World History II – September 2012 Socialism: A Response to the Industrial Revolution
Jul 28, 2015
Industrialization created two new classesIndustrial middle class Industrial working
class
Good for middle; bad for working – factory conditions, hours, pay, etc.
Industrial Revolution
This system was called capitalism! An economic system based on private
ownership of the means of production (factories, machines, and tools used to create wealth)
Free trade and lack of government regulation
People started questioning the merits of capitalism because only the wealthy seemed to benefit
They promoted that the means of production should be operated by the people who did the work or by the government
“Utopian Socialism”All members of the society would share in the
work and the profitsMany said this was unrealistic
Too idealisticWanted to build within existing society
Birth of Socialism!
Karl Marx (1818 – 1883)German philosophermoved to Paris, Brussels, London
Observed the plight of the working classWrote for a series of radical newspapers
promoting socialismFrequently borrowed money from his friend
and colleague Friedrich Engels
Enter Karl Marx
1820 – 1895Son of a wealthy German cotton
manufacturerObserved plight of the working
class while managing a factory in London
Friedrich Engels
Economic determinismAll cultural (social), political, intellectual
activities are the product of the society’s economic organization
All of history is the struggle for resourcesClass antagonism has been simplified to
Bourgeoisie – those who own the means of production (industrial middle class)
Proletariat – those who sell their labor to the producers (industrial working class)
Five Essential Stages of Human Society
Essential Marxism
1. Primitive hunting and gathering societies
no extra wealth no private property,
social classes, class struggles, or even the need for government
2. Slave societies rich ruling class oppressed underclass
of slaves
5 Stages of Society
3. Feudal society noble class of
landowning lords oppressed class of serfs
4. Capitalist society rich class of factory
owners (bourgeoisie) oppressed class of
factory workers (the proletariat)
5 Stages of Society (cont.)