Space Syntax_Local Spatial Planning

8/4/2019 Space Syntax_Local Spatial Planning

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AS ndn u itt r tr te ie

R ult f t ind e d t x mi ation yt Pl ni g I ctor t ( tob 2 0 ).

BSpace Syntax spatial accessibility mapWindsor and Maidenhead.

It is widely acknowledgedthat a better approach isneeded to the preparationof LDF documents.Over a quarter of allCore Strategies have

either been withdrawn orjudged unsound by thePlanning Inspectorate.

The UrbanValueapproach developed bySpace Syntax plugs thegaps in knowledge andengagement that thePlanning Inspectoratehas highlighted.

How do we meet your needs?

With the help of our unique and powerful

UrbanValue toolkit for Local Spatial

Planning, we will coach you on how

to understand the essential spatial

characteristics of your area the factors

that make it truly unique and help you

to make an informed, convincing,

and effective response to these

characteristics in your Local DevelopmentFramework.

The UrbanValue toolkit focuses on the

fundamental way that spatial layouts

influence social, economic and

environmental outcomes. UrbanValue

helps create planning documents that truly

account for the likely impact of spatial

planning policy on issues including land

values, rental incomes, retail performance,

pedestrian and cyclist movement,

social performance and crime patterns.

These outcomes represent direct andindirect returns on public and private

investment.

What is your challenge?

Local Planning Authorities are facing

substantial challenges in the Local

Development Framework process:

risk of failing to meet the regulatory

requirements and aspirations set out

in PPS 12 and not passing the Planning

Inspectorates test of soundness

risk of failing to raise spatial planning

to a corporate level and not making the

case for the benefits of spatial planning

in helping to deliver the Sustainable

Community Strategys aspirations

e.g. healthy, safe and prosperous

communities

risk of failing to effectively deliver

results to communities: producing

planning documents that are not fit for

purpose, cannot easily be monitored

and cannot be understood and appliedby Development Management and

Development Control officers.

A

unsound

withdrawn

sound

under examination

Local Spatial PlanningA new, evidence-based approach

18%

14%

10%58%

WindsorWindsor

EghamEgham

BracknellBracknell

WokinghamWokingham

SloughSloughMaidenheadMaidenhead


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Town Centre Spatial StrategyA robust spatial evidence basefor the Core Strategy of the London

Borough of Tower Hamlets.DSpatial typologiesA visualisation of the spatial

characteristics of different types of towncentres in the London Borough of TowerHamlets.

C

Space Syntax 2010

Local Spatial Planning A new, evidence-based approach

D

What are the features?

UrbanValue is based on a unique,

evidence-based methodology developed

during more than twenty years of empirical

research.

The methodology quickly generates

real-time information on the spatialcharacteristics of the district and its

constituent parts.

UrbanValue works at both a strategic and

detailed level for Core Strategies, Area

Action Plans, Supplementary Planning

Documents, masterplans and design/

development briefs that make up an LDF.

The toolkit delivers visual information

that is easy to understand.

The methodology provides objectiveevaluations and rankings of alternative

options and their likely outcomes, even in

the early planning stages.

What will we deliver?

We provide coaching in understanding

and harnessing the effects of spatial

layout, delivered through workshops and

team meetings. Our clients find value in

Space Syntax acting as a critical friend,

providing feedback on spatial policy drafts.

We create reporting material

comprising analysis, conclusions and

recommendations, in a colourful, easily

understandable graphic format, including

numerous maps and diagrams.

We make presentations to stakeholder

groups at consultations and other key

events. We build bridges between

different interest groups within and

outside the Council by showing in

collaborative workshops how people can

unite around the issue of space.

What are the benefits?

Using the UrbanValue toolkit, Space

Syntax provides Local Authorities with an

effective framework for Local Spatial

Planning.

Local Spatial Planning is a requirement

for Local Planning Authorities who mustproduce planning documents that meet

the Planning Inspectorates tests of

soundness and the guidance set out in

PPS 12.

With Space Syntax support, Local

Planning Authorities have the ability to

verify and support their decisions

in consultations and negotiations with

stakeholders, especially community groups

and developers.

UrbanValue gives Local Authority staff,executives, and councillors confidence

that their strategies are achievable and

worth achieving.

An evidence-based toolkitUrbanValue is the product of over20 years research and practice in thefield of spatial planning.

We realised Space Syntax were light years ahead ofeverybody else. This scheme will last for 200 years.We need the best and the best is what weve got.Councillor John Jowers, Colchester Borough Council


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Spatial AnalysisA spatial accessibility model ofOxford West End used to test

different alignments of OxpensRoad.

FSpatial Vision

A spatial vision diagram forCroydon highlighting keyrecommendations to increasethe vitality and viability of theMetropolitan Centre.

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Tried and tested throughout the UKUrbanValue delivers successful policyoutcomes, creating culture shifts inlocal planning systems.

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What does it cost?

The UrbanValue toolkit is flexible to apply,

so we can address your needs while

working to your budget. Prices are driven

by the number of analytical components

required and by certain features of the

district such as size, population, number of

town centres.

In terms of reporting material, we can

deliver a full report, or for significant

savings in price an information

pack comprising graphic material and

explanatory text. We work to industry-

standard file formats so that our work is

ready for inclusion in your own or another

consultants report.

Example costs, for illustration purposes

only:

A Spatial Baseline Analysis for a small

Local Authority, delivered as an information

pack, would cost in the range of 10K-

12K.

A town centre study for a medium-sized

authority, comprising a Spatial Baseline

Analysis; a partial Urban Character

Analysis; Thematic Spatial Analyses for

employment, retail, social services, and

transport infrastructure; and an Alternate

Strategies Assessment, delivered in an

information pack, would cost in the range

of 40K- 50K.

A combined town centre and public health

study for a large authority, comprising all of

the above and Thematic Spatial Analyses

for health services, green space,

and leisure and recreation facilities,

delivered as a full report, would cost in the

range of 100K- 125K.

Why Space Syntax?

Space Syntax provides a unique,

evidence-based and industry-leading

approach to the planning and design of

buildings and urban areas. Combining

technology, ability and extensive global

experience, we target the social and

economic value that good planning anddesign bring.

We show how value can be created

through the analysis, understanding and

skilful manipulation of space. We are

expert, independent and widely respected

for the support we provide to public, private

and community-based decision makers.

Our work has been labelled innovative by

the Planning Inspectorate and we have

been selected for the Spatial Planning

Framework by the Planning AdvisoryService (PAS).

The UrbanValue toolkit has been

developed as part of a Government-

funded knowledge exchange program

UrbanBuzz: Building Sustainable

Communities in the South East, in

partnership with over 20 public, private,

higher education and voluntary sector

organisations, including The Home Office,

CABE, SEEDA, EEDA, UEL, UCL, GLA

Economics, Savills Research, Colin

Buchanan and JMP.

Well-informed decisionsin place-making areessential for buildingsustainable communitiesand as such the impactof Space Syntax issignificant.Dr Carol Dair, DirectorOxford Institute ofSustainable Development


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Town Centre VisionUsing spatial accessibility techniques to identifycommercial growth potentials in Bethnal Green.

Our contribution

Our Spatial Baseline provided a detailedanalysis of the interaction of three keydrivers of town centre success: spatialaccessibility, urban design and land use.The analysis uncovered:

a strong correlation between spatialaccessibility, residential density and thelevel of expenditure in different town

centres

a lack of connectivity between somelocal centres and their surroundings

the direct impact of urban form on thecharacter, land use and ultimate viabilityof the town centres.

On the basis of this evidence, weled an exercise to develop a SpatialVision for the key town centres. Theexercise involved an extended group ofstakeholders to ensure that the TownCentre Spatial Strategy was realistic,deliverable, and closely aligned with theemerging Core Strategy.

The challenge

Tower Hamlets appointed Space Syntaxto help develop a Town Centre SpatialStrategy. Although the boroughs towncentres have benefited from the growthof London in the last fifteen years, theycurrently face significant challenges:

The City Fringe area has come undersignificant pressure from the City, which

has placed further pressure on theexisting urban form and the residentialcommunities in the area. The demandsof different stakeholders need to bereconciled.

The growth of Canary Wharf hascontributed significantly to the economicand social transformation of the boroughover the past decade. Success of thisdistrict must continue to contribute to thewell-being of local people.

Smaller town centres in the boroughprovide key local services to deprivedneighbourhoods. These centresmust also be developed so they canshare responsibility for delivering theaspirations set out in the CommunityPlan.

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Town Centre Spatial StrategyTower Hamlets

Case study 1

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ClientLondon Borough of Tower Hamlets

PartnersRenaisi, Roger Tym & Partners

Duration2008-09

Key features of this projectSpatial BaselineSpatial Vision

Stakeholder Consultation

Space Syntax 2010



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Designated town centresAnalysis of the walkable urban context from eachtown centre, with under-served areas in black.

Planning Policy now has confidence thatthe Town Centre Spatial Strategy will standup to scrutiny at inspection.

Development Control has a set ofclearly articulated policy documents andsupporting evidence to inform their work inthe planning application process.

Service providers (health, police,libraries) can plan to deliver serviceswhere they will be more accessible toresidents and, in so doing, achieve betteroutcomes.

Working with Space Syntax, TowerHamlets has created a new, morespatial approach to Local DevelopmentFrameworks that has been identified asbest practice by CABE, English Heritage,Urban Design London and the GovernmentOffice for London (GOL).

The benefits

The Spatial Baseline showed, in aneasily understandable way, how complexissues such as movement patterns, retailsuccess, and anti-social behavior issuesthat are normally treated separately interrelate through the medium of space.

In so doing, it unlocked a new, holisticway of thinking in the borough, enabling

planners to:

comprehend how the borough worksas a whole and how its component partsinterrelate

understand the effects of recentchanges and confidently forecast thelikely impact of future proposals

iteratively test alternative visions forindividual town centres and assess theirpotential outcomes.

Through close workingwith Space Syntax wevedeveloped the ability tolocate services wherepeople that need them canmore easily get to them.In helping us to think trulyspatially, Space Syntax hasinitiated a culture change atTower Hamlets.Neil Double,Development Plan Team

Leader, London Boroughof Tower Hamlets

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CLocal spatial accessibility analysisShowing opportunities for viable and vital towncentres throughout the borough.

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UrbanValuetoolkitEvidence, analysis & strategic design components

Space Syntax 2010


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Urban grain/block size Metric catchment

Visual analysis Building frontage

Space-form/function relationships

Understanding the vitality of town centres

Explaining movement and space use

Profiling the performance of urban places

Identifying spatial infl

uences on crime patterns

Movement flow

Pedestrian behaviourLand use and land value

Anti-social behaviour

Urban functioning


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Components

The UrbanValue toolkit is component-

based, allowing applications to be

built around the particular needs and

budgets of commissioning bodies.

Spatial baseline analysis

Spatial Accessibility

Urban characterisation

Land Use

Pedestrian Activity

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Public realm character

Thematic spatial analysis

Access to Employment

Access to Retail

Access to Social Services

Access to Health Services

Access to Education

Access to Green Space

Access to Leisure and Recreation Facilities

Access to Transport Infrastructure

Vision development & evaluation

Strategic planning & design visioning

Public realm design strategy

Impact on spatial accessibility

Impact on access to amenities

Impact on urban performance

Impact on urban characterisation

Impact on access to amenities

7

Evidence-based planning & design

Colchester, Masterplan

Nottingham, Old Market Square

London, Elephant & Castle Southern Junction

London, Trafalgar Square


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Af d

Th S ati l i i n r p ed f xford e t n ..

BOxpens RoadDue to its lack of active landuse and poor

pedestrian environment, the existing conditionof Oxpen Road is a hostile environment forpedestrians to walk along.

C

St. GilesSt.Giles is an exampler in achieving a balancebetween vehicluar and pedestrian movement.

A

Area Action PlanOxford West End

ClientOxfordshire County Council

Duration2006

Key features of this projectUrban Baseline StudyQualitative Baseline AssessmentSpatial Vision

The Council had doubts about theviability of the expensive preferredoption involving the rerouting of a majorroad but no evidence to back up itsconcerns.

We were asked to pay particular attentionto issues of public realm, public spaceand open space issues, and to suggest

measures for promoting walking andcycling.

The challenge

Oxfordshire County Council appointedSpace Syntax to evaluate the spatialimpacts of the preferred option of the AreaAction Plan (AAP) for Oxfords West End.

The County Council along with the CityCouncil and Cherwell Valley College hadhigh aspirations for the area, which hadbeen undergoing regeneration through

heritage-led development. Unfortunately,the process was suffering from conflictingstakeholder interest; the area wasalso burdened by severance related toretail servicing and access to major carparks and a range of other infrastructuralproblems.

AR i d pr o al

Di ram sum ri in th lin ag n t or id ntifi th s ti l cessibility n lysis.

BOxpens Road

Currently a hostile pedestrian and cyclingenvironment but, by virtue of its alignment,a potentially significant movement route.

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St GilesAchieving a balance between different modes andscales of movement.

Space Syntax 2010


Case study 2


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DS tial ces ibilit - initi l A p o salAn lysis o hei itii l AP pr s l hii hli htin

k c ssi iliity n ens o d.

ESpatial accessibility - Space Syntax alternativeKeeping the existing alignment of Oxpens Roadcreates higher levels of overall accessibility, which

are more likely to promote walking and cyclingjourneys.

D

t i

Our contribution

Our analysis showed that the proposedoption would not deliver the expectedoutcome and that the area would be betterserved by a series of more cost-effectiveinterventions, including:

soft layout improvements and a lessintrusive approach to landscape design

a new public space in a strategiclocation

a scheme for creating campus-stylebuildings for the College that wouldintegrate with the rest of the citycentre

increased access to natural amenities.

The benefits

Space Syntax led an iterative processof concept evolution and negotiationthrough workshops for stakeholders anddesigners. These workshops served as acatalyst for the group to work togethermore effectively, to recognise the value animproved spatial layout would bring, and tobring the late-running process back ontrack and conclude it within the deadline

set by the Local Development Scheme.

The AAP was formally adopted andjudged to be sound by the PlanningInspectorate on 30th June 2008. Thework of Space Syntax was referenced asevidence contributing to an innovativedesign code.

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B

ASpatial vision diagramHighlighting the key recommendations to increasethe vitality of the metro centre.

B and CPublic realm characterThe current separation between pedestrian and

vehicular movement reduces the potential of themetropolitan centre.

A

Area Action PlanCroydon Metropolitan Centre

Our contribution

Our Urban Baseline Study and rigourousSpatial Option Assessment formed theevidence for a Spatial Vision that focusedon:

increasingpedestrian movement

within the Metropolitan Centre by

reducing severance caused by large

urban blocks

increasingmovement to the

Metropolitan Centre by strengthening

the connectivity of the centre with its

surrounding areas

supportingorbital movement from

neighbouring boroughs to increase the

client base for the retail centre.

The challenge

The London Borough of Croydonappointed Space Syntax to develop aspatial baseline study and options impactassessment as an evidence base for theevolving Croydon Metropolitan CentreArea Action Plan (AAP).

At the time, the Metropolitan Centre wasset to experience considerable challenges

in the near and mid-term future. It hadbeen identified in the London Plan as anOpportunity Area for employment andhousing. It had also been chosen as thepreferred location for new retail facilitiesserving a wide area in South London.

However, viable locations for this growthwere not immediately clear, and theexisting retail environment was poor anddisconnected from its surroundings.

ClientLondon Borough of Croydon

Duration2006 - 2007

Key features of this projectSpatial Planning Assessment FrameworkUrban Baseline StudyUrban Characterisation StudySpatial Option AssessmentSpatial Vision

Space Syntax 2010


Case study 3


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DS tial ces ibilit a l si - xi tiHig lighti g le r priim r n tw rk ut el ti ely

k se ndar s ru ur .

ES tial ces ibilit a l si - ro o eShowing significant improvements to the secondary

network - promoting pedestrian and cycleaccessibility and enhancing the spatial performanceof the centre.

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The benefits

Space Syntaxs work provided the Councilwith a robust evidence base for the AAP.Our evidence:

identified keypedestrian routes, routehierarchies, severance and missinglinks in the area

complemented the Councils anecdotal

knowledge by providingfacts andexpert opinion

uncovered latent problems, such as theunderprovision of local centres in certainareas of the Borough

clearly demonstrated theinterrelationship between spatialaccessibility and land use, and the keyrole of Local Spatial Planning in aligningthe two.

The evidence base has given the Councilconfidence that the Area Action Plan willpass the test of soundness.

The overall spatial approach was also used

in Croydons evolving Core Strategy.

A Space Syntax consultant was seconded

to the planning department over three

months for the crucial task of linking

movement networks and land use.

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Space Syntax hashelped us to understandand leverage the criticallink between movementnetworks and land use.Tom SweeneyUrban Design Team

London Borough ofCroydon


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Space has a real and realisable value.

To find out how Space Syntax can

help you with Local Spatial Planning,

please contact:

Tim Stonor MRTPI

[email protected]

Christian Schwander

[email protected]

T +44 (0) 20 7400 1320

www.spacesyntax.com

We realised Space Syntax were lightyears ahead of everybody else. Thisscheme will last for 200 years. Weneeded the best and the best is whatweve got. Councillor John Jowers,Colchester Borough Council

.......................................................................

Lin Garland, Hampshire County Council

In helping us to think trulyspatially, Space Syntax hasinitiated a culture change atTower Hamlets.Neil Double, DevelopmentPlan Team LeaderLondon Borough of Tower

Hamlets

create space : create value