Space Exploration

BY: JAYDEN & SAM

SPACE EXPLORATION

SATELLITES• Satellites are anything that are put in orbit by

humans• There are many types of satellites.• Some satellites have different types of orbits than

other satellites.

SATELLITES (CONT.)

History• Konstantin Tsiolkovsky published Means of

Reaction Devices, which is the first book written on the use of rockets to launch a spacecraft in 1903. • He said that a multi-stage rocket fueled by liquid

hydrogen and liquid oxygen will help complete this task.• The first satellite was the Sputnik I which

identified the density of the atmospheric layers.

SATELLITES (CONT.)

Types Of Satellites and What They Do• Communication Satellites:

- satellites used for telecommunications. - they are usually in geosynchronous orbits, so that the satellite dishes can aim at the satellites.

Types Of Satellites and What They Do (cont.)

• Reconnaissance Satellites: - observe the earth and are only permitted for military and intelligence use. - Very little is known about them.

SATELLITES (CONT.)

Types Of Satellites and What They Do (cont.)• Earth Observation Satellites:

- used to observe the Earth.• Weather Satellites:

- used to predict weather and the climate.

Weather Satellite

SATELLITES (CONT.)

ENVISAT the biggest Earth Observation Satellite in Space

Types Of Satellites and What They Do (cont.)• Astronomical Satellites

- satellites used for space observation.• Navigational Satellites:

- tell mobile receivers on the ground and the person using it their exact location.

An Astronomical Satellite Navigational Satellite

SATELLITES (CONT.)

SATELLITE (CONT.)

Types of Orbits• Altitude Classification

- Low Earth Orbit: orbit at of 0-2000 km high. - Medium Earth Orbit: orbit at 2000-35,786 km high. - High Earth Orbit: orbit at 35,786 km or higher.

SATELLITES (CONT.) Types of Orbits (cont.)

• Eccentricity Classification - Circular Orbit: an orbit that traces a circle. - Elliptic Orbit: an orbit that traces an ellipse (oval).

Circular Orbits An Elliptic Orbit

SATELLITES (CONT.)

Types of Orbits (cont.)• Synchronous Classification - Synchronous Orbit: an orbit in which the satellite has an orbital period equal to their rotational period. - Semi-Synchronous Orbit: an orbit in which a satellite has an orbital period equal to half of the rotational period. - Geosynchronous Orbit: an orbit in which the satellite orbits at the speed of Earth’s rotation.

TELESCOPES • A telescope is anything that helps a person see

distant object whether they’re in Space or on Earth.• There are two types of telescope categories:

Earth Based & Space Based• Earth Based are split into two: Optical (refracting

& reflecting) & Non-Optical.

TELESCOPES (CONT.) Optical Telescopes (refracting)……• Use lens to gather and focus light making a

magnified view.• Contain convex lens.

TELESCOPES (CONT.)

Optical Telescopes (reflecting) • Use a series of concave lens to collect light• Have a bigger & brighter view.• The largest ones are the twin Keck telescopes.

TELESCOPES (CONT.)

Non-Optical……• are made to view x-rays, gamma rays and radio

waves which are not visible to humans.• Should be sent into space except for radio

telescopes.

TELESCOPES (CONT.)

Radio Telescopes……• Are non-optical telescopes• Look like normal TV dishes.• capture radio waves from distant celestial objects &

form an image.

TELESCOPE (CONT.)

Radio Telescopes…… (cont.)

• They’re located in remote areas where they can avoid electromagnetic interference from TVs, radios and etc.

TELESCOPES (CONT.)

Hubble Space Telescope (HST)……• Is a 2.4 Aperture telescope in Low Earth Orbit.• Has been in service for 22 years. • Captures pictures of distant galaxies & stars with almost no

background light. • Observes in near infrared, near ultraviolet and visible. • Was Launched on April 24, 1990.

TELESCOPES (CONT.)

Hubble Space Telescope (HST)…… (cont.)

• is heavy in shear mass weighing at a whopping 24,500 lb. and is 13.2 m long.

RESOURCES• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite• Library.thinkquest.org• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telescope• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_telescope• Abyss.uoregon.edu• Jaxa.jp• Thecandianencyclopedia.com• Switched.com• Defense-update.com• News.discovery.com• Yusufbozkurt.blogspot.com• Spacetoday.org• BC Science 9 Textbook• www.skyfire.hubpages.com/hub/Optical-Telescope• propaganda-dimitrios.blogspot.com