Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank The World Bank In the Caribbean: Possibilities.

Social Development TeamSustainable Development

DepartmentLatin America and Caribbean

RegionThe World Bank

The World Bank In the Caribbean:Possibilities to expand Social

Development

Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social ProtectionSeptember 11-12, 2008, Trinidad and Tobago




The Development Challenge in the Caribbean

Well-being has substantially improved over the last 50 years

Yet, the Caribbean still faces significant development challenges, especially low growth and high inequality, resulting in persistent poverty




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The Social Dimensions of Poverty and Inequality in the Caribbean

Poverty and vulnerability hits certain groups in society particularly hard (e.g. women, youth, the aged)

Stark differences in opportunities across regions and urban/rural divides within countries

Social exclusion and a lack of “voice” contributes to breakdowns in social cohesion

Crime and violence are widespread




Global Issues Important for the Caribbean

Climate change – mainstreaming adaptation, mitigation, institutional strengthening, and the social dimensions and economics of climate change

Migration and remittances

Global Trade

Energy – developing regional energy strategy and supporting scale-up of innovative approaches in renewable energies.

Crime and Violence There has been an over-reliance on the criminal justice approach to crime reduction in the region, to the detriment of other complementary approaches

HIV/AIDS – encouraging regional cooperation and strengthening national health systems




• Reduce poverty and inequality via:

Growth and employment,

Strengthening institutions for inclusion, equity and sustainability

• Promote development through:

Investment climate Pro-poor infrastructure Education & innovation Macro stability

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• Offer an integrated package of technical and financial services tailored to country needs

The Bank’s Strategy for the Latin America and

Caribbean Region




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Strategic WBG Initiatives

• OECS Telecoms Project• Country Systems Pilot in

Jamaica• Multi-Donor Trust Fund

for Haiti• Regional Study on Crime

and Violence• Strengthening

Parliamentary Oversight in Guyana

• Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility

& Approaches

• Promotion of regionally-based solutions

• Increased Collaboration with International Development Partners (i.e. EU, CDB, CIDA, DFID, the Global Fund)




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Active Bank Operations Haiti 36

Caribbean regional projects 22

Dominican Republic 19

Jamaica 11

OECS 9

Guyana 9

St. Lucia 8

Grenada 5

Barbados 4

Trinidad and Tobago 3

Belize 2

Dominica 2

St. Kitts and Nevis 2

St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2

Antigua and Barbuda 1

Surinam 1

Total 136

Activities in the Pipeline

Dominican Republic 5

Jamaica 5

Haiti 3

Belize 2

Guyana 2

OECS 2

St. Lucia 2

Trinidad and Tobago 2

Antigua and Barbuda 1

Bahamas, The 1

Caribbean regional projects 1

Grenada 1

Total 27




Lending Active - 56 Projects

$967.97 Million (US)

Pipeline – 18 Projects $309.5 Million (US)

Grants Active – 80 Projects $87.34

Million (US)

Pipeline – 11 Projects 7.87 Million (US)

Total Active Financing – $1,055.32 Billion

Total Pipeline Financing –$317 Million

The World Bank in the Caribbean: Working to meet the challenges of small states with

innovation




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WBG Caribbean Projects by Sector

10%

9%

10%

9%5%

5%6% 7%

5%

2% 11%

5%

4%3%

1%

Financial and Private Sector Development Economic PolicyHealth, Nutrition and Population Urban Development

Education Public Sector GovernanceEnergy and Mining Agricult./Rural DevelopmentEnvironment Financial ManagementSocial Protection Poverty Reduction

Water Global ITProcurement Social DevelopmentTransport Operational Services

Gender and Development Project Finance and Guarantees




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COUNTRY NAMEBelize BITI - and Institutional Strengthening

BelizeCommunity Managed Sarstoon Temash Conservation Project(COMSTEC)

Caribbean wideYouth Development in the Caribbean, Report

Caribbean wide Crime and ViolenceGuyana GY - IDF Grant for for Amerindian AffairsHaiti Country Social AnalysisJamaica Country Systems

Jamaica and St. Kitts and Nevis

Strengthening Social Inclusion through Social Guarantees: Policy Inputs for the OAS of Social Development Ministers

Trinidad and Tobago Youth and Social Development

Social Development in the Caribbean since 2000




Social Development and Social Policy

Social policy could be defined as a series of public policies designed to promote equity and social justice, which subsume additional objectives including social inclusion, sustainable livelihoods, gender equity, increased voice and participation.

Social policies then are public policies aimed at three levels:

promoting equality of opportunity to benefit individuals (micro-level),

equality of agency and institutional reform to benefit groups (meso level), and

horizontal and vertical social integration to benefit society (macro level).




Frontiers of social policy:

The transformation of subjects and beneficiaries into citizens.

Fostering an enabling, accessible, responsive and accountable state. This entails universal application of rule of law, and equal rights under the law for all citizens.

Strengthening the capacity of states to mobilize revenue from their citizens, and diminishing reliance on external aid.




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The Bank-wide Social Development Strategy Social development is understood to mean

positive social change “Empowering people by transforming institutions for

greater social inclusion, cohesion and accountability” The strategy focuses on three key pillars:

Social inclusion Social cohesion Social accountability

The strategy sets out four key priorities for SD: more macro policy and dialogue, SD operations, mainstreaming, and research/advocacy




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Social Inclusion Promoting social inclusion involves addressing

structural inequality of opportunity for different societal groups based on ethnicity, gender, age (e.g. youth), etc.

the social groups It entails focused analyses and targeted programs to: Create economic opportunities for and empower Build their social capital Strengthen their interactions with the state and

markets




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Social Cohesion Promoting social cohesion involves

strengthening communities so that people can work together to resolve differences in a civil, non-confrontational way, promoting peace and security.

This can take the form of: Conflict prevention by building cohesive local

communities and strengthening country systems Post-conflict rebuilding of communities Addressing crime and violence through

preventive measures at the community level




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Social Accountability Promoting local governance and accountability

involves building and transforming institutions so people can exercise voice to authorities and those authorities can respond effectively

This bottom-up approach to governance can take place locally, (e.g. through municipal governments and local participation) as well as nationally, and can involve:

Participatory planning and budgeting Public expenditure tracking Monitoring and evaluation of service delivery

(score cards)




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Distinguishing Features of SD Operations

SD operations share core commonalities with other WBG operations:

They work through government agencies They finance: (i) Civil works, Equipment, Training/technical assistance,

Country-level and community level analyses

SD Operations are also unique in key ways:

They deal with different problems: How to empower the weakest to gain voice and agency in overcoming their poverty? How to build peaceful coexistence and strengthen social capital? How to use civic oversight to strengthen governance?

They treat the poor as actors, not beneficiaries: they use bottom-up approaches, and tailor investments to those that communities can manage (social inclusion) or oversee (social accountability)

They focus on particularly vulnerable groups as groups, not as numbers of individuals: e.g. at-risk youth, women, etc. and build in attention to culture heritage and values.




Examples of Products by Business Line

Social Inclusion Examples Social Cohesion Examples

1. Community-based development

PY Pilot Community Devt., HN Copan, Cartagena WSS

1. Peace & Development CO Peace and Devt. APL, Peace ESW, Haiti & Bolivia CSAs

2. Indigenous/Afro AR indig. LIL, PE PIMA, C. Am. Integrated Ecosyst.

2. Post-Conflict CO Protection of Patrimonial Assets

3. Youth/Gender devt. AR Profam, Youth AAA 3. Crime & Violence Regional ESW team

Social Accountability Mainstreaming Social Devt.

1. Civic engagement Civil society outreach, Voces Nuevas

1. Macro/policy analysis MX Housing PSIA, ENV DPL PSIA, policy note/CAS contributions

2. Upstream: budget Porto Alegre ESW 2. Project-level social & risk assessments

DR Power, BO Abapo-Camiri

3. Downstream: PET, monitoring

RECURSO Peru 3. Safeguard reviews SAT reviews, thematic studies, capacity bldg.



RegionThe World BankAdvancing Social Policy through Social

Guarantees• Social Guarantees are:

• Sets of legal or administrative mechanisms that aim to clearly specify people’s entitlements to public provision (including dimensions such as access, quality, participation and opportunities for redress) and ensure the fulfillment of those obligations by the state.

• They have five key characteristics that include: • Legal expression resulting in an explicit state responsibility; • Constructed in reference to a specific rights-holder; • Functioning mechanisms of access and redress; • The processes and commitments that they envision are defined

in a precise manner;• Flexible/revisable, facilitating the reduction of opportunity gaps

across social groups.




Implementing a Social Guarantees Approach to Social Policy

Analytical • Exploring the role that rights-based approaches to social policy could have in the provision of services and country governance.

• 2007: 11 Country Study (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Paraguay, Peru, St Kitts & Nevis, Uruguay and South Africa)

•Conducted in response to, and in collaboration with the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Chilean Foundation for Overcoming Poverty (FUNASDUPO). Supported by the IDB, ECLAC and DFID.

Operational •Implementing the Social Guarantees framework as a means to strengthen countries’ institutional capacity for delivering and providing access to social services that further social inclusion and democratic governance

•Bank instruments available to support such efforts include:

• Development Policy Lending,• Technical Assistance, • Specific Investment Loans

and • a Sector Wide Approach.




Access: to ensure that rights-holders are able to access the set of defined services.

Quality: to ensure that social services are delivered according to established quality standards.

Financial Protection: to ensure that individuals, who cannot afford the costs of receiving the service, would still be able to access it.

Participation and Continuous Revision: to ensure that the guarantees and sub-guarantees are continually updated according to the availability of resources, changing risks, political and social consensus, and the advancement of science and technology.

Mechanisms for Redress: to ensure that individuals or groups can claim access to the guaranteed services through judicial and non-judicial mechanisms.

Social guarantee programs should address a set of essential areas or sub-guarantees




Social Guarantees MatrixAccess Quality Participati

on / Revision

Financial Protection

Redress

Judicial Constitution defines equal access

Right to entitlement and redress mechanisms

Institutional

Ministry of education has the mandate

Courts, super-intendent, ombudsman,

Programatic

Specific programs reaching out

Superindent of Health in Chile

Financial Budgetary provisions to ensure implementation

Resources for access to justice

Social Development Team Sustainable Development Department Latin America and Caribbean Region The World Bank The World Bank In the Caribbean: Possibilities.

Documents

world bank social development

social inclusion

social policy social

caribbean poverty

social justice

social guarantees

social protection

caribbean widecrime