Some Examples of Research Results and Activities Related to Forest Fires in Indonesia

Some Examples of Research Results and Activities Related

to Forest Fires in Indonesia

Agus Hidayat(National Institute of Aeronautics and Space

Republic of Indonesia)

BACKGROUND

• In Indonesia forest fire seems to be a regular phenomenon that could happen every year

• The 1997 fire episode was the most serious forest fires in the last 15 years.

• Official government figures put the 1997 forest fires in Indonesia at 263,991.21 hectares and land fires at 119,878 hectares.

• Comparison : In 1982-1983, an estimated 3.5 million hectares of forest in East Kalimantan were damage by drought and subsequent fires.

Reasearch & Activities:

• Forest Fire Prevention : drought monitoring using Vegetation Index, Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS)

• Forest Fire Detection and Monitoring : Hot Spots Detection and Monitoring (using low resolution satellite data), fire detection and monitoring using high resulution data.

Calculating Vegetation Index

• Collect daily NOAA-AVHRR data (Channel 1 and 2);

• Perform radiometric correction;• Perform geometric correction;• Calculate NDVI = (Ch2-Ch1) / (Ch1+Ch2);• Perform data classification;• Data analysis.

Project Goal

Definitions

Indonesia FDRS Structure: FWI System FBP System Strategic Plan

Fire Climate Assessment: Goal Weather Database Interpolation Map Production

Fuel Characterization: Fuel type classes Data Fuel model calibration: Fuel Moisture Study Ignition Study

Smoke Emission andDispersion Study

Examples

Structure of the Indonesia Fire Danger Rating System

Fire Weather

Fire Behaviour

Fire Emissions

Guides and Systemsdeveloped by Fire

Management Research

Fire ManagementResources Values at Risk

Fire ManagementDecisions

Weather Topography Fuels Emissions FactorsProject Goal

Definitions

Indonesia FDRS Structure: FWI System FBP System Strategic Plan

Fire Climate Assessment: Goal Weather Database Interpolation Map Production

Fuel Characterization: Fuel type classes Data Fuel model calibration: Fuel Moisture Study Ignition Study

Smoke Emission andDispersion Study

Examples

HOT SPOTS DETECTION• Collect NOAA-AVHRR Data, Channel 3 and 4;• Perform data calibration by calculating Gain and Intercept;• Calculate the radiance of each pixel for channel 3 and 4

data;• Convert the radiance values into brightness temperature;• Tb3-Tb4 > 20o Hot Spots/Fires Spots (based on LAPAN

ground check experience);• Perform geometric correction;• Display hotspots and their coordinates.

Hot Spots Statistics in SumatraApril 1997 - March 1998 April 1998 - March 1999

April 1999 - March 2000 April 2000 - March 2001

Hot Spots Statistics in KalimantanApril 1997 - March 1998 April 1998 - March 1999

April 1999 - March 2000 April 2000 - March 2001

Forest Fire Detection and Monitoring Using Landsat TM : East Kalimantan

16 DEC 97 17 JAN 98

02 FEB 9806 MAR 98

Landsat 5 Image: Burning Area in Central Kalimantan (1997) Landsat 5 Image: Burning Area in Central Kalimantan (1997)

FIRE HAZARD MAPPING

• Fire hazard mapping could be performed through the

establishment of GIS Database

ESTABLISHMENT OF GIS DATABASE

Thematic Layer Scale Features can be shown Possible Sources ofMapping

Elevation 1 : 250,000 Contour lines with interval 100meter, spot heights

Topographic map

Hydrology 1 : 250,000 River, stream, lake, reservoir,canal

Topographic map,Satellite image

Geology 1 : 250,000 Rock types Existing Geology map,Satellite image

Settlements 1 : 250,000 Location-hamlet, villages, cities/town, administrative boundary,provincial, district, sub-district

Existing administrativemaps, Topographicmap, Satellite image

Land Use 1 : 250,000 Type of forest, plantations,cropland, barren land, grassland,shrubland, wetland, waterbodies,etc.

Existing land use map,Satellite image

Infrastructure 1 : 250,000 Roads, railways, utility line(power supply, telephone, pipe,etc)

Topographic map,existing road, railway,telecommunicationmaps, power supply,and satellite image.