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Presented By Aptech Training Solutions
Faculty : Naveen Mishra
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SQL Views
SQL CREATE VIEW Statement
In SQL, a view is a virtual table based on the
result-set of an SQL statement.
A view contains rows and columns, just like areal table. The fields in a view are fields from
one or more real tables in the database.
You can add SQL functions, WHERE, and JOINstatements to a view and present the data as
if the data were coming from one single table.
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SQL CREATE VIEW Syntax
CREATE VIEW view_name ASSELECT column_name(s)FROM table_nameWHERE condition
CREATE VIEW [Current Product List] AS
SELECT ProductID,ProductNameFROM ProductsWHERE Discontinued=No
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We can query the view above as follows:
SELECT * FROM [Current Product List]
Another view in the Northwind sample databaseselects every product in the "Products" table
with a unit price higher than the average unit
price:
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CREATE VIEW [Products Above Average Price] AS
SELECT ProductName,UnitPrice
FROM Products
WHERE UnitPrice>(SELECT AVG(UnitPrice)
FROM Products)
SELECT * FROM [Products Above Average Price]
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SQL Dropping a View
You can delete a view with the DROP VIEW
command.
SQL DROP VIEW SyntaxDROP VIEW view_name
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SQL ALTER TABLE Statement
The ALTER TABLE Statement
The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add,
delete, or modify columns in an existing table.SQL ALTER TABLE Syntax
To add a column in a table, use the following
syntax:ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype
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To delete a column in a table, use the
following syntax (notice that some database
systems don't allow deleting a column):
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name
To change the data type of a column in a
table, use the following syntax:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ALTER COLUMN column_name datatype
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Now we want to add a column named
"DateOfBirth" in the "Persons" table.We use the following SQL statement:
ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD DateOfBirth datetime
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SQL CREATE INDEX Statement
The CREATE INDEX statement is used to create
indexes in tables.
Indexes allow the database application to finddata fast; without reading the whole table.
An index can be created in a table to find data
more quickly and efficiently.
The users cannot see the indexes, they are just
used to speed up searches/queries.
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SQL CREATE INDEX Syntax
Creates an index on a table. Duplicate values
are allowed:
CREATE INDEX index_nameON table_name (column_name)
SQL CREATE UNIQUE INDEX Syntax
Creates a unique index on a table. Duplicatevalues are not allowed:
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CREATING UNIQUE INDEX
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
If you want to create an index on a
combination of columns, you can list thecolumn names within the parentheses,
separated by commas:
CREATE INDEX PIndexON Persons (LastName, FirstName)
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Drop Index /Table
The DROP INDEX Statement
The DROP INDEX statement is used to delete an
index in a table.DROP INDEX table_name.index_name
The DROP TABLE Statement
The DROP TABLE statement is used to delete atable.
DROP TABLE table_name
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DROP DATABASE
The DROP DATABASE Statement
The DROP DATABASE statement is used to
delete a database.DROP DATABASE database_name
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TRUNCATE TABLE
The TRUNCATE TABLE Statement
What if we only want to delete the data inside
the table, and not the table itself? Then, use the TRUNCATE TABLE statement:
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
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Creating Login
To create a SQL Server
login that uses SQL
Server Authentication
(SQL ServerManagement Studio)
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In SQL Server Management Studio, open ObjectExplorer and expand the folder of the server instance
in which to create the new login. Right-click the Security folder, point to New, and then
click Login.
On the General page, enter a name for the new login inthe Login name box.
Select SQL Server Authentication. WindowsAuthentication is the more secure option.
Enter a password for the login.
Select the password policy options that should be
applied to the new login. In general, enforcingpassword policy is the more secure option.
Click OK.
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There are steps how to GENERATE SQL SCRIPT in
SQL server 2000 Right click on the temporary
data and pointing all tasks
Select Generate SQL Script, in the dialogue boxclick show all.
under script all objects, check the box of all tables
Click options, under table scripting options, check
the box of Script indexes, and Script primary keys,
FOREGIN keys, defaults, and check constraints.
Generating SQL Scripts
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Generating SQL Scripts
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Back up a database
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Back up a database
After connecting to the appropriate instance of the Microsoft SQLServer Database Engine, in Object Explorer, click the server name toexpand the server tree.
Expand Databases, and depending on the database, either select auser database or expand System Databasesand select a system
database. Right-click the database, point to Tasks, and then click Back Up.
The Back Up Database dialog box appears.
In the Database list box, verify the database name. You canoptionally select a different database from the list.
You can perform a database backup for any recovery model(FULL, BULK_LOGGED, or SIMPLE).
In the Backup type list box, select Full.
Note that after creating a full database backup, you can create adifferential database backup; for more information
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Back up a database
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Restore Database
Right-click the database, point to Tasks, and
then click Restore.
ClickD
atabase, which opens the RestoreDatabase dialog box.
On the General page, the name of the
restoring database appears in the To
database list box. To create a new database,
enter its name in the list box.
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Restore Database
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Restore Database
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Output an SQL Query to a text file
EXEC master.dbo.sp_configure 'show advanced
options', 1
RECONFIGURE
EXEC master.dbo.sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',
1
RECONFIGURE
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EXEC master..xp_cmdshell'bcp "SELECT TOP 5
CUSTOMERID FROM
Northwind.dbo.Customers" queryout
"C:\Users\Naval\Desktop\SQL
Assignments\text.txt" -c -T -x'
It will generate the output in destination
folder as text.txt
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Output an SQL Query to any file
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Ctrl + Shift + f Output to File
Ctrl +d -> Output to SQL Grid
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Formatted Output