CONSONANTS DIGRAPHS /b/ /d/ */f/ /g/ */h/ /j/ */k/ /l/ /m/ /n/ */p/ /r/ */s/ */t/ /v/ /w/ /y/ /z/ b ball d dog f fan g gate h hat j jam k kite l lips m mug n nut p pig r rat s sun t tap v van w web y yo-yo z zebra bb rabbit dd add ff puff gg egg g giraffe c cat ll spell mm summer nn funny pp happy rr carrot ss mess tt letter ve give wh why zz buzz se cheese ph photo ck duck c cents f of u queen s his q queen ze sneeze /zh/ s treasure */th/ th thumb /th/ th feather */sh/ sh shark s sure */ch/ ch cheese tch watch /ng/ ng ring n think Consonant Sounds TRICKY LETTERS c x q cat = /k/at or city = /s/ity box = bo/k/s/ q ueen = /k/w/een c is used to write down the /k/ sound as in cat or the /s/ sound as in city. C writes down the /k/ sound before the vowels a, o, and u. C writes down the /s/ sound before i, e and y (when y represents a vowel sound). x is used to write down the /k/s/ sounds as in box or the /g/z/ sounds as in exam. It can also be used to write down the /z/ sound as in xylophone. The /k/s/ sounds can also be written down using the letters cks as in socks. These three consonants are considered to be ‘tricky’ letters because they are used to write down sounds that are already represented by other letters. * These soft sounds are voiceless We use our lips, teeth and tongue to control air flow and produce a unique speech sound each time we make a consonant sound. Sounds can be made with the voice on or off. q is frequently followed by the letter u and together these letters write down the /k/w/ sounds as in queen or the /k/ sound as in quiche. Q on its own can also write down the /k/ sound as in Iraq. U on its own can write down the /w/ sound as in penguin and persuade.