SoE+Harvard+Referencing+Guide+Oct+08+(3)

7/24/2019 SoE+Harvard+Referencing+Guide+Oct+08+(3)

1/17

School of Education Harvard Referencing Guide

Introduction

This guide has been designed to meet the needs of the UH School of Education and offer a common referencefor all of our Programmes. It is based on the Harvard Referencing Guide jointly roduced by the !usinessSchool "cademic Studies Unit and #earning and Information Services.

It is essential for you to reference your $or% thoroughly in order for the reader to be able to see $hich $ords are

your o$n and $hich sources you have used as evidence to suort your arguments. It is essential to rememberthat&

'. (our tutor must be able to chec% your source.). *ther readers might $ant to follo$ u your $or%.+. If you do not reference, you are li%ely to be steing into the $orld of stealing $or% and ideas from

others, and that this therefore becomes serious offence of plagiarism.

Harvard is a modern -authordate- system and should not be used in the same document $ith the olderfootnote system/-historical- system0, $hich contains numbers in the te1t and footnotes. The comletereference consists of twoarts the in-textcitation and the final reference in the list of References, $hich hasthe follo$ing order&

Harvard basic order of information

Harvard is an -"UTH*R 2"TE- system, and /if %no$n0, you mustrecord the information in this order&Author !ear" Title.#lace of publication$ %ame of publisher&

If you do not have any art of the information, you will have to leave it outor indicate you do not have it $ith-date un%no$n- for e1amle. (ou can reference any sources using the Harvard referencing guide the rule is to%ee the same order of information as above.

'. 3ho $rote the $or%4). 3hen did they $rite it4+. 3hat is the name of the $or%4

5. 3here can it be found4

References

References arenotthe same as a !ibliograhy. In the School of Education $e only re6uire a list of References.References contain a list of all the sources you actually used and -cited- in the te1t, $hereas a !ibliograhycontains all the sources of information that you used as -bac%ground- reading for the assignment but you didnot actually cite these sources in the te1t.

'( #oints to note

'. References 7 !ibliograhy must be arranged alhabetically, according to author.). " reference list must contain an entry for each inte1t citation.+. *ther sources, not cited in the te1t, should go in a searate !ibliograhy.5. "l$ays note the full details of your references and 6uotes as you read and $rite, so that you do not

forget your sources. It $ill then be easier to ma%e the final list of references.8. Include a age number if your citation is a direct 6uotation from your source.9. :a%e a final chec% $hen editing your $or% that each inte1t citation also aears in the References.;. 2o not mi1 Harvard $ith other referencing systems /i.e. do not use -ibid-, -o.cit-, etc.0


2/17


'). If your source is an electronic version, rather than the aer coy of a journal, boo%, ne$saer orreort, then you need to state @*nlineA after the title to sho$ that you read it online instead of in hardcoy.

'+. Use B"vailable atC for UR# /uniform resource locator0 to identify a $eb address.'5. "l$ays include the date that you -accessed- your $eb reference source.

#rimary and secondary sourcesPrimary sources are the -original- sources. Secondary sources are the rimary sources referred to by otherauthors. This guide gives e1amles of both rimary and secondary sources, but you must remember that$herever ossible, you should al$ays consult the rimary source. Ho$ever, $hatever tye of source you use,the golden rule is to only cite and reference the source that you actually use&

Attribution tense

If you use the resent tense and say D!ro$n /'=


3/17


/ontents

0oos1 One author2 Two authors3 Several authors4 Chapter in an edited book

5 More than one book by the same author in the same year

1ournals6 uthor unknown! One author" Two authors# uthor $itin% another author

Electronic Information1& 'le$troni$ book11 'le$troni$ (ournal12 )nternet pa%e * author known13 Or%anisation website

14 )n+ormation databases , $itin% a (ournal arti$le15 )n+ormation databases , $itin% a report , author unknown16 -is$ussion %roup.bulletin board. blo%1! '*mail1" /irtual learnin% environments 0Studyet1# Con+eren$e pro$eedin%s 0published on the )nternet2& 'le$troni$ ma%aine or newsletter21 Multiple re+eren$es to the same website22 e+eren$e to a website usin% an a$ronym 0short +orm o+ or%anisation.institutions name

*ther sources23 Two arti$les by same author in same year24 )ma%es

25 hoto%raphs26 7raphs8 tables and dia%rams2! ewspaper or ma%aine arti$le * unspe$i+ied author2" ewspaper or ma%aine arti$le , author known2# Corporate author3& 9e$ture notes31 esear$h $onversations32 udio visual material33 :ilm 0-/-34 :ull $on+eren$e pro$eedin%s35 7overnment.'; publi$ation36 eports3! )n house publi$ations

3" Thesis.dissertation3# Translation by translator4& Translation by student41 'n$y$lopaedia entries42 -i$tionaries43 '


4/17


0oos

' *ne author

In-text citation

:ed$ell /)>>;0 advises that $hen $or%ing $ith teaching assistants one needs to communicate, very recisely,

their role in each lesson.

References:ed$ell, . /)>>;0 Su$$ess+ul tea$hin% pla$ement. )nd edn. E1eter& #earning :atters.

2 ,wo authors

In-text citation

Price and :aier /)>>;0 recommend that oster resentations should tell a story.

ReferencesPrice, G. J :aier, P. /)>>;0'++e$tive study skills? unlo$k your potential. Harlo$& Pearson #ongman.

3 Several authors

Kor more than t$o authors, use -et al- in the te1t. In the References, list them all in the same order as theyaear in the original $or%.

In-text citation

It can be argued that Bdesign and technology iscitienshi educationC /Ho$e et al, )>>'& '+90.

ReferencesHo$e, "., 2avies, 2., Ritchie, R. /)>>'0 rimary desi%n and te$hnolo%y +or the +uture?$reativity8 $ulture and$itienship@#ondon& 2avid Kulton.

( /hapter in an edited boo

In-text citation

It is not easy for eole to see the lin%s bet$een creativity and mathematics /Hanley, in ones J 3yse, )>>50.

ReferencesHanley, U. /)>>50 B:athematicsC. In ones, R. J 3yse, 2. /eds.0 Creativity in the primary $urri$ulum. #ondon&2avid Kulton. . +'5


5/17


1ournals

*nly the title of the 6ournal is put in italics& ,he title of the article is put in inverted commas &

7 Author unnown

In text citation

" recent !ritish :edical "ssociation /!:"0 article /)>>;0 highlights the economic imact of the roblem ofobesity.

References!:" /)>>;0 -The imact of obesity on UL health care funding-@ Aritish Medi$al Bournal. o. '>>8;. )')'>.

: Author citing another author

In-text citation

The decision to $or% and study /through formal articiation or selfdirected forms of articiation0 is anunderstandable resonse by adults to their e1erience of changing socioeconomic conditions /Kield, )>>>, inKuller, )>>;0.

ReferencesKield, . /)>>>0 9i+elon% learnin% and the new edu$ational order@Sto%eonTrent& Trentham !oo%s. In Kuller, "./)>>;0 B:idlife MtransitionsN to higher education& develoing a multilevel e1lanation of increasingarticiationC. Studies in the 'du$ation o+ dults@+=/)0 "utumn. . )';)+8.

Electronic Information

'; Electronic boo

In-text citation

!o$ell and Lem /)>>80 stress the imortance of develoing critical thin%ing in academic $riting.

References!o$ell, T. J Lem, G. /)>>80 Criti$al thinkin% , a $on$ise %uide@)nd edn. e$ (or%& Routledge. "vailable at&htt&77$$$.HERTS.eblib.com7E!#3eb7atron74targetOatronJe1tendedidOE'+ @"ccessed& '< :ay, )>>;A.

8?ersion + *ctober >


6/17


'' Electronic 6ournal

In-text citation

There $as a focus on English and mathematics as a result of the government emhasis, leaving less time forother subjects, $hich $as also suggested by !oyle and !ragg /)>>90.

References!oyle, !. J !ragg, . /)>>90 B" curriculum $ithout foundationC. Aritish 'du$ational esear$h Bournal@*nlineA.+)/50 "ugust. . 89=8>>;0.

Referencesational Koundation for Educational Research /)>>;0 arti$ipation under the spotli%ht? de+inin% +uturedire$tions@ "vailable at& htt&77$$$.nfer.ac.u%7researchareas7listeningtochildrenandyoungeole7sotlight

onarticiation.cfm@"ccessed&)) :ay, )>>'9


7/17


The :intel Reort /)>> of total volume sales since)>>).

References:intel /)>>>>>9.

'9 ?irtual learning environments Study%et"

In-text citation

!ryant /)>>90 stresses that you should not rely too heavily on only a limited number of sources for youressays.

References!ryant, T. /)>>90 ;EAS S; %uide toessay writin%@@*nlineA. "vailable at&htt&77go.herts.ac.u%7bs.academics%ills @"ccessed& )' anuary, )>>;A.

': /onference proceedings published on the Internet"

In-text citation

#angley /)>>;0 states that blended learning strategy can lead to increased social interaction and sociallearning, more so than $ith an elearning only aroach.

References#angley, ". /)>>;0 BE1eriential learning, elearning and social learning& the EES aroach to develoingblended learningC. :ourth 'du$ation in a Chan%in% 'nvironment Con+eren$e@ ')'5 Setember. Salford& Universityof Salford. "vailable at htt&77$$$.ece.salford.ac.u%7roceedings7)>>; @"ccessed& )> :ay, )>>


8/17


2; Electronic maga@ine or newsletter

In-text citation

The 2isability Rights Fommission /2RF0 has ta%en a close loo% at the barriers that disabled eole /includingeole $ith longterm health conditions0 face $hen entering teaching, nursing, and social $or%. (ESFalatee$s, )>>;0.

ReferencesESFalate e$s /)>>;0 Maintainin% standards? promotin% eFuality@*nlineA(=0 "utumn. "vailable at&htt&77escalate.ac.u%7do$nloads75)58.df @"ccessed& )> :ay, )>>,8))59.html @"ccessed& '8 :arch,)>>;A.

o%ia /)>>;c0 Culture o+ mobility. "vailable at& htt77$$$.no%ia.co.id.no%ia.com7fashion7culture.id>89;5.html@"ccessed& '8 :arch, )>>;A.

22 Reference to a website using an acronym /short form of organisation7institutionCs name0

In text citation

?#Es have been available for use in higher education /HE0 since the mid '==>s, though not all of them $ere$eb based /!ecta, )>>+0.

References!ecta /)>>+0 review o+ the resear$h literature on the use o+ mana%ed learnin% environments and virtuallearnin% environments in edu$ation8 and a $onsideration o+ the impli$ations +or s$hools in the ;nited =in%dom@

"vailable at& htt&77artners.becta.org.u%7uloaddir7do$nloads7agedocuments7research7?#Ereort.df@"ccessed& + ovember, )>>;A.

*ther sources

23 ,wo articles by same author in same year

In-text citation

!ryant-s assessments /'==)a, '==)b0 of the Samburu economy in orthern Lenya remain seminal $or%s.

References!ryant, T. /'==)a0 -!arter and hierarchy in orthern Lenya-. ro$eedin%s o+ the :irst )nternational esear$hCon+eren$e on +ri$an omads 2&&6@ '8 ovember. airobi& KIRF"& . )85


9/17


2( Images

In-text citation

Kigure '& Graduation 2ay /Source& :icrosoft *nline Images, )>>90.

References:icrosoft *nline Images /)>>90$ademi$ photos * %raduatin% students@*nline imageA. "vailable at&htt&77office.microsoft.com7cliart7default.as14lcOengb @"ccessed& '> :ay, )>>;A.

24 #hotographs

In-text citation

Kigure ' sho$s a student studying in the University of HertfordshireCs #earning Resources Fentre.

Kigure '& a student $or%ing in the #earning Resources Fentre /Source& Teague, )>>;0.

ReferencesTeague, . /)>>;0 hoto%raph o+ a student workin% in the 9earnin% esour$es Centre. uly )>>;. Unublished.

27 Graphs tables and diagrams

In-text citation$

"s can be seen from the grah in Kigure ', the most common $ay that adults ac6uire information andcommunication technology /IFT0 s%ills is through learningbydoing.

Kigure '& Ho$ adults obtained IFT s%ills /Source& *ffice for ational Statistics, )>>;0.

=?ersion + *ctober >


10/17


References*ffice for ational Statistics /)>>;0 here and how adults obtained )CT skills8 2&&68 ;=@@*nline imageA."vailable at& htt&77$$$.statistics.gov.u%7cci7nugget.as4idO';') @"ccessed& )< :ay, )>>>>>


11/17


2: /orporate author

In-text citation

The tests give the oortunity for uils to be set clear and understandable targets /2eartment for Educationand S%ills, )>>)0.

References2eartment for Education and S%ills /)>>)0 Makin% assessment work@ #ondon& 2eartment for Education andS%ills. @2fES >'=97)>>)A.

3; Becture notes /chec% that your lecturer allo$s this0

In-textcitation

Teague /)>>>>>;.

32 Audio visual material

In-text citation

Geograhy also lays an imortant art in uilsC hysical, intellectual, social and emotional develoment/Scoffham, )>>50.

ReferencesScoffham, S. /ed.0 /)>>50 rimary %eo%raphy handbook@@F2R*:A. Sheffield& Geograhical "ssociation.

33 )ilm =?="

In-text citation

Leating introduces his students to oetry, and his freethin%ing attitude and the liberating hilosohies of theauthors he introduces to his class have a rofound effect on his students /2ead Poets Society, '=


12/17


3( )ull conference proceedings

In-text citation

The +rdHertfordshire Integrated #earning Project /HI#P0 conference /)>>)0 focussed on identifying andstrengthening lin%s bet$een s%ills develoment in the Higher Education curriculum and the factors thatinfluence that develoment.ReferencesHertfordshire Integrated #earning Project /)>>)0 Skills development in hi%her edu$ation? +or%in% links?pro$eedin%s o+ the 3rdnnual Skills Con+eren$e@ University of Hertfordshire. '>'' uly, )>>). Hatfield&University of Hertfordshire.

34 Government>EC publication

In-text citation

oint Educational Projects for language learning /EPs0 aim to increase young eoleCs motivation as $ell ascaacity to communicate in foreign languages /Euroean Fommission, '==;0.

ReferencesEuroean Fommission /'==;0 So$rates 9in%ua? (oint edu$ational pro(e$ts? handbook@#u1embourg& *ffice for*fficial Publications of the Euroean Fommunities.

37 Reports

In-text citation

The focus of a recent reort /en%ins and Healey, )>>80is on supporting the relationships between

student learning and staf discipline-based research in institutional policies and practices.

Referencesen%ins, ". J Healey, :. /)>>80 )nstitutional strate%ies to link tea$hin% and resear$h@ (or%& Higher Education"cademy.

38 In house publications

In-text citation

!ryant and Fourtney /)>>;0 state that the main thing to remember about referencing is to remember thecorrect order of information and to be consistent in the alication of this information.

References!ryant, T. J Fourtney, :. /)>>;0 ;EAS S; %uide to Earvard re+eren$in%. Hatfield& UH!S "SU.

39 ,hesis>dissertation

In-text citation

"s Karrant /)>>50 indicates, there are various reasons $hy freetime oortunities could be seen to be soositive for refugee uils.

References

')?ersion + *ctober >


13/17


Karrant, L. /)>>50 )mprovin% the provision +or re+u%ee $hildren within a mainstream +irst s$hool@ Thesis /:"0.University of Hertfordshire.

3: ,ranslations by translator"

In-text citation

Fhildren do not learn to sea% unless they are immersed in a $orld $here others sea% /!ouvet, '==>0.

References!ouvet, 2. /'==>0 The path to lan%ua%e? bilin%ual edu$ation +or dea+ $hildren@ Translated from Krench by .E.ohnson. Flevedon& :ultilingual :atters.

(; ,ranslations by student"

In-text citation

"s a recent reort from the !an% of Fhina /)>>;0 sho$s, the issue of bad loans is one that the Fhinese

government is increasingly $orried about.

References!an% of Fhina /)>>;0 >uarterly eport. 2ocument number !*F8>>0.

References#o$e, P. J Reynolds, F.R. /)>>>0 B"ttentiondeficit7hyeractivity disorder /"2H20C. 'n$y$lopedia o+ spe$ialedu$ation. )ndedn. ?ol. '. . '99';+. e$ (or%& ohn 3iley.

If the encycloaedia entry does not have an author, use the -cororate author- style&

Encycloaedia !ritannica /)>>; Marketin% se%mentation. @*nlineA "vailable at& $$$.britannica.com@"ccessed& = :ay, )>>;A

(2 =ictionaries

In-text citation

Pedagogy is defined as the ractice of teaching or the study of teaching /#ongman, '==80.

References9on%man di$tionary o+ $ontemporary 'n%lish/'==80 +rdedn. Harlo$& #ongman.

(3 Exhibition catalogues

In-text citation

"s stated in the catalogue /Eric Farle :useum of Picture !oo% "rt, )>>)0 the e1hibition reresents theculmination of Eric and !arbara Farle-s vision to launch a museum celebrating the art of the icture boo%.

'+?ersion + *ctober >


14/17


ReferencesEric Farle :useum of Picture !oo% "rt /)>>)0 The world o+ 'ri$ Carle@ovember )), )>>) to :arch )+, )>>+."mherst& Eric Farle :useum of Picture !oo% "rt.

(( Acts of #arliament CD Statutes"

In-text citation

The 2ata Protection "ct /Great !ritain. '==


15/17


(: uotations/age number must al$ays be given, if it is not a $eb site0.

*ne imortant $ay to avoid lagiarism is to use 6uotations. Ho$ever, before you do this, consider thefollo$ing&'0 2o not use a 6uote if you can ma%e the oint in another $ay)0 2o not 6uote just to ma%e u your $ord count+0 2o not use very long 6uotes

In text citation

uotations of less than t$o lines should be enclosed in 6uotation mar%s can be given li%e this&

Eaude /)>>9& >90 Childrens spiritual8 moral8 so$ial and $ultural development? primary and early years. E1eterearning :atters.

4; uoting other students

?ery occasionally, you $ill need to 6uote or cite from the $or% of other students erhas you are art of ateam $hich has to roduce a joint iece of $or%.

In text citation

"s can be seen from the statistics sulied for the !usiness Reort in art one of the roject /Qhao, )>>;0,:alaysia has the highest score for all of the five factors.

ReferencesQhao, #. /)>>;0 MS$)A )nte%rated ro(e$t Eandout 01 omania.

'8?ersion + *ctober >


16/17


An example of a final list of References in alphabetical order$

References

!o$ell, T. J Lem, G. /)>>80 Criti$al thinkin% , a $on$ise %uide@)nd edn. e$ (or%& Routledge. "vailable at&htt&77$$$.HERTS.eblib.com7E!#3eb7atron74targetOatronJe1tendedidOE'+ @"ccessed& '< :ay, )>>;A.

!oyle, !. J !ragg, . /)>>90 B" curriculum $ithout foundationC. Aritish 'du$ational esear$h Bournal@*nlineA.+)/50 "ugust. . 89=8>>.>>.

Hanley, U. /)>>50 B:athematicsC. In ones, R. J 3yse, 2. /eds.0 Creativity in the primary $urri$ulum. #ondon&2avid Kulton. . +'5>')'>.

)inally

3e hoe this guide is useful to you. If you have any 6uestions about referencing as% your tutor or the #earningand Information Services Education Information Fonsultant.

To hel understand ho$ to avoid lagiarism, including ho$ to reference sources correctly& visithtt&77logos.herts.ac.u%7lib6d7lagiarism7start.html This short course includes a video, interactive 6uies, lin%sand resources. "ccess is restricted to oncamus or through ?irtual Private et$or%.

Acnowledgements

This version $as udated for the School of Education by oanna Teague, Sue Thomas and :andy Phillis. Thefollo$ing roduced the original version of this document& The !usiness School "cademic Studies Unit and

teaching staff, colleagues in #earning and Information Services and colleagues in the School of Education. Thisguide has been develoed in light of the guidelines in the follo$ing ublication&

Pears, R. J Shields, G. /)>>50 Cite them ri%ht? re+eren$in% made easy. e$castle&orthumbria University.

'9?ersion + *ctober >


17/17


ui@F

,here is one mistae in each reference& Cse the Harvard Referencing Guide to find answers you do notnow and to help you chec your corrections&

Furtis, P. Sin bins for uils to be scraed. The 7uardian@ )' :ay, )>>>'0 rimary desi%n and te$hnolo%y +or the +uture? $reativity8 $ulture and $itienship @#ondon&2avid Kulton.

en%ins, "lan J Healey, :ic% /)>>80 )nstitutional strate%ies to link tea$hin% and resear$h@ (or%& Higher

Education "cademy.

9on%man di$tionary o+ $ontemporary 'n%lish/'==80 Harlo$& #ongman. +rdedn.

:erchant, G. /)>>>90$ademi$ photos * %raduatin% students@*nline imageA. "vailable at&htt&77office.microsoft.com7cliart7default.as14lcOengb

Price, G. J :aier, P. /)>>;0'++e$tive study skills? unlo$k your potential. Pearson #ongman& Harlo$.

Qaccheo, 2. /)>>:ayA.

SoE+Harvard+Referencing+Guide+Oct+08+(3)

Documents