Solar Power Satellites A RADICAL SOLUTION TO THE ENERGY CRISIS RV College of Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Presented by: R Jayanth
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Solar Power Satellites
A RADICAL SOLUTION TO THE ENERGY CRISIS
RV College of EngineeringDepartment of Electronics and
Communication
Presented by: R Jayanth
Objective• The world’s non-renewable energy resources are being
consumed at an ever increasing rate.• The population expansion has worsened the situation.• Expected year of exhaustion of non-renewable resources:• Uranium: 2042• Oil: 2046• Gas: 2049• Coal: 2056• Solar Power Satellites are a radical new solution to this
problem.• They are a means of tapping into the almost infinite
energy reserves of the sun in a more efficient way than can be done on earth.
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Methodology• Phase-I
• Introduction to Space Based Solar Power Systems (SBSP).• Need for SBSP.• Thermodynamic Cycles for Solar Power generation (Brayton Cycle).• Reception of Solar Power on Earth by means of Rectifying
Antennae.• Calculation of Efficiency of Rectification.• MATLAB graphs of Wireless Power Transfer circuits.
• Phase-II• Brief history of Solar Power Satellite (SPS) Technology.• Various SPS models proposed.• Mechanism of transmission of power through microwaves.• Ericsson and Rankine Cycles as alternatives to Brayton Cycle for
power generation.• Present and upcoming initiatives in SBSP technology.
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Introduction• Space-based solar power (SBSP) is the concept of
collecting solar power in space (using an "SPS", that is, a "solar-power satellite" or a "satellite power system") for use on Earth.• SBSP differs from existing solar power technologies because
the means of collecting the power is in an orbiting satellite, and not the Earth.• The collecting satellite would convert solar energy into
electrical energy on board, powering a microwave transmitter or laser emitter, and focus its beam toward a collector (rectenna) on Earth's surface.• Why SBSP?• 55–60% of the Solar Energy is lost in the atmosphere on the way to
the earth’s surface due to the effects of reflection and absorption.• Large downtime due to the earth’s rotation can be avoided.
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Simplified representation of a Solar Power Satellite
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Electronics• A rectenna is a rectifying antenna, a special type
of antenna that is used to convert microwave energy into direct current electricity. • A simple rectenna element consists of a dipole
antenna with an RF diode connected across the dipole elements.• The diode rectifies the AC current induced in the
antenna by the microwaves, to produce DC power, which powers a load connected across the diode.
Rectifying Antenna
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Electronics• The concept of a Rectenna was first introduced by
William C Brown, a US Electrical Engineer working for Raytheon Industries.• Advantages:• Unlimited lifetime• Completely eco-friendly
Rectifying Antenna
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Hence η=.
Mathematics• Efficiency (η) is the ratio of the output power Pout to
the input power Pin
η =Pout / Pin
• Pin is w.r.t. the AC input, and depends on the power density Pd across the receiver surface, as well as the effective area Aeff of the receiver.
i.e. Pin =Pd .Aeff
Where Pd =and Aeff=• Pout is the dc output power.
Pout=
Efficiency of a Rectenna
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Mechanical Engineering• The Brayton Cycle is a constant
pressure heat engine.• The Closed Brayton Cycle is an
alternative to using photovoltaic cells in SBSP systems.• An inert gas is circulated through
a compressor and a turbine coupled with a generator.• The fluid is heated, expands
through the turbine, and is cooled by radiating heat to space.• A recuperator reuses the waste
heat from the turbine.• Much more efficient than PV
cells.
Closed Brayton Cycle
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Computer Science• Simulation is a necessary stage
in the development of any new technology.• MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a
multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language.• It can be used to generate
graphs and models using input in the form of programs.
Simulation of Wireless Power Transmission
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Computer ScienceSimulation of Wireless Power Transmission
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Bibliography[1] Rectennas for Wireless Energy Harvesting, Jingwei Zhang and Yi Huang, University of Liverpool[2] A Historical Review of Brayton and Stirling Power Conversion Technologies for Space Applications, Lee S. Mason and Jeffrey G. Schreiber , NASA GRC[3] Brayton Cycle Conversion For Space Solar Power, Narayanan Komerath and Brendan Dessanti, GeorgiaTech[4] Design of a Wireless Power Transfer System using Inductive Coupling and MATLAB programming, Somashekar B, David Livingston et al, Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Technology KGF.[5] National Space Society Archives (http://www.nss.org/)
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THANK YOU
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