Socioeconomic Status of University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design Students A Thesis presented to The Faculty of College of Fine Arts and Design University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For Math600A (Statistics) Submitted to: Prof. Crisencio M. Paner, MSc. Submitted by: Kit Katrice Ang Sherri Anne Costo
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Socioeconomic Status of University of Santo Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design
Students
A Thesis presented to
The Faculty of College of Fine Arts and Design
University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For Math600A (Statistics)
Submitted to:
Prof. Crisencio M. Paner, MSc.
Submitted by:
Kit Katrice Ang
Sherri Anne Costo
Kriselle Merabuena
2AD4
AY 2012-2013
INTRODUCTION
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an individual's or group's position within a
hierarchical social structure. (www.dictionary.com) Socioeconomic status indicates
the relationship between a person's social status and his financial standing. Assessing
one's socioeconomic status has three interrelated factors such as income, education
and occupation. When income tends to go up as the level of education increases, in
part because higher education provides an individual with skill that is necessary to be
able to enter jobs that can provide higher pay. When income goes down, educational
level drops. As a result, in general, those who have less education have less income.
Less education means less skill needed to enter a high paying job.
(www.wisegeek.com)
What social class do you belong to? Can one tell which class you belong by
the way you talk, dress and act? Most people classify Fine Arts students to belong to
upper socioeconomic classes. With the help of our survey, we are able to know which
social class majority of the students belong to. Socioeconomic status, sometimes
abbreviated to as SES, is a sociological classification indicating the close relationship
between someone’s relative wealth and that person’s social status. It is commonly
conceptualized as the social standing or class of an individual or group.
Socioeconomic status is one of the key indicators when looking at a number of
different community issues, including school performance, crime and housing. It is
most often determined by analyzing family income and assets. It also means the
aggregate value of their education, job status and living environment. Together, all
these things can play a crucial role in one’s life.
The researchers chose the said topic for according to ___, socioeconomic
status affects psychological and physical health and education of a person. (_____)
The researchers are concerned with their fellow UST-CFAD students' health and well-
The review of the literature for this study focuses on how influential
socioeconomic status can be to a behavior of a person.
Socioeconomic status (SES) is often measured as a combination of education,
income, and occupation. It is commonly conceptualized as the social standing or class
of an individual or group. When viewed through a social class lens, privilege, power,
and control are emphasized. Furthermore, an examination of SES as a gradient or
continuous variable reveals inequities in access to and distribution of resources. SES
is relevant to all realms of behavioral and social science including research, practice,
education, and advocacy. (academia.edu)
Education plays a major role in skill sets for acquiring jobs, as well as specific
qualities that stratify people with higher SES from lower SES. An article on
studymode.com speaks on the idea of concerted cultivation, where middle
class parents take an active role in their children’s education and development by
using controlled organized activities and fostering a sense of entitlement through
encouraged discussion. It argues that families with lower income do not participate in
this movement, causing their children to have a sense of constraint. An interesting
observation that studies have noted is that parents from lower SES households are
more likely to give orders to their children in their interactions while parents with a
higher SES are more likely to interact and play with their children. A division in
education attainment is thus born out of these two differences in child rearing.
Research has shown how children who are born in lower SES households have
weaker language skills compared to children raised in higher SES households. These
language skills affect their abilities to learn and thus exacerbate the problem of
education disparity between low and high SES neighborhoods. Lower income
families can have children who do not succeed to the levels of the middle income
children, who can have a greater sense of entitlement, be more argumentative, or be
better prepared for adult life.
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According to an article from apa.org, parents with high socioeconomic status
have more time, energy, resources, knowledge, and patience to teach their children
than the parents with low socioeconomic status. Most parents who have lower
socioeconomic status are stressed from trying too hard to provide basic needs that
they may not have time and energy to provide stimulating activities, or money for
many opportunities that can enhance their children’s learning. Students with low
socioeconomic status may be under diagnosed for behavioral and learning problems,
in part due to parents' stress and poor health services.
Low socioeconomic status not only affects dropout rates but it affects parental
involvement in a student's education. Parental involvement can be defined as parental
participation in the educational processes and experiences of their children (Jeynes,
2007). If there is little parental involvement in a child's education, there is more of a
likelihood that the student will not succeed. When a parent is not involved or
interested in his or her child's education, there is a greater chance that the child will
not be interested in his or her own education. This directly affects whether or not the
student will finish school. It is not uncommon to see little parental involvement in the
education of children from low-income households. This, in turn, leads to an increase
in behavioral problems. Parental involvement does not independently improve
children's learning, but some involvement activities do prevent behavioral problems.
Interaction analysis suggests that the involvement of parents with low socioeconomic
status may be more effective than that of parents with high socioeconomic status
(Domina, 2005). Parental involvement means not only helping with homework but
also becoming involved and active in other aspects of a child's education. Academic
achievement requires both student and parent involvement.
Research indicates that children from low-SES households and communities
develop academic skills more slowly compared to children from higher SES groups
(Morgan, Farkas, Hillemeier, & Maczuga, 2009). Initial academic skills are
correlated with the home environment, where low literacy environments and chronic
stress negatively affect a child’s pre-academic skills.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research will begin with the present status of the country’s economy, the
University of Santo Tomas’ profile and the college’s. This will serve as background
for the study.
A survey of 100 respondents with ages ranging from 18-21 years old that
studies in the University of Santo Tomas under the College of Fine Arts and Design
whose majors were: Advertising Arts, Painting, Industrial and Interior Design was
also conducted to access the current status of some of the students. The survey served
as a foundation of the study.
The wide-range of Internet search helped a lot in giving the researcher updated
information regarding the present situation of the economy of the Philippines in year
2012 and defining a lot of unfamiliar words.
The gathered data is used as a reference and basis in declaring which is the
most dominant socio economic class among the students.
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SURVEY FORM
Socioeconomic status of UST-CFAD students
Good day! We are students from 2AD4 taking Math600A. We are conducting a study regarding the socioeconomic status of UST-CFAD students for AY 2013-2014. We will highly appreciate your help by answering the questions honestly and correctly. Please select the best answer. Thank you! * Required
Name ______________ Age *
18-20 21-25 26-30
Gender * Male Female
Marital status * Single Married Widowed
School/College * ___________________Example: UST-CFAD Department *
Advertising Arts Interior Design Industrial Design Painting
1. I am currently a * Full-time student Working student
2. Highest educational attainment of FATHER * Master degree College graduate High school graduate Grade school graduate
3. Highest educational attainment of MOTHER * Master degree College graduate
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High school graduate Grade school graduate
4. Which category best describes your monthly household income? * P50,001 and above P30,001-P50,000 P15,001-P30,000 P8,001-P15,000 P8,000 and below
5. Occupation of FATHER * 6. Occupation of MOTHER * 7. Enrollment status *
Regular Irregular
8. Payment of tuition fee category * Full Installment
9. Mode of payment of tuition fee * Cash Credit card Cheque
10. How much is your daily allowance? * P551 and above P451-P550 P351-P450 P201-P350 P200 and below
11. Are you able to save enough money from your daily allowance? *If no, please proceed to question #13.
Yes No
12. How much can you save out of your daily allowance? P401 and above P301-P400 P201-P300 P151-P200 P150 and below
13. Do you plan to work right after you graduate? * Yes No
15. Why or why not? *
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___________________________________ 16. How much is your expected salary? *
P30,001 and above P20,001-P30,000 P15,001-P20,000 P15,000 and below
17. Will you willingly help with the household expenses? * Yes No
18. Why or why not? *____________________________________
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The researchers conducted a survey with 100 respondents. All respondents
were students of UST-CFAD. The survey was equally divided for the 4 departments
present in the said college namely: Advertising Arts, Industrial Design, Interior
Design and Painting department.
The survey yielded on student's lifestyle, daily allowance and savings, terms
of payment of tuition fees, buying patterns, how do they balance their wants and
needs and their dependency on their family members. The survey questionnaire
helped the researchers in achieving the objectives of the study.
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A wide-range of Internet search provided updated information and defined
terms used in the study.
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT
The survey questionnaire was validated by the pre-test conducted with 10
respondents who are efficient enough to answer and give comments and suggestions
for a better understanding for both the respondents and the researchers so the study
can be done better.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
P = F/N x 100
Where:
P = Percentage
F = Frequency
N = Number of respondents
Where:
= Mean
Where:
= Median
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Where:
= Mode
Where:
=
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
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Most of the respondents who answered the survey are 18-20 years old.
Most of the respondents who took the survey are Female.
13
The results from the survey show that all respondents are single.
The pie chart shows that all the respondents are from the University of Santo
Tomas College of Fine Arts and Design.
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Most of the respondents who answered the survey are from Advertising Arts,
followed by Interior Design, then Industrial Design and the least, Painting.
The results show that 90 percent of the respondents are Full-time Students.
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Most of the respondents’ Father has the highest educational attainment of a
College Graduate.
Most of the respondents’ Mother has the highest educational attainment of a
College Graduate.
16
Results show that most of the respondents have a monthly household income of
P50, 001 and above.
Results show that most of the respondents’ father have different field of work
with a 36%; while 19% of the respondents’ father is either a businessman or an
engineer. Self-employed and manager ties up.
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Most of the respondents’ mother have different field of work, while 26% are
businesswomen, 22% of them are housewives, 14% are self-employed.
Most of the respondents are Regular students.
18
Most of the respondents say that they pay their tuition with full payment than
installment.
Most of the respondents’ mode of payment is cast, followed by check while the
least is the credit.
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Most of the respondents say that their daily allowance ranges from P201-P350.
Only few of them have an allowance of P451-P550.
Most of the respondents say that they are able to save from their daily
allowances.
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Most of the respondents say that they can save P150 and below from their daily
allowances. While 25% of them can only save P151 - P200, followed by P401 and
above and only a little can save P201-P300.
Most of the respondents plan to work after they graduate right away because they want to have their own money. They want to be able to sustain their needs and not having to rely on their parents’ money anymore. Some of our respondents want to
work after they graduate to help their parents with their household expenses. A few respondents wanted to work simply for the experience.
Some of the respondents answered that they don’t plan to work after they graduate because they plan to take another course and have a higher degree. A few of our
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respondents don’t plan to work right away because they want to rest and take a break after studying in college for four years.
Most of the respondent expect that their salary will range from P30, 001
and above, followed by P15, 001-P20, 000 and P20, 001-P30, 000 then P15, 000
and below got the least.
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Most of the respondents are willing to help with the household expenses. They
say that they want to repay and help their parents financially.
ANALYSIS
After conducting research, the researchers found out that majority of the CFAD
students, no matter how big or small their household incomes are, are willing to
work after they graduate. Working for them is a necessity. It doesn't matter if
they belong to a higher or a lower class. Wanting to earn their own money is
what inspires them to work. They want to be able to spend their own money to
sustain their personal needs and not having to rely on their parents' money
anymore. They also want to work after they graduate to help their parents with
their household expenses.
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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
The researchers therefore conclude that families that belong to high
socioeconomic class often have more success in preparing their young children for
school because they have access to a wide range of resources to promote and support
their children’s education and development. They are able to provide their children
with high quality childcare, toys, and books to encourage their children in different
learning activities at home. Moreover, they have easy access to information regarding
their children’s health, as well as social, emotional, and cognitive development. In
addition, families with high socioeconomic status often seek out information to help
them prepare their young children for school.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The researchers recommend using other forms of methodology; since our
research has an objective of fulfilling requirements for Math600A (Statistics), we
opted to use only survey as a form of methodology. We recommend that future
researchers use other forms of methodology such as interviews. This will help expand
your knowledge about your topic and will give other detailed insights, especially if
there are certain people involved, like our research paper.