 24% said good articulator 10%, said welcoming presenter,
friendly, 8% flexible they responded 52% and eEthically they responded 6%.
A flexible presenter was opting by more respondents with 54.1% and 20.8% for a good
articulator. This shows that flexibility of the presenter helps in adjusting issues.
20
One presenter said one has to move with time if one wants development and not to stick
on one type of a style.
Table 4.12 How does Radiodoes SAUTIRadio SAUTI help / serve the
marginalized.
Responds Respondent Percentage
In communication 8 16%
To bridge them with the government 32 64%
To grow spiritually 6 12%
Entertainment 3 6%
Others 1 2%
None of the above 0 0%
Total 50 100%
Source: Researcher 2013.
Table 4.12 shows that 16% agreed that radio SAUT helped people in communication,
64% said itf linksbridges them with their government, 12% said itf helped them to grow
spiritually, 6% commented that itf gives them entertainment and 2% opt for others.
They\ 64% acknowledged that it bridges then with their government.One respondent
commented that the radio has clearly helped them understand the issue of“if not the radio
then one cannot know what the government want them to do” like Kilimo
KwazaKwanza, Millenium goals for the development of the people.
21
Data collected from the interview.
Managing director (MD).As the responded to the question asked on the priority goals of
development the managing he saideditor said is to reach to the grass root of the audience.
The success of this has not reached its desired goals due to some financial crisisproblems.
This is together with transportation, facilities, and too few employees who can not cover
the area in terms of service. He also said that his strategy is to open the brunches of Radio
SAUT in all SAUT constituent colleges.its areas where Saint Augustine has opened its
brunches; to enhance development.
He said despite country and outside the country with good reporters. This is to fulfill it
mission a vision to educate broadcasters for the country, Africa and the whole world.
He said most radios in Tanzania have a worker from SAUT fm S which is a good
achievement.
He said SAUT FM isFM is as old as the indempendent of the country. So it has served a
lot dispose the challenges it faces, its fruits are recognized.
He said the radio now has got solar system which will enable to reduce the power cuts.
He thanks the benefactors who donated the solar.
Replying to the question to how the programs producers implement those programs the
managing director based his answer on the time allocated for each one of these in data
collection and recorded programs. He mentioned the equipments available to make such
objectives a reality such as, a recording studio, production room, and news collection. All
these according to him could help program producers implement the programs aired by
22
Radio said such as Ijue afya yako, Mazingira, Human Right, Chai Yetu, Morning
pressure and Jamii na matukio.
Responding on whether radio SAUT has a policy concerning the production of the radio
programs he said they only abide by communication policies established by Tanzania
Ccommunication Regulation Authority (TCRA) on the other hand as a Catholic Radio
station they also follow the Catholic teachings on matters of faith and social issues.
In charge of the SAUT Human Rights offices / Centre.
The researcher made interview with the director of human right office at SAUT so as to
discover how Human Right programRights program came about and its objectives and
how it contributes to social development of the ;community nearby.around its challenges
and its future exploration.
He said that the center responded that the aim of the program was established to
purposely to fight against any killings of red eyes old women around the lake zone. for
the rights of the marginalized raised by the killing of osld women with red eyes who were
thought to be witches. This is after seeing that the government was not taking any
responsibility to protect these people.step. So SAUT started the NGO to support this
issue and that is low Human Right program come into existence.
Also the findings show that Its objective. He noted that the objectives of the program the
center are to provide civic education on and promote the respect forawareness
humanabout human rights. toto the center relies on doing conduct human rights
researches and to address matters on violence of human rights challenges and way
forward.research. For example through research, they discovered that
23
He gave statistics produced by THRR (2009) that MMwanza Region is city which is one
the lake Zone is leading in the killings of older women and people learning with albinism
in Tanzania followed by Shinyanga and Tabora. About 60 old women were liked in
Mwanza between January and August 2009.
Within a period of not more than five years 2585 women were killed in the region of
Tanzania main land. This moved the leadership of SAUT to come up with this
organization to raise the voice of the voiles.
He said through the program 60% of Lake Zone are aware of human right and can fight
for it.
Further the findings show that the police in Mwanza perceive SAUT Human Rights
Center as One the challenge he responded that police see them as a threat because of the
through the education they give to the people. anotherAnother challenge is the power
cuat off when human rights programs are on air. of the radio which hinder the airing of
their program after the research and lack of constancy and thus hinder development.
The findings also report that SAUT Human Right Program focuses to offer services all
over lake zone regions because On the future plan of the program he said they won to
make sure that they reach all areas of the lake Zone especially those who are victims of
being thought to be witches and those with albinism to give them civic education this is
Magu, Ukerewe and Bariadi. He instead that “wWithout Human Rights other social
development issues con notcannot take place and without media there is no social
development.
Programs on social development and presenters.
24
This came about through the first specific objective in which the researcher wanted to
identify social Development programs aired by Radio SAUT.
The following are the findings;were found more appealing to the object although all
programs are aimed at bringing about social development.
Distribution of programs and their presenter and time
Name Program
MSHANGAMA Haki za binadamu
JAME LRONGOA Ukimwi na maisha
FORTUNATUS SABINI Pambana na umasikin
MANENO Ijue afya yako
PASCHAL LEONSI Ihjue katiba
GESTON KIWELO Jamii na matukio
Source: Researcher 2013.
1 Haki za binadamu: This program is aired at 20:30am
2 21:00 every Monday. Only once a week
3 Ukimwi na Maisha is aired at 20:30-21-00 a.m every Tuesday and on every
Thursday 20:30-21:00 a.m
25
This is aired twice a week.
4 Pambana na Umasikin is aired 20:30-21:00, which is on every Wednesday for
only half an hour in a week.
5 Ijue katiba is aired 20:00-20:30 on Tuesday. Only once a week.
6 Harakati za Mazingira is aired at 20:30-20:30 am.
7 Ijue afya yako id aired at 20:30 -20: 30 am. Ijue Afya yako is aired at 20:30 -
21:00 Every an every Saturday. for half an hour only.
One of the presenter responded the question asked on how they gather data for the
program that they get from internet café, visits areas like business areas. The targeted
on these programs are youth, parents and the entire society. as they offer education
which fits all ages of reasoning he added.
Answering the question asked on objective the achievements its objectives one of one
presenter said therethat there is a lot of straining in preparing the programs as they
lack support from the concerns of the radio.management. They mentioned of using
their own money to travel to some areas of events and also lacking facilities to carry
out activities such as tapes recorderstape recorders. identify of the radio and cause
some inconvenient to the reporters.
Also the misunderstanding between workers cause others to dodge responsibilities
which ends up leaiving the presenter alone inside the without any helpless such as
technician or a person who can solve the problem in case it arises.
During in depth interview, “Oone presenter said, “One dayday I had to put off the
26
Radio when it caught fire and I did not know what next”. Said one presenter.
Magazines are used to support radio strategies one of the presenters said. They use
Kiongozi and other magazines to support Radio strategies.
27
CHAPTER FIVE
DICUSSIONS ANDDiscussion CONCLUSIONand Conclusion
5.0 Introduction
This chapterThis chapter discusses the findings presented in previous chapter after
discussions, recommendations and conclusions are made.
5.1 Discussion of the findings
Research question 1: How effectiveness of program about development aired by Radio
SAUT?
The study focusedstudy onfocused theon the effectiveness ofeffectiveness of the
programsthe asprograms as far developmentas isdevelopment concernedis
concerned. In such objective the study aspired to discover if the programs take into
consideration criteria for good programming. The study observed whether the
programming fall in line with the needs of people. If there was an audience
research in a practical way allowing Malimbe area audience participation. In
Malimbe areas people and economic interest economic activities such as agriculture
animal husbandly industrial employment in urban areas and fishing activities.
Satisfying the information needs for all these groups in a great challenges for most
of Tanzania development communication practitioners, especially in Radio
broadcasting. In table 2 revealsit was revealed that 67% percent listen to the Radio
and enjoy the listening different programs of the Radio. Referring to the world of
Zukowsky and Belanger (2000) good programs should be designed to meet the
28
taste of the audience for instance, local dram, stories, local news, generating opinion
and giving opportunity for developing local talents.
Youth in Mwanza region face challenges such as unemployment, lack of education,
frustrations that they cannot get out of poverty others; which according to
“Pambana na Umasikini” programs produced might have raised youth’s interest on
the programs to let youth realize their talents and use them in order to eradicate s
poverty.
In chapter four it was revealed that the Radio does not cover the required
frequencies and this making the programs be heard by very few people. Now for a
period of time the radio has been faced with cut off outs electricity making the the
audience looses the track of its programs and shift to other radio media stationss.
Radio SAUTRadio SAUT lacks internallacks policyinternal sopolicy so as to help
inhelp in achieving itsachieving objectivesits objectives. Tthe managing director said
state that as a radio station they abide by the communication policies that are
established by Tanzania Ccommunication Regulatory Authority (TCRA) and as a
catholic radio they adhere to church teachings on the matters of faith and social
issues.
Research question 2: What are people's perceptionpeople’s towardperceptions
radiotoward .radio? SAUT fm development programsdevelopment programs?.
The indigenes of day the programs aired at SAUT fm cannot be applied as they are
not of their standard. Programs are taken from other environment and applied to
them which at the end development at the grass root cannot reachwhich place. The
29
radio is more competing with other radios of Mwanza instead of looking of the
audiences they produce they produce program which are beyond the marginalized
people and thus who’s the mission and vision of the radio.
Also in chapter for the finding revealed that that 20% of respondents favored
provision of consistent program as their needs. The study revealed that some of the
programs provided by SAUT of were not continuous rather they are stopped or
terminated without any prior notification to the audience. People makePeople make a
follow upfollow up and expectedand toexpected to make kindmake ofkind of fun
club ofclub of a program.
It was also evident in chapter four the respondents were foupond to their weds but
also to have presenters with good qualities, welcoming and who can articulate well
words for better communication.
For instance most of the programs use phone calls in to greet friends and relatives
they wanted, a presenter who attends them according to their level of
understanding. A good presentergood presenter, in their opiniontheir isopinion theis
the “one doeswho does not makenot onemake suitone suit that fits all audience” (a
presenter for allfor all). To the position of radio SAUT has a long way to go to
bring this into reality as social development is concerned.
Research question 3: AreTo access the relevance of SAUT FM programsFM
programs relevant to to the societythe society needs.
30
The relevance of radio SAUT FM programs are is not relevance to the audience of
Malimbe areas and Lake Zone people as they are not applicable to them. When we
talk of the marginalized and the programs they are not fit for them. The The
development programsdevelopment areprograms are not wellnot researchedwell
toresearched to respond to fit people’s needs. This isThis is because programsbecause
programs are cookedare incooked in the studiothe studio, and notand drawnnot
fromdrawn from the peoplethe people themselves.
No participationthemselves No ofparticipation of the audiencethe audience in thein
programsthe programs.
Sometimes There is a danger also presenters would may prepare the program
according toaccording to his/her feeling andfeelings and not thenot feelingthe
offeelings theof the people. he is serving. This cannot bringcannot bring changes
inchanges in terms of social developmentsocial development of the to people as the
programs have no effects on them. They talk things over there and not of their
community.
Radio SAUT should ensure that mission, vision and policy that guide radio station
operations are clear to the whole body of personnel so that programs preparations
based on the sensibility reflect such reality. It was learned that the programming
should look like basing base on their on basic journalistic skills but there was no
guiding principle leading to the at choice of format and content of their
programming.
5.2.Areas. Areas of furtherof studyfurther study.
31
The research concentrated on evaluation of programming on radio SAUT in the
context of information needs of the audiences it serves so as to establish the
reasons why the programming was not effective in Lake Zone especially area in
terms of behavior change, knowledge increase and change of attitudes. With regard
the above investigation, further researches can be done in the future to include also
other radio stations which operate in Mwanza region and Tanzania as a whole so
that a synergy of programming that could help answer audiences needs especially
in rural areas.
5.3 Conclusions
This research studied the role of media in promoting social development in Tanzania.
Media as a source of information have a large room to promote people’s social
development of the people. This can be done bydone by it airing productive
educationalproductive programmeseducational programmes which can promote the
social development of the society. From the study findings shows that mediathat media
personnel were found to have little commitment in their responsibilities, lack of team
work andwork and also there was little or no research conducted to know which relevant
programs to prepare and air which in one way another could help in social development
of the people. . SAUT as a community radio should involve the community in
programming so as to enhance social development from grass root.
5.4 Recommendations
Besides all the strengths and weakness the radio SAUT faces, (1996) gives some
tips which can be employed by radio station when preparing its programming.
32
1. To restructure programs to suitesuit the needs of community members.
2. Establishing team-work in radio SAUT
3. Removal of any and weaknesses like;all negatives like excessive talkexcessive talk,