Sneha samvadam may2013

2013 tabv 3

Xkv\ow ûkn

hnthIm\µ\pw k¿haX kXyhmZhpw

XΩnse¥v?

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers,Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18. Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth,

PB No:1981, Vyttila, Cochin-19, Tel: 0484 2301275, Fax: 0484 2301175

Internet Edition: www.snehasamvadam.comEmail: [email protected]

For Online Booking: www.islamicbookshelf.com

]p-kv-X-I-w- HºXv / e-°w- ]Xns\m∂v / 2013 tabv --/ 1433 PamZp¬ BJ¿

Xncpsamgn 6

]Xm[n]¿°v ]dbm\p≈Xv 7

atX-X-c-Xzw, am\-hn-IX, Ckvemw 21 A¬Øm^v AΩm- n-°p∂v

Krl]cn-]m-e\w ]cn-Wmahnizm-ksØ

\ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂pthm? 36 Aen sNΩmSv

IqSn-°mgvN 48

hnip≤]mX 50

9]n.hn.F ]nwtdmkv

2013 tabv 4

hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS-kw-hm-Zw-

ho≠pw Nne eu PnlmZv

"IYIƒ'

""NcnXØnse GsXmcp kw`hhpw

c-≠v ]mhiyw Bh¿Øn°p∂p, hkv-

Xp-XIfmbpw IYIfmbpw'' F∂Xv G-

tXm Ko°v Zm¿i\nIs‚ hmNIßfmWv.

tI-cfØnse Nne kw`hßƒ FSp-Øp-

t\m-°nbm¬ ta¬ hmNIsØ "If-hm-

bpw IYbmbpw' F∂v am‰n hmbn-°m-sa-

∂v tXm∂p∂p.

eu PnlmsZ∂ "Atd_y≥ `qXw'

s]- IpńIsf Iq´tØmsS hioIcn®v

sIm≠pt]mbn CuØ∏\ apIfn¬ sh®v

]√pw \Jhpw apSnbpsamgnsI as‰√mw

Xn∂pXo¿Øv A¬ ^lw Nn°s‚ F-

√p-Ifpt]£n°p∂Xpt]mse acp`q-an-bn-

¬ sIm≠pt]mbn Xńb IY \msa√mw

ò-XntbmsS hmbn®v Xo¿ØXmWv. ]-kv-

Xp-X IY hmbn®v t]Sn®v ]\n]nSn®p

N-Øpt]mb Hcp]mSv lX`mKycpsS Ipgn-

am-Sßfn¬ F≈pw aecpw t\Zn®v sIm-

≠m-Wv ]e kwLv]cnhm¿ imJIfn¬

C-∂v ]`mXt`cnIƒ XpSßmdv Xs∂.

Akm[yamb a\°cpØv sIm≠v ac-W-

sØ AXnPohn® Nne AXnImb∑m¿

C-∂pw IpXnch´Øpw ]q¶pfbnepw am-

\-knItcmKØn\v ASnaIfmbn Ccp- n-\p-

≈n¬ Pohn°p∂p.

]d™phcp∂Xv as‰m∂pa√, tI-c-

f-kaqlw klXm]tØmsS hmbn-®p-Xo-

¿Ø ]kvXpX C≠mkpIƒ IYIfmbn

amXr`qan BgvN]Xn∏n¬ ho≠pw ]-kn-

≤o-Icn®v sIm≠ncn°p∂p. Poh≥ tPm-

_v tXmakns‚ Nne C‚¿\mjW¬

"]cn-Wma_UmbnIƒ' Hgn®v \n¿-Øn-bm-

¬ XmcXtays\ aebmfØn¬ \nehmcw

]pe¿Øp∂ B\pImenIamWv amXr- q-

an BgvN]Xn∏v. X\n°v hgßmØ Nne

Cw•ojv sS¿ant\mfPnIƒ HgnsI _m°n-

bp-≈sX√mw A∏Sn Sm≥kvte‰v sNbvXv

kz-¥w t]cn¬ ]kn≤oIcn°p∂ Po-h-

≥ tPm_v tXmakns‚ teJ\Øns‚

sam-Øw t]PpIƒ Iqń°ng®v, AsXm-

gn-sIbp≈ t]PpIƒ°mWv Xm≥ hne-

\-¬InbsX∂ kzbwIrX \n¿h-r-Xn-tbm-

sS amKkn\pambn aSßnt∏mIp∂ amXr-

`q-an hmb\°mcn\n t]Sn°Ww. Nne

A-]-k¿∏I IYIfpsS t]PpIƒ IqSn

C-\n Cu KWØn¬ F-ÆnØpStß-≠n-

bn-cn°p∂p.

IjvSamWv amXr`qanbpsS Imcyw! B-

¿.-Fkv.Fkpw ImtØmenIv _nj∏v Iu-

-knepaSßnb Nne BeØq¿ Im°-

Iƒ sImØns∏dp°n hngpßm≥ ian®v,

sXm-≠bn¬ XS™pt]£n® eu Pnlm-

sZ-∂ IqcênXw IYmcq]Øn¬ ]kn-

≤o-Icn°m≥ amXw XcwXmgv∂XmtWm

sI.-]n tIihtat\m≥ \mbIXzw hl-n-

® amXr`qan BgvN]Xn∏v?

Ign™amkw ]kn≤oIcn® C-µp-

ta-t\ms‚ "acWth´' F∂ IY hmbn®p-

Xo-¿°m≥ IgnbmØh¿°mbn AXns‚

Bibsam∂v ]I¿Øs´.

B¿.Fkv.Fkv IpSpw_Øn¬ P\n-

® kpawKe F∂ s]Ïpńsb ap-kv-

enw-\ma[mcnbmb _jo¿ ]Wbn®v,

Hfnt®mSn hnhmlnXcmbn IpSpw_Po-hn-

Xw \bn°p∂p; tkm\p F∂ aIƒ

P\n°p∂p. AXn\nSbn¬ A¿_pZ-tcm-

Kn-bmb _jo¿ thZ\ G¬-]n-® \ncm-

i-bn¬ BfllXy sNøp∂p. Cusbmcp

XeapdtbmsS IY Igns™∂v I-cp-Xn-

b-h¿°v sX‰n. H∂ntesd XeapdIfpsS

NcnXw ]dbp∂ "CXnlmkßsf t]m-

se IY XpScpIbmWv. "atXXc\mbn'

h-f¿∂ tkm\p ItaW B¿.Fkv.Fkv

Nn¥mKXn°mc\mbn amdp∂p. amXa√,

Xs‚ ]nXmhns‚ eu PnlmsZ∂ NXn

tkm-\p AΩsb t_m[ys∏SpØm≥ i-

an-°p∂p. CXns\ ]Xntcm[n®p \n¬-

°p∂Xn\nsSbmWv kpawKebpw tcm-K-

e-£Wßƒ ]ISn∏n®p XpSßp∂Xv.

X--s‚ ¿Ømhns\ NnIn¬kn® tUm-Iv-

S-sd Xs∂ A¿_pZNnI-n-¬-k-°m-bn kp-

aw-Kebpw kao]n°p∂p. At∏mgmWv

Ah¿°v Iy≥kd√ FbvUvkmsW∂

kXyw t_m[ys∏Sp∂Xv. ¿Øm-hn-s\m-

gn-sI a‰mscbpw kao]n°mØ kpawKe

CXns\Xnsc s]mńsØdn°p∂p. A-

t∏m-gmWv ¿Ømhn\pw A¿_pZa√ Fbv-

Uv-kmbncp∂p tcmKsa∂pw A°mcyw Xp-

d∂p]dbm≥ aSn®mWv _jo¿ B-fl-l-

Xy sNbvXsX∂pw tUmIvS¿ shf-n-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂Xv. amXa√, Xs‚ kplrØpw

Ab¬°mcnbpamb Fenk_Øv F®v.-

sF.-hn _m[n®v acn°m≥ ImcWhpw _-

jo-dmsW∂pw Xs‚ aI≥ ]d™ eu

Pn-lmZv IYIsf√mw kXyamsW∂pw

kpa-wKe Xncn®dnbp∂p.

tkm\phns‚ k¿ń^n°‰pIfn¬ A-

h-\v "PmXnbn√ aXan√' Fs∂gpXnbXv

XncpØn lnµp˛dUym¿ F∂m°W-sa-

∂p-w aIs\, eu PnlmZS°ap≈ NXnI-

ƒ-s°Xnsc t]mcmSp∂ B¿.Fkv.-F- n-

s‚ imJbnte°v Ab°Wsa∂pap≈

kpawKebpsS ]XnImcNn¥tbmsS-bm-

Wv IY Ahkm\n°p∂X.v Cµptat\m-

≥ I-Ybhkm\n∏ns®¶nepw amXr`qan

Xp-ScpIbmWv, sXm´p]ndsI ]kn-≤o-I-

cn-® kpkvtajv Nt¥mØns‚ "Fs‚

aIƒ Hfnt®mSpw apºv' F∂ IYbneqsS;

C\nbpw AXv A`wKpcw XpScpI Xs∂

sNøpw...

ChnsS amXr`qanbS°ap≈ ap-Jy-[m-

2013 tabv 5

cmam[yaßƒ a\ nemt°≠Xv ae-

bm-fnhmb\°m¿ icmicn°p apIfn-em-

sW-∂ hkvXpXbmWv. P∑`qanbpw,

]pWy`qanbpw, IemIuapZnbpw l-t√-ep-

bm amKkn\psa√mw hnfºnb ]gInb

eu PnlmZv ho™v, ioXf]m-\ob-Ip-∏n-

I-fn¬ hnXcWw sNøp∂Xv sIm≠v k-

aq-lØn\v bmsXmcp KpWhpw ]-Xo-£n-

°m-\-n√; amXr`qan°pw.

A\mhiy IW°pIfpw A\mZriy

IfhpIfpw tN¿Øv tIcfØn¬ a-X-kv-

]-¿Z hf¿Øm≥ ian®Xn\memWv sI.-

kn.-_n.knbpw B¿.Fkv.Fkpw AXn\v

Acp \n∂ t]meokv Un∏m¿ vsa‚pw Pp-

Uo-jydnbnse Nne ]qWq¬ [mcnIfpw

ta¬t°mSXnIfm¬ hna¿in°s∏´Xv;

i‡amb mjbn¬ Xm°oXv sNø-s∏- -

Xv. AØcsamcp h¿Kob[phoIcWw

ap∂n¬ I≠psIm≠v Xs∂bmWv a-e-bm-

-fØnse apJy[mcmam[yaßƒ CØcw

]Wb aXwam‰IYIƒs°Xnsc cq-£-

ambn ]XnIcn®Xv. CsX√mw ad∂v ]p-

Xp-Xmbn IS∂ph∂ GXm\pw "Zp¿-\-S-

∏p-Imcp'ambn klib\w \SØp∂Xv

a-ebmfØnse XesbSp∏ps≈mcp ]kn-

-≤oIcWØn\v \mWt°SmWv. amXa√

amXr`qanbpsS NcnXhpw ss]XrIhpw

Adnbp∂ ]_p≤tIcfw amXr`qanbn¬

\n∂v CXntesd ]Xo£n°p∂p≠v. A-

Xp-sIm≠v Zbhmbn...

˛C_v\p sslZ¿

aym≥am¿ hne]n°p∂p...

tdmln¶y≥, Imam≥ apkvenw-Iƒ-s°-

Xn-sc aym≥amdnse AdmIm≥ ]hniy-

bn-¬ \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ Iqcamb hw-

i-lXybpsS hnhcßƒ temI a\pjym-

hImi kwLS\bmb lqa¨ ssd‰vkv

hm®v shfn®Øp sIm≠p-h∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-

Wv. t^kv_p°neqsSbpw tªmKneq-sS-

bpw a‰nXc tkmjy¬ s\‰vh¿°pI-fneq-

sS-bpw "sse°v'"ss^°v' hmZ]Xnhm-Z-

ß-fn¬ amXw Xes]m°nbncp∂ aym-≥-

am-dn-se oIcIq´s°mebpsS sRń°p-

∂ hm¿ØIƒ Gsd°psd F®v B¿.-

U-ªnbpsS hniZoIcWØneqsS ]pdw

temIw Adn™ncn°p∂p.

aym≥amdnse ssk\nI P≠IfpsS

B-io¿hmZtØmsSbpw _p≤aX t\-Xr-

Xz-Øns‚ ]n¥pWtbmsSbpw IqSn sX-

Æq-dpIfn¬ Bcw`n® Iem]w hyXykvX (_m°n t]Pv 47¬)

_p≤aX Kq∏pIƒ Gs‰Sp°pIbpw

kw-LSnXamb D∑qe\Øn\v t\XrXzw

\¬IpIbpamWp≠mbXv.

Ign™ h¿jw Pq¨ amktØmSp

Iq-Sn Xs∂ apkvenwIsf Ducphne°m-

\p-w ]Xntcm[w Xo¿°m\pw Nne _p-

≤-kw-LS\Iƒ ian®ncp∂p CXn\v km-

bp-[cq]w ssIhcnIbmWv Ct∏mgsØ

\o°ØneqsS \S∂Xv. cWIqSØns‚

\nc¥c ]oU\Øn-\n-cbmb -a-\pjym-h-

Im-i kwLS\IfpsS CSs]S¬ aqew

tamNnXbmb˛]Xn]£ t\Xmhv bmMv

km≥ kqNn hsc Cu Icmf kw`hß-

ƒ-s°Xncn¬ ]XnIcn°p∂n√ F∂Xm-

Wv Gsd sRń°p∂Xv. A\oXnbpw A-

k-aXzhpsa√mw Xs‚ sXmen∏pdØv

kv]¿in°ptºmƒ amXw ]k‡am-Ip-

∂ H∂msW∂ XcØnse temIamZcn-

°p-∂-bmfpIƒ hsc amdn Nn¥n°p-tºm-

ƒ, temI kam[m\Øn\mbn aX˛kmw-

kv-Imcn-I˛cmjvSob _ZepIsf Ipdn®v

B-temNnt°≠nbncn°p∂p.

aym≥adnse CcIfpsS A`bm¿Yn

Iym-ºpIfn¬ hsc \nµyamb a\pjy-m-

h-Imi ewL\ßfmWv \S∂psIm≠n-

cn-°p∂Xv F∂XmWv F®v.B¿.Uªyp

Is≠Ønbncn°p∂Xv. qcn]£w t]cpw

]-I¿®hym[nIfpw a‰pw ]nSns] v ac-W-

h‡ØnemWv. AXntesd oIcamWv

tdmln¶y IymºpIfpsS kao]ØmWv,

ssk-\nIhml\ßfn¬ sIm≠phcp∂

sIm√s∏´hcpsS arXtZlßƒ kw-kv-

I-cn°p∂p F∂Xv.

Iem]w \nb¥n°m≥ _m[yÿcm-

b cWIqSØns‚ ]tXyI tk\bmb

tem≥sXbv≥, \kmI Kq∏pIfpw ssk-

\y-˛A¿[ssk\y hn`mKßfpw Iem-]-

Im-cn-Iƒ°v HØmi sNbvXp sImSp°p-

∂ hnhcßfpw F®v.B¿.Uªnbp dn-

t∏m-¿- n¬ ]cma¿in°p∂p≠v.C°mcyw

a\pjymhImiØn¬ hnizkn-°p-∂-h-cn-

¬ Gsd sRépfhm°p∂Xv. AI-aß-

ƒ-°pw A\oXnIƒ°pw aXhpw h¿Khpw

PmXnbpan√. GXv cmPyØpw ]oUnXsc

klmbnt°≠Xp≠v.

aym≥amdnse apkvenwIfpw ioe-¶-

bn-se Xangv hwiPcpsa√mw \oXn A-¿-

ln-°p∂hcmWv. BtKmf hym]Iambn

kam[m\Imw£nIfmb cWm[n-Im-cn-I-

ƒ \SØp∂ kwbp‡ Xocpam\ßƒ

CØcw kabØv KpWIcamhpw. AXn-

\m-bn temIw ap∂nńdßWsa∂ A-t]-

£-tbmsS.

˛X≥kolv Xr∏\®n

atXXcXzØns‚ t]cn¬

"kmwkvImcnI ]cZqjW'ßtfm?

tIcfØnsemcmƒ°v "atX-X-c'-\m-h-

W-sa¶n¬ FX hsc Xcw XmgWw? kz-

¥-w aXØn¬ A\y¿ hna¿in°p∂ apgp-

h-≥ Imcyßfpw icnbmsW∂v kΩ-Xn-

°p-Itbm AhcpsS "icnIƒ'°\pkcn®v

kz¥w hnizmk]amWßƒ "icnbm-°n'-

sb-Sp°pItbm sNbvXm¬ aXntbm? A-

tXm kz¥w aXØnse "sX‰pIƒ' s]m-

Xp ]cnkcØv sh®v hkvXmt£]w sN-

bvXv kΩXn t\SnsbSpt°-≠Xp-t≠m?

B›cyNn”ßfmbn ]cnWan-t°-

≠ ta¬ tNmZyNn”ßƒ Db¿∂phcp-

∂-Xv aebmfØnse Nne B\pImenI-

ß-ƒ ImWptºmgmWv. kz¥w ]nXmhv

kaqlw BZcn®ncp∂ kmlnXy-Imc-\m-

bn F∂Xv Hcp sXs‰m∂pa√. AtX kaq-

l-w X∂n¬ kmlnXyImcs\ ImWm≥

hnêiaw \SØn F∂Xpw sX‰msW-

∂v IcpXm≥ \n¿hmlan√. ]s£, kaq-

l-w ]Xo£n®Xv Xncn®v sImSp°m≥ I-

gn-bm-ØXns‚ t]cn¬ kapZmbw BZcn-

°p-∂Xns\ X√nØI¿Øv "thdn- v tI-

´p-thm Fs∂m®' F∂v Xe shń®v t\m-

°p-∂h≥ sX‰pImc\s√∂v GXv atX-

Xc a\xkm£nbmWv kΩXn®p XcnI!

G]n¬ e°w ]®°pXnc amkn-I-

bn-se Hcp s]m^kdpsS atXXc S∏o-

kp-Iƒ ImWptºmƒ klXm]amWv

tXm-∂p∂Xv. _lp`mcyXzw Ckvemw

tem-IØn\v kw`mh\ sNbvX kmaql-n-

I \nbasam∂pa√. temIØv Ign™v

t]m-b GsXms° aXßfpw \mKcn-I-X-

I-fpapt≠m Ahsb√mw kwibte-i-a-

s\y AwKoIcn®XmWv _lp`mcyXz-sa-

∂-Xv. AXns‚ ]mtbmKnIXbpw ]m-am-

Wn-IXbpw t_m[ys∏Sm≥ apkvenw kap-

Zm-bØns‚ AItØ ]≈nbn¬ P\n-

t°-≠ Imcyan√. Aapkvenw _p≤n-Po-

hn-IfS°w \nch[n t]¿ AwKoIcn®

C-u hkvXpX hniZoIcn°m≥ Chn-sS-

bp-t-±in°p∂pan√.

]s£, AØcw hnhmlßfpsS ]-

›m-Øehpw AXnse tKmkn∏pIfpw Iq-

Sn NnIs™SpsØgpXp∂ "`qX°-Æm-Sn-

2013 tabv 6

Xn-cp-sam-gn-

A_q AZo_v

A[zm-\hpw bmN-\bpw

bmN\ Hcp sXmgn-em-bn amdn-bn-cn-°p-

I-bm-Wv. sshIm-sX Xs∂ bmN-I¿°n-

S-bn¬ sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Ifpw A-

tkm-kn--tb-j-\p-Ifpw cq]-s∏-t´-°mw.

_-kv-Ãm-‚p--I-fnepw sdbn¬th-tÃ-j-\p-

I-fpw D-’-h-∏-d-ºp-Ifpw tIµo-I-cn®v sN-

dn-b Ipń-I-sfbpw AwK-ssh-I-ey-ap-≈-

h-scbpw D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ h≥ bmNI

dm°-‰p--Iƒ ]h-¿-Øn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv CS-

-bv-°n-sS hm¿Ø-I-fm-hm-dp-≠v. hgn-b-cn-

In¬ ac-W-s∏- p-In-S∂ Nne bmN-I-cpsS

`mfi-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v

cq-]-b-S-ßp∂ ]gvkpw e£-ßƒ _me-

≥-kp≈ _m¶v ]m v_p°pw Is≠-Sp-

Øp-sh-∂Xv hni∏v am‰p-hmt\m A\n-hm-

cy-amb a‰v Poh-k-‘m-c-W-ßƒt°m th-

≠n-b-√ ]ecpw bmN-\-bp-ambn \S-°p-

∂-Xv F∂Xv t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Xß-

fpsS ÿncw Gcn-b-bn-te°v a‰v bmN-I-

¿ ]th-in-°p-∂Xv AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-

bm-ØXv sIm≠p≈ hg-°p-Iƒ t]mepw

tIc-f-Ønse Nne \Kc ImgvN-I-fm-Wv.

hoSp-Iƒ tXmdpw Ib-dn-bn-dßn ssI-

\o- p-∂tXm hgn-b-cn-In¬ XpWn hncn-®n-

cn-°p-∂tXm sSbn\p-I-fn¬ Im¿Up-I-fp-

ambn hcp-∂tXm amX-a√; ]XypX X\n-

°-¿l-X-bn-√mØ ]Wtam a‰v hkvXp-

°tfm Xncn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-sa∂ hyh-ÿ-

bn-√msX Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-sX√mw Hc¿Y-

Ø-n¬ bmN-\-bpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ s]Spw.

Hcn-°¬ kmº-ØnI sNe-hp≈ Hcp k-

‘n--bpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ta-s‰-SpØ J-_o-

k klmbw Bh-iy-s∏´v \_nsb

k-ao-]n® kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ]hm-N-I≥

]d™p: J_ok, aq∂v Bfp-Iƒ°-

√m-s-X Hcmƒ°pw `n£m-S\w A\p-h-Z-

\o-b-a-√. 1. DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Gs‰-SpØ hy-

‡n. AXv \nd-th-‰p-∂Xv hsc A-bm-ƒ°v

bm-N\ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. tijw A-Xn-

¬-\n∂v ]n≥am-d-Ww. 2. Hcp AXym-ln-X-

Øn¬s]´v kºØv \jvS-s∏´ hy‡n.

Po-hn-X-am¿Kw kzmb-Ø-am-°p-∂Xv hsc

klm-b-a-`y¿Yn-°¬ Ah\pw A\p-h-Z-

\o-b-am-Wv. 3. ISpØ Zmcn-Zy-Øn¬ AI-

s∏- hy‡n. Xs‚ P\-X-bn¬\n∂v hnth-

I-im-en-I-fmb aq∂v t]¿ Abmƒ ISpØ

Zmcn-Zy-Øn-em-sW∂v km£yw hln-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Abmƒ°pw Po-

hn-X-am¿Kw ssIh-cp-∂Xv hsc bmN\

A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. J_ok, CX-√mØ

as‰√m klm-b`y¿Y-\-Ifpw \njn-≤-am-

Wv. AXn-eqsS Abmƒ £n-°p-∂Xv \n-

jn-≤-hp-amWv.'' (ap-kvenw)

hndIv tiJ-cn®v hn‰n- m-sW-¶nepw bm-

N-\ Hgn-hm-°-W-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n® \_n ,

Btcm-Ky-ap-≠m-bn-cns° sXmgn¬ sNø-

W-sa∂pw bmN\ ]mSn-s√-∂p-ap≈ ktµ-

i-amWv \¬Ip-∂Xv. A\ym-b-ambn bmNn-

°p-∂-h≥ apJØv amwk-an-√m-sX-bm-bncn-

°pw \msf ]c-tem-IØv lmP-cm-°-s∏-

Sp-I-sb∂v lZoYp-I-fn¬ ImWmw. k-º-

Øv h¿[n-°m≥ th≠n bmNn-°p-∂-h≥

Xo-°-\-emWv tNmZn-®p-hm-ßp-∂-sX∂pw

P\-ß-tfmSv H∂pw tNmZn®v hmßn-s√∂v

D-d∏v Xcp-∂-h¿°v kz¿Kw Dd-∏p-X-cm-sa-

∂-pw Ahn-Sp∂v ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

A[zm-\n®v £Ww Ign-°p-∂-Xns‚

a-lXzw \_n ]m[m-\y-]q¿hw ]Tn-∏n-

®p. Hcp-thf At±lw ]d™p: ""kz¥w

ssI-sIm≠v sXmgn¬ sNbvXv £n-°p-

∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ hnin-jvS-amb Blmcw H-

cmfpw Ign-®n- n-√.'' (_p-Jmcn)

ap≥ ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS khn-ti-j-X-

Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ FSp-Øp-]-d™ H-

cp Imcyw Ah-c-[n-Ihpw A[zm-\n®v `-

£-Ww Ign-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh--∂XmWv.

"ZmhqZv ]hm-N-I≥ kz¥w Icw sIm-

≠p-≈ A[zm-\- -e-Øn¬\n∂-√mØ -

£-Ww Ign-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂pw' (_p-Jmcn)

"k-I-cnø \_n Bim-cn-bmbncp∂p-

sh-∂pw' (apkvenw) lZoYp-I-fn-ep-≠v.

bmN-Isc Ifn-bm-°tem H∂pw \-¬-

Im-Xn-cn-°tem hgn-b√ bmN-\sb \ncp-

’m-l-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. \√ \ne-bn¬ A-

h-sc ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-∏n-°m≥ ian-°p-I-

bmWv Ic-Wo-bw. DXv]m-Z-\m-[n-jvTn-X-amb

sNdp-InS sXmgn¬ kwcw-`-ß-fp-≠m°n

A-h-scbpw Inbm-fl-I-ambn kaql ]p-

tcm-K-Xn-bpsS mK-am-°m-\mWv k¿°mcpw

CXc aX -km-aqly klmb tIµ-ßfpw

ian-t°-≠-Xv.

kpss_¿ C_v\p A∆man¬\n∂v \nth-Z\w: \_n ]d™p: \nß-fn-sem-cmƒ Ib-

sd-SpØv ae-bn¬ t]mbn Xs‚ apXp-In¬ Hcp sI´v hndIp Npa∂v sIm≠p-h∂v AXv

hn‰p In´p∂ Imip-sIm≠v Abm-fpsS A`n-am\w A√mlp kwc-£n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬

AXmWv P\-ß-tfmSv bmNn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Abmƒ°v DØ-aw. P\-ßƒ Abmƒ°v

\¬Ip-Itbm \ntj-[n-°p-Itbm sNømw. (_p-Jm-cn)

2013 tabv 7

hna¿i-\-ßsf a[p-c-ap-≈-Xm-°n-Øo¿°pI

"Bfp-I-fpsS hna¿i-\-ß-sfbpw \nµ-sbbpw ]q¿W-ambn C√m-Xm-°m-\m-Ip-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂-

h¿ _p≤n-iq-\y-cm-Wv. hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambn Imcy-ßsf hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw kz¥sØ AXn-\-\p-

kr-X-ambn k÷o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿, P\-ßƒ ]pI-gvØp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Bkz-Zn-°pI

hna¿in-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. P\-ßƒ \ymb-amb coXn-bn-emWv ]iw-kn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬t]mepw AXv

Xm≥ Adn-bp-∂-Xp-aqew X\n°v Xs∂°pdn-®p -Xs∂ aXn∏v h¿[n-∏n°p-Ibpw AXv Xs‚ \∑-

I-fpsS aqeyw Ipd-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvtX°mw F∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wn-Xv. P\-ßƒ A\ym-b-amb coXn-

bn¬, A¿l-X-s∏-SmØ Imcy-Øn-emWv ]iw-kn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv Xm≥ Adn-bp-∂-Xp-aqew

bYm¿Y-a-√mØ Hcp Imcy-sØ-s®m√n X\n°v A\ym-b-amb kt¥m-j-ap-≠m-hp-Ibpw AXv Hcp

henb Xn∑-bmbn Xocp-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. AtX-k-abw P\-ßƒ \ymb-

ambn hna¿in-°p-Ibpw Xm≥ AXv Adn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-aqew Xs‚ sX‰pIsf°dn®v kzbw

a\ nem°phm\pw Xm≥ hna¿in°s∏Sp∂ Imcyßfn¬ \n∂v Hgn™v \n¬°phm\pw Hcmƒ°v

km[n°pw. CXv Xo¿®bmbpw alØmb `mKyw Xs∂bmWv; sX‰pImc\√msX B `mKyw

Dt]£n°m\mhpIbn√. A\ymbamb coXnbn¬ hna¿in°s∏SpIbpw AXv Xm≥ AdnbpIbpw

sNbvXn´pw £a Ah-ew-_n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ £abpw kl-\hpw hgn IqSp-X¬ ]Xn- ew e`n-

°p-∂-h-\m-bn-Øo-cp-hm≥ X\n°v Ign-bp-a-t√m. A\ym-b-ambn hna¿in-°p-∂-h-cpsS Nne \√

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ]Xn-^-ehpw Abmƒ°v e`n-°p-a-t√m. G‰-hp-a-[nIw c£ Bh-iy-ap≈

\ymb-hn[n \mfn¬ Ch Abmƒ°p≈ k¬I¿a-ß-fmbn FÆ-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. Xm≥ ]h¿Øn-

°p-Itbm ]h¿Øn-°m-\mbn ]bm-k-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNømØ \∑-bpsS ]Xn- ew e`n-°pIsb∂-

Xns\ sNdp-Xmbn ImWpI hnUv-Vn-Iƒ amX-am-Wv. P\-ßƒ Abm-sf-°p-dn®v ]iw-kn-®mepw

Cs√-¶nepw AXv Abmƒ Adn-bm-Øn-S-tØm-fw-Imew Abmƒ°v AXp-sIm≠v KpWtam tZmjtam

D-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. F∂m¬ hna¿i-\-Øns‚ ÿnXn AX-√. AXv Abmƒ Adn-™mepw Cs√-¶n-epw

Abmƒ°v KpW-I-c-am-Wv. Fß-s\-bm-sW-¶nepw AXv Abmƒ°v ]Xn- ew t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p.'

lnPvd A©mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn® ]kn≤ A¥-eq-kn-b≥ apkvenw _p≤n-Pohn Camw A_q

apl-ΩZv C_v\p lk-ans‚ InØm_p¬ AJvemJp hkv-kn-bm¿ o apZm-hmØp \p^qkv F-∂

KŸ-Ønse, "A¬ AJvep hdml' F∂ mKØv ]iw-k-sbbpw hna¿i-\-sØ-bpw-Ip-dn®v ]-cm-

a¿in-°p-tºmƒ Camw ]d™ apI-fn-esØ hcn-Iƒ F°m-e-Øp-ap≈ ]t_m-[-I¿°v shfn®w

\¬Ip-∂-h-bm-Wv. ]iwk CjvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hna¿i\w shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-sb∂ am\p-jn-I-am-

b kzm`m-hn-IX a\pjya\- p-Isf Akz-ÿhpw Aim-¥-hp-am-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw ]kvXpX A-

im-¥n-bn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-hm-\p≈ G‰hpw \√ acp∂v A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn-°p-th≠n Po-hn--°p-

I-bm-sW∂pw ka¿Yn-®p-sIm-≠mWv Camw C_v\p lkw apI-fn¬ ]d™ \nco-£-W-ßƒ \-S-

Øp-∂-Xv. P\ß-fpsS ]iwk BK-ln-°p-Ibpw hna¿i\w `b-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°v A-h-¿

Adn-bmsX kz¥w k¬I¿a-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv sNøp-∂-sX∂pw AØ-c-°m-¿-°v B-flm-¿Y-

ambn A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn amXw Imw£n-®p-sIm≠v I¿a-ßƒ sNøp-hmt\m A-ßs\ kz-Po-

hnXw ]Im-i-am-\-am-°p-ht\m Ign-bn-s√∂ hkvXp-X-bn-te-°mWv Camw ChnsS sh-fn®w hoip-∂-Xv.

A√m-lp-hns‚ aXw a‰p-≈-h¿°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ah-cp-ambn kwh-Zn-°p-Ibpw

sNøm≥ ]cn-i-an-°p-∂-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ah¿ sNøp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf√mw A√m-

lp-hns‚ ]oXn amXw Dt±-in-®p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ≠ _m[y-X-bp-≠v. Bfp-I-fpsS

]iwk BK-ln-°p-Ibpw Biw-k-Iƒ Imw£n-°p-Ibpw IøSn ]Xo-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-

]-Xm-[n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-

2013 tabv 8

h¿°v ]e-t∏mgpw kXyw Xpd-∂p-]-d-bm≥ Ign-™p-sIm-≈-W-sa-∂n-√. A√mlp amX-amWv Bcm-[y-

s\∂v ]t_m-[\w sNøp-∂-hsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw krjvSn-]q-P-bpsS \nc¿Y-IX t_m[y-s∏-Sp-tØ-

≠n-h-cnI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. krjvSn]qP-I-cp-sSbpw AXns\ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-sSbpw BZ¿i-]-c-amb

sh-dp∏v kºm-Zn-®p-sIm-≠-√msX kXy-k-‘-ambn kXy-aX ]t_m-[\w \n¿h-ln-°p-hm-\m-hp-I-bn-s√-∂-

¿Yw. ]t_m-[n-X-cpsS \∑ Imw£n-®p-sIm≠pw tam£w BK-ln-®p-sIm-≠p-amWv kXy-Øn-te°v A-h-

sc £Wn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw ]iw-k-bm-hp-I-bn-√, A`n-iw-kbmbncn°pw ]t_m-[-I¿°v t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cn-I-

sb-∂v ]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-sb√mw NcnXw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS hy‡nPo-hn-X-Øn¬ aXn-

∏p-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬t]mepw Ahsc hna¿in-°p-Ibpw \nµn-°p-Ibpw sNøm-\mWv ]t_m-[nXkaqlw

samØ-Øn¬ XømdmbXv F∂ hkvXpX \¬Ip∂ ]mTw hne-s∏ -Xm-Wv. hy‡n-]-c-ambn FX-Xs∂ \-

∑-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-h-cm-sW-¶nepw kXyw ]d-bm≥ N¶q‰w ImWn-°p-∂-h¿°v hna¿i-\-ßfpw \nµbpw

t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-sa∂ ]mTw; Cu ]mTw bYm-cq-]-Øn-¬ Dƒs°m-≈m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ]iw-k-Iƒ amXw

B-K-ln-°p-Ibpw hna¿i-\-ßƒ shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. ]iw-k-I-f-√, hna¿i-

\-ß-fmWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn- Imw-£n-°p-∂-h¿ BK-ln-°p-I-sb∂ C_v\p lk-an-

s‚ \nco-£Ww ]k-‡-am-Ip-∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv.

]iw-k-Iƒ tIƒ°m≥ BK-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw hna¿i-\-ßsf b-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-¿-

°v amXsa bYm-cq-]-Øn¬ Ckv-em-ans\ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw If-¶-te-i-an-√mØ XuloZv ]t_m-[-

\w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøm-\m-Iq-sh-∂mWv ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS NcnXw \¬Ip∂ ]mTw.

kz¥-°mcpw CjvS-s∏- -h-cp-amWv _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\bpsS h‡m-°fpw ]tbm-‡m-°fpw \ymbo-I-cn-

°p-∂hcp-sa-∂-sXm∂pw Xs∂ ]t_m-[-\-ho-Yn-bn¬ N¶q-‰-tØmsS \ne-\n¬°p-hm≥ ]hm-N-I≥am¿°v

XS- -am-bn- n-√. F°m-e-sØbpw XuloZn]t_m-[-I¿°v amXr-I-bmb C_mlnw \_n -bpsS i‡-

\m-b hna¿i-I\pw FXn-cm-fnbpw kz¥w ]nXm-hp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. kz¥w _oP-Øn¬ ]nd∂ ]p-

X-≥ FXn-cm-fn-bm-bp-s≠-∂Xv \qlv \_n -sbtbm kz¥-tØm-sSm∏w InS-∏d ]¶n-Sp-∂-h¿ Xn∑-bpsS

]£-Øp-s≠-∂Xv eqXzv \_n -sbtbm BZ¿i ]t_m-[\cwK-Øp-\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-®n-ń-√. ]nXr-hy-

\m-b A_q-e-l_v i‡-amb hna¿i-\-ß-fp-ambn cwK-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xpw Xs∂ kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw Xm-

ßm-bn \n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂tXmsSm∏w Xs∂ Xs‚ hna¿i-I-tcm-sSm∏w Bi-b-∏m-b-bn¬ InS-°p-∂-

h-\mWv Xs‚ as‰mcp ]nXr-hy-\mb A_q-Xm-en_v F∂Xpw A¥na ]hm-N-I-s\ Gsd ZpxJn∏n-®n-cp-

∂p-sh-¶nepw BZ¿i-]-t_m-[\cwKØv A¬]-sa-¶nepw hn´phogvN sNøp-hm≥ ]tNm-Zn-∏n-®n- n-√. Xs‚

\m¬]Xv hb- p-hsc Xt∂m-sSm∏w D≠m-hp-Ibpw Xs∂ A¬- -A-ao≥ F∂v hnfn®p ]iw-kn-°p-Ibpw

Xs∂ hna¿in-°p-hm≥ Bscbpw A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-h¿ X-s∂-bmWv Xm≥ kXyw

Dds° ]d-™p-sh-∂-Xn-\m¬ Xs‚ \nµ-Icpw hna¿i-I-cp-am-bn-Øo¿∂-sX∂ Imcyw, kXyw ]d-bp-∂-

Xn¬ sNdn-b -tXm-Xn-se-¶n-ep-ap≈ hn´p-hogvN sNøp-hm≥ apl-ΩZv \_nsb t]cn-∏n-®n- n-√. ]iw-k-I-

ƒ BK-ln-°p-Ibpw hna¿i-\-ßsf b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°v ]hm-N-I≥amcpsS ]n≥ap-d-°m-cm-Im-

≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-s√∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂-XmWv ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsSsb√mw ]t_m-[\Ncn-Xw.

Ckv-em-an-Im-Z¿i-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ hna¿i-\-ßƒ°v ]am-W-_-≤hpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-hp-amb adp-]Sn \-

¬Ip-hm≥ N¶q‰w ImWn-°p-tºmgpw X\n-s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb hna¿i-\-ßsf Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw

kzmK-X-tam-Xp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-\m-bn-cn°pw kXy-hn-izm-kn-sb∂ C_v\p-l-k-ans‚ \nco-£Ww Gsd it≤-

b-am-Wv. X\n-s°-Xnsc \S-°p∂ hna¿i-\-ßƒ Xm≥ Adn-™mepw Cs√-¶nepw X\n°v Kp-W-I-c-am-sW∂v

a\- n-em-°p-∂-bmƒ Hcn-°epw Xs∂ hna¿i-\-ßƒ°v apºn¬ Icn-™p-t]m-hp-I-bn-√. hna¿i-\-ßƒ

kXy-k-‘-am-sW-¶n¬, Xs∂ Xncp-Øp-hm-\p≈ kph¿Wm-h-k-c-am-bmWv Abmƒ AXns\ ImWp-I. Xm\-

dn-bmsX h∂-p - -hn® sX‰p-Isf Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-hm≥ k∑-\ v ImWn-®-bm-fmbn hna¿i-Is\ ImWp-I-

bpw, sX‰p-Iƒ ]c-ky-am-°msX KpW-Imw-£-tbmsS Xs∂ Xncp-Øn-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ F∂v BK-ln-°p-I-bp-

amWv AØ-cw hna¿i-\-ßƒ tIƒ°p-tºmƒ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ sNøp-I. hna¿i-\-ßƒ kXy-k-‘-a-s√-

¶n¬, Xs∂ \nµn-°p-Ibpw A]-Io¿Øn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n amXw ]S-°-s∏- -Xm-sW-

¶n¬t]mepw Ah-tbmSv Inbm-fl-I-ambn ]XnIcn°p-∂-h-\m-bn-cn°pw kXy-hn-izm-kn. Xm≥ Hcn-°epw

]Xo-£n-°mØ Xc-Øn¬ ]Xo-£n-°m-Ø-h-cn¬\n∂v Iqc-amb \nµbpw A n-iw-k-bp-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒt]mepw

Ah-tbmSv kwlm-cm-fl-I-ambn ]Xn-I-cn®v Xs‚ Ckv-em-anI hy‡n-XzsØ If-¶-s∏-Sp-Øm-sX, kwb-a-

\hpw £abpw ]men®v Ah-bv°p-≈ A√m-lp-hns‚ ]Xn- ew Imw£n-°p-I-bmWv hnizmkn sNøp-I.

AtXmsSm-∏w-X-s∂, Xm≥ sNømØ sX‰n\v Xs∂ Iqin-°p-∂h¿ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw sNbvXn-

´p≈ k¬I¿a-ßƒt]mepw X\n°v KpW-I-c-am-bmWv hn-°p--I F∂ Xncn-®-dnhpw hna¿in-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns\

a[p-c-X-c-amb A\p- -h-am-°n-Øo¿°p-I-bmWv sNøp-I. ]iw-k-Iƒ BK-ln-°p-Itbm hna¿i-\-ßsf b-

°p-Itbm sNømsX kXy-aX ]t_m-[-\-sa∂ ZuXyw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-h¿°mWv A√m-lp-hns‚ Xr]vXn°v

]mXam-Ip-hm≥ Ign-bpI. AXn\v A√mlp A\p-K-ln-°-s -. (B-ao≥)

2013 tabv 9

]n.hn.F ]nwtdmkv

""\mw kXy\njvTcmbncn°Ww. \ΩpsS ]Øn¬ HºXv mKw

D-u¿Phpw sNehgn°s∏Sp∂Xv \ma√mØXv \mamsW∂v

P\ßsf hnizkn∏n°m≥ th≠nbmWv. \mw BtI≠Xn\v th-

≠n- B Du¿Pw sNe hgn°s∏´m¬ AXmWv t\cmb hgn°p≈

sN-ehnS¬.'' (kzman hnthIm\µ≥)(1)

""Bscbpw shdp°cpXv; Xn∑sb FXn¿°cpXv F∂v ]dbm≥

h-fsc Ffp∏amWv. F∂m¬ B D]tZiw km[mcWbmbn ]-

tbm-KØn¬ Fßs\bncn°psa∂v \ap°dnbmw. P\-k-ap-Zm-b-

Øn-s‚ Zr„n \ΩpsS ta¬ ]Xn™ncn°ptºmƒ, \mw ]pdsa

Xn-Xn£ \Sn®psh∂v hcmw. F∂m¬ B kabaXbpw \ΩpsS

lr-Zbw \odpIbmbncn°pw. CXv Im]SyamWv, ]tbm-P-\-an-√m-

Ø-XmWv.'' (kzman hnthIm\µ≥)(2)

hnthIm\µ\pw k¿haX kXyhmZhpw

XΩnse¥v?

2013 tabv 10

kzmanhnthIm\µs‚ 150mw P∑hm-

¿-jn-ItØmSp\p_‘n®v Hcp h¿jw \o-

≠p-\n¬°p∂ hnhn[ßfmb ]cn]m-Sn-

I-ƒ mcXsam´p°pw \S∂psIm-≠n-cn-°p-

I-bmWv. P∑hm¿jnIØnse A°ß-

fp-sS khntijXtb°mtfsd hnthIm-

\-µs‚ P∑hm¿jnIsØ cmPyØv Pzen-

∏n-®v \n¿Øp∂ ][m\ LSIw B-k-

∂-amb ]m¿esa‚ v Xncs™Sp∏mWv. A-

S-pØnsS \S∂ Nne cW\-S]-Sn-I-fn-eq-

sS XßfpsS atXXc ]XnOmbt°‰

I-f-¶w ambv®p Ifbm≥ cWI£nbpw,

Ip-d®pImeambn ]®°v ]ISamhp∂ X-

ß-fpsS P∑sshIrXamb Xohln-µp-Xz-

sØ ad®p ]nSn°m≥ ]Xn]£ I£n-

bp-w kzmanbpsS P∑hm¿jnIsØ Iq´p-

]n-Sn°p∂Xp sIm≠v Xs∂ CtXm-S\-p-

_-‘n®p≈ _lphn[]cn]mSnIfm¬

kº∂amWv mcXØns‚ aX˛cmjvSo-

b-˛kmaqln-I˛kmwkvImcnI ]cnkcw.

k¿haX kXymhmZØns‚ k¿hIme

h-‡mhmbn Hcp Iq´¿ kzmansb ]pIgv-

-Øp-tºmƒ adp]£Øv atXXchmZnbpw

arZplnµpXzhmZnbpambmWv Db¿Øn-°m-

´p-∂Xv.

h¿Kob˛atXXc ap∂WnIƒ°v ]pd-

sa h¿Kob hncp≤ FgpØpImcpw CSXp-

]-£ klbmXnIcpw hsc hnthIm-\-

µ-s\ k¿h aX kvt\lnbmbn´mWv hne-

bn-cpØmdv. "F√m aXßfpw Xpey ]cnK-

W-\-b¿ln°p∂Xpw' "]ckv]c kaXz-

am-Wv aXßƒ°nSbn¬ th≠sX∂pw'

hn-iz-kn®bmfmbncp∂p kzman hnthIm-

-\-µ≥ F∂mWv NcnXcN\bn¬ ]e-

t∏m-gpw heXp]£sØ hna¿in°p-I-

bp-w am¿IvknÃv Nn¥mKXn ]Ncn∏n°p-

I-bpw sNøp∂ NcnXImc\pw ap≥ sP.-

F-≥.-bp NcnXhn`mKw A[ym]I\pamb

sI.F≥ ]Wn°¿ Zn lnµp Zn\]-X-Øn-

¬ CubnsS FgpXnbXv. "kwLv]cn-hm-

dn-s‚ ]XybimkvXw aXkv]¿Zbn¬

\nesIm≠XmsW¶n¬, hnthIm-\-µ-t‚-

Xv sFIyØn\pw kaXzØn-\pw th-≠n-

bp-≈XmsW∂pw'(3) At±-lw hy-‡am-

°p-∂p.

bYm¿YØn¬, hnthIm\µ Pohn-X-

sØ kaKamsbSpØp t\m°nbm¬, A-

t±-lØns‚ cN\IsfSpØv ]T\w \-S-

Øn-bm¬ k¿haXkXyhmZsØtbm

arZp-lnµpXzhmZsØtbm PohnX-Øn-sem-

cn-°epw At±lw BZ¿iambn sIm≠p-

\-S-∂ncp∂n√ F∂v hy‡amWv. D≈n¬

auenIhmZsØ ]qPn°pIbpw ]pdta°v a-tX-

Xc-XzsØ ]p¬IpIbpw sNøp∂h¿ kµ¿`hpw

kmlNcyhpw ]cnKWn°msX At±lØns‚

hN\ßsf AS¿ØnsbSpØmWv ]et∏mgpw, k-

¿-haXkXyhmZØns‚ h‡mhmbn At±lsØ

AhXcn∏n°mdv. ChnsS ]tXyIw i≤nt°≠

hkvXpX Xm≥ Hcp k¿haXkXyhmZnbmbn A-

dn-bs∏SWsa∂v At±lw Ft∏msg¶nepw A`ne-

jn-®ncpt∂m F∂XmWv. tImUoIcn°s∏´ cN-

\-Ifpw ]`mjWßfpw ]cntim[n®m¬ Xo¿®-

bm-bpw ]dbm≥ Ignbpw AØcsamcp Btcm-

]n-X hnip≤nbnbn¬ A`ncan°m≥ BK-ln-®n-

cp-∂ Bfmbncp∂n√ hnthIm\µ≥ F∂v amX-

a-√ adn®v, AsXmcp Im]SyamsW∂v t]mepw

hn-iz-kn®ncp∂psh∂mWv At±lØns‚ cN-\-

I-ƒ \¬Ip∂ km£yw.

k¿haX kXyhmZw F∂Xv Hcp ip≤-I-f-

hm-Wv. ]q¿W I]S\√mØ Hcmƒ°pw k¿h-a-

X-kXyhmZsØ ]n¥pW°m\mhn√. H∂pw H-

∂pw Iqńbm¬ H∂msW∂pw c≠msW∂pw A-

©m-sW∂pw hnizkn°m\pw hmZn°m\pw Hcm-

ƒ-°v AhImiap≠v. F∂m¬, H∂pw c≠pw A-

©pw AXns‚ icnbpØcßsf∂v ]dbp∂h¿

H-∂pIn¬ X\n I]S∑mtcm As√¶n¬ \ne]m-

Sp-clnXtcm Bbncn°pw. CXv Xs∂bmWv aXZ-

¿-i\ßsf Ipdn®p≈ ]T\ØneqsS hnthIm-

\-µ\pw FØnt®¿∂n´p≈Xv.

Ahn`‡ C¥ysb G‰hpw IqSpX¬ kzm-

[o-\n® Zm¿i\nIcn¬ ]apJ\pw ]mtbmKnI

Po-hnXamXrIsf IrXyambn \n¿hNn®hcn¬ ]-

[m-\nbpamWv kzman hnthIm\µ≥. arX-]m-b-

am-b sslµhZ¿i\ßsf Xs‚ DPzeamb ]-

`m-jW]mShw sIm≠v ]p\cp÷ohn∏n°pIbpw

Hcp thf ctWm’pI lnµpXzØn\v awKf]Xw

D≈n¬ auenIhmZsØ ]q-

Pn-°pIbpw ]pdta°v atX-

X-cXzsØ ]p¬IpIbpw

sN-øp-∂h¿ kµ¿`hpw km-

l-Ncyhpw ]cnKWn°msX

hnthIm\µs‚ hN-\-ß-

sf AS¿Øn-sbSp-Øm-Wv

]et∏mgpw, k¿haX-kXy-

hm -ZØns‚ h‡mhmbn

At±lsØ AhX-cn∏n-°m-

dv. ChnsS ]tXyIw i≤n-

t°-≠ hkvXpX Xm≥ Hcp

k-¿haXkXyhmZnbmbn A-

dn-bs∏SWsa∂v At±lw

F-t∏msg¶nepw A`ne-jn-

®n-cpt∂m F∂XmWv.

2013 tabv 11

\¬IpIbpw sNbvX kzman hnthIm-\-

µ-s\, AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ k¿h-aX-k-

Xy-hmZØns‚ h‡mhmbn "XcwXm-gv-Øp-

∂-Xv' A]Iam\IcamWv. a‰paXßƒ X-

ß-fpsS Z¿i\ßfmWv icnsb∂pw,

ASnÿm\mibßfn¬ _m°-n-bp-≈-h-

sb-√mw s]m≈bmsW∂pw ka¿-Yn-°p-

∂-Xv aX]t_m[\Øns‚ `mKam-sW-

¶n-¬ kzmanhnthImµ\pw AXn\v A[n-

Im-cap≠v. AXt±lw ka¿Yambn \n¿-

h-ln®n´pap≠v. k¿haXk-Xyhm-ZØn-

s‚- "]iwkm Xp∏p\ocn¬' apßnt∏mb

A-t±lØns‚ Z¿i\ßsf apßnsbSp-

Øv P\ka£w ka¿∏n°m≥ ian°p-

I-bmWv Cu teJ\ØneqsS.

hnthIm\µs‚ "amXmhpw' "ktlmZ-

co- ktlmZc∑mcpw'

ùXnIXbpsSbpw ]utcmln-Xy-Øn-

s‚-bpw Ańt∏dpIƒ°Snbn¬ s] v Du-

¿≤-izmkw hen®ncp∂ 19mw \q‰m≠ns‚

]cZiIßfnse lnµp \thm∞m\-Øn-

\v arXkRvPohn\nbmbn h¿Øn®Xv hn-

th-Imµ\mbncp∂p. Htckabw ssIkv-

X-h anjWdnam¿ lnµpXzØn\v t\sc

\SØns°m≠ncn°p∂ hna¿i\ßsf

ê]Zambn ]Xntcm[n°pIbpw A-tXm-

--sSm∏w Xs∂ kz¥w aXØnse ]mtbm-

Kn-I ]iv\ßsf c‡w s]mSnbmsX

ikvXInbsNbvXp t\scbm-°p-I-bp-am-

bn-cp∂p At±lØn\v apºnep≈ mcn®

DØchmZnØw.

1895 s^_phcn 15\v \yqtbm¿°nse

sl-bv¬ ZºXnam¿°b® IhnXm--cq-]-Øn-

e-p≈ IØn¬ AssZzX thZm¥Øn¬

DZmØm-h-ÿ ]m]n®h\msW∂v Xms\∂v A-

t±-lw Xp-d-∂v ]dbp∂p≠v. Cu e£y]q¿-Øo-

I-c-W-Øn-\m-Wv io cmaIrjvW ]calwksc

Xs‚ Kp-cphm-bn kzoIcn°p∂Xpw InkvXphpw

t]m-fpw t]m-se "]Imiw ]cØp∂ CSnap-g-°-

°m-c\mbn' kzbw Adnbs∏´Xpw. AssZzX th-

Zm¥Øn¬ DƒtN¿∂ Z¿i\hpambmWv At±lw

lnµpXz-sØ kao]n®Xv. lnµpaXw k¿-h-a-X-

ß-fn¬ \n-∂v n∂hpw G‰hpw DZmØ-hp-amsW-

∂m-bncp∂p At±lw hnizkn®ncp∂Xv. 1853 sk-

]v-Xw_¿ 11\v Nn°mtKmbnse temI aX-]m-¿-e-

sa-‚n¬ sh®v "Atacn°bnse ktlm-Z-co-˛k-

tlm-Zc∑mtcmSv' \SØnb NcnX]kn≤amb ]-

kw-KØn¬t]mepw "lnµpaXw k¿h-a-X-ß-fp-sS-

b-pw amXmhv' F∂ hntijWtØmSv IqSnbmWv

A-tZlw ]`mjWamcw`n°p∂Xv. Xs∂.

""lnµp aXamWv temIsØ klnjvWpXbpw

km¿heuInIamb kzoImckz`mhhpw ]Tn∏n®,

Ct∏mgpw ]Tn∏n®p sIm≠ncn°p∂ aXw F∂

h-kvXpXbnte°mWv ]mamWnIXsb sNm√n-bp-

≈ Cu AhImihmZw sIńbncn°p∂Xv. lnµp-

aXw klnkjvWpXbn¬ hnizkn°pI amXa√

F-√m aXßfnsebpw kXysØ AwKoIcn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂p. hmfpsImt≠m XqenIsImt≠m

A-Xv Hcn°epw Bscbpw th´bmSnbnń√. hmkv-

X-hØn¬ AXv th´bmSs∏´ hn`mKßƒ°v

A`bw \¬IpIbmWv sNbvXn´p≈Xv. AXns‚

k-tµiw hn`mKobXbv°pw aX`m¥n\pw aX-au-

enIhmZØn\pw ]‰nb adpacp∂mWv.''(4)

"a‰paXßƒk¿haXßfpsSbpw amXmhmb

lnµpaXhpambn XmcXayw sNbvXm¬ inip°ƒ

amXw. Ahsc√mw Hcp A¥amb skan\mdn¬

]¶mfnIfmWv. AXn¬ lnµpaXamWv BNmcy≥

(Syq´¿); as‰√m aXßfpw injycpw (Syqókv).'

F-∂mWv At±lw ]kvXpX ]kwKØneqsS

k-a¿Yn°m≥ ian®Xv.

1893 sk]vXw_¿ 19\v \SØnb aX]m-¿-e-

sa-‚ v ]kwKØnepw CtX Bibw Xs∂bmWv

ImWm≥ IgnbpI. "ag Xcm\pw A∂∂sØ A-

∏w In´m\pw ]m¿Yn°p∂Xn¬ uXnIhmZw Np-

h-bv°p∂p' F∂v ]d™ hnthIm\µ≥ a‰pa-

X-ßfpsS ap∂n¬ Xs‚ aXw PmPzeamsW∂p

am-Xa√ a‰p≈hsb√mw uXnI]aØX _m[n-

®-XmsW∂pw ka¿Yn°m≥ ian®p.

""lnµpaXw HgnsI as‰√m aXßfpw A-h-

bp-sS ÿm]IcpsStbm ]hmNIcpsStbm N-cn-

X-]camb D◊sb Bibn®ncn°p∂p. CXv A-

\n-hmcyambpw kwL´\Ønte°v \-bn-°p-∂p''(5)

""]hmNI]mcºcysØ \ntj[n® hn-th-Im-

\-µ≥ ]hmNI∑mcpsS e£ysØ Xs∂ Ifn-

bm-°p∂p. ""F√m ]hmNI∑mcpw ]pdØv \n∂v,

kzmanhnthIm\µs\ k-¿-

h-aXkXyhmZØns‚ h-

‡m-hmbn "Xcw-Xm-gv-Øp-∂-

Xv ' A]Iam\IcamWv. a-‰p-

a-Xßƒ XßfpsS Z¿i\-ß-

fmWv icnsb∂pw, ASn -

ÿm-\mibßfn¬ _m°n-

bp-≈hsb√mw s]m-≈bm-

sW-∂pw ka¿Yn°p∂Xv a-

X-]t_m[\Øns‚ `m-K-a-m-

sW-¶n¬ kzmanhnthIm-µ-

\p-w AXn\v A[nImcap≠v.

AXt±lw ka¿Yambn \n¿-

h-ln®n´pap≠v.

2013 tabv 12

AXmbXv uXnItemIØv \n∂v, ]Xn-

-ew Imw£n°m≥ _mlyamb Dt±-iy-

ßfm-¬ t]cnXcmbncp∂p. AhcpsS m-

j AXnKwòcambncp∂ncn°mw; ]t£,

A-hcpsS Dt±iyßƒ AXy[nIw kw-i-

b-Icambncp∂p.''(6)

Hcp thf Cu kwibIcamb DtZ-

iy-ßsf ]Xntcm[nt°≠ Xe-Øn-te-

°v At±lØns‚ Z¿i\ßƒ hg-n-am-dp-

∂p-≠v.

"\nßƒ°v sX‰p]‰nsb∂v F\n°v

tXm-∂nbn´pw Rm≥ \nßsf Pohn°m-\-

\p-hZn°p∂p F∂p≈XmWv klnj-Wp-

X'(7)sb∂v hymJym\n®, "a‰p aXØns‚

Cuizcs\ tami°mc\m°p∂Xv kz¥w

Cuizcs\ tami°mc\m°p∂Xn\v Xp-

ey-amWv' F∂v ]d™, "ap≥Ime aX-

ß-fn-se Cuizcs\ Rm≥ ]qPn°p∂p

A-h¿ Fßns\ ]qPn°p∂pthm, B cq-

]-Øn¬'(8) F∂v hnizkn® hnthIm-\-

µ-s‚ hnimea\kvIX ]Xps° kl-

\-Øns‚ AXncpIƒ \n›bn°p-∂Xm-

Wv ]n∂oSv ImWp∂Xv.

""]t£, BfpIƒ h∂v "CXpamX-

am-Wv hgn' F∂v ]d™v C¥ybn¬ \-

ap-°p-ta¬ AXv ASnt®¬]n°m≥ ian-

°p-tºmƒ \ap°v Hcp hm°v ]dbm\p-

≠v-. \mw Ahsc t\m°n Nncn°p∂p.

Cu-izc\nte°v Hcp hyXykvX am¿-

KØn-eqsS k©cn°p∂Xmbn ImWp∂p

F∂ ImcWØm¬ XßfpsS k-tlm-Z-

c-∑msc \in∏n°Wsa∂v B-K-ln-°p-

∂-h¿˛AØc°m¿ t]asØ∏‰n kw-

km-cn°p∂Xv Akw_‘amWv.''(9)

CØcw kabßfn¬ Xn∑ sNømXn-

cn-°p-∂Xv Xs∂bmWv \√sX¶nepw AXy-¥n-

I-ambn Xncn®Sn®ns√¶n¬ AXmWv ]m]Øn\v

Im-cWamIpI F∂v cmjvSkpc£bpsS B-\p-

Iq-eyØn¬, a\pkvarXnbpsS AIºSntbmsS hy-

‡-am°p∂p≠v At±lw

""lnµp KŸßƒ ]dbp∂p: ""\n- w-i-b-am-

bp-w tam£w [¿asØ°mƒ DXvIrjvSw Xs∂;

]-t£, BZyw [¿aw \ndth‰Ww. AhnS-Ø-s∂-

bm-Wv _p≤m\pbmbnIƒ Bib°pg∏-Ønemb-

X-pw ]e hnIrXnIfpw ImWn®Xpw. \ncp]ZhXzw

i-cnbmWv "Xn∑ sNømbvI' Hcp alØmb Imcyw

Xs∂. Chsb√mw henb XØzßfmWv. ]t£,

imkvXßƒ ]dbp∂p: ""\o Hcp Krlÿ\mWv,

\n-s∂ Bsc¶nepw IhnfØSn®m¬ \o IÆn\p

I-Æv, ]√n\p ]√v F∂ \ymtb\ Xncn®p \-¬-

In-bns√¶n¬ \o ]m]nbmIpw F∂pd∏v.'' a\p

]d-bp∂p: ""Hcph≥ \ns∂s°m√m≥ h∂m¬

Ahs\, Ah≥ _m“W\msW¶n¬ t]mepw

sIm-√p∂Xv ]m]a√.''(a\p 8:350) CXv hfsc i-

cnbmWv CXmWv ad°cpXmØ Imcyhpw.''(10)

C°mcyw Duńbpd∏n°pIbpw Ccń-°n-c´-n-

bm-bn ]XnImcw sNøWsa∂pw At±lw A\p-

im-kn°p∂p. ""Hcph\v HcSn Inńbm¬ Ah\Xv

C-cń tIm[tØmsS ]sØÆambn Xncn®p-sIm-

Sp-°Ww. F¶nse Ahs\mcp ]pcpj\mIq... o-

cp klXm]m¿Z\mb Hcp hkvXphmWv.''(11)

Cusbmcp Imcykm[yØn\v imcocnI Zu-¿-

_-eyw adnIS°m≥ th≠nbmWv "KoXm-]T-\-Øn-

eq-sS F∂Xnt\°mƒ IqSpX¬ Hcp pSvt_mƒ

a’cØneqsS ssZhØnte°Sp°pw'(12) F∂pw

"\n-ßfpsS Im¬hÆbnse t]inIƒ°v Ipd®v

Iq-Sn i‡nbps≠¶n¬ \nßƒ°v KoX Iptd-

°q-Sn \∂mbn a\ nemIpsa∂pw'(13) "hrµmh\-

Øn-¬ thWphqXn tKm]nIamcpsamØv cmkeo-

e-I-fn¬ G¿s∏´ IrjvWk¶¬]sØ Xakv-I-

cn-®v alm`mcXØn¬ knwl\mZapb¿Øn KoXm-

K-¿P\w \SØnb IrjvWs\ ]n¥pS-cW-sa-∂p-

sa-√mw'(14) I¬]n®Xv. adn®p≈ t]a˛`‡n ]-

N-cW-Øns‚ ew cmPyØv Ahtijn∏n®Xv

F-¥msW∂v hnthIm\µ≥ hy‡am°p∂p≠v.

""Cu cmjvSsØ t\m°q, AØcsamcp i-a-

Øn-s‚ esa¥msW∂v ImWq. AØcsamcp

t]-aw ]Ncn∏n®Xp ImcWw Cu cmjvSsam∂m-

-sI kvssXWambncn°p∂p˛kvXoIfpsS Hcp h-

¿-Kw! Hdok apgph≥ òcp°fpsS \mSmbn. Ign-

™ \m\qdv h¿jambn cm[mt]aØn\p ]ndsI

]m-™p \S∂v _wKmfn\v ]ucpjt_m[w ]-q-¿-

W-ambn \jvSs∏´pIgn™p. P\ßƒ Icbm\pw

\nehnfn°m\pw amXw sIm≈p∂hcmbn; A-X-

h-cpsS tZiobkz`mhambn amdn. AhcpsS kmln-

Xy-w t\m°q. AXmWt√m Hcp cmjvSØns‚

arX]mbamb sslµ-hZ-¿-i-

\-ßsf Xs‚ DPzeamb ]-

`mj-W]mShw sIm≠v ]p-\-

cp-÷ohn∏n°pIbpw Hcp

thf ctWm’pI lnµpXz-

Øn-\v awKf]Xw \¬IpI-

b-pw sNbvX kzman hnthIm-

\-µs\, k¿haXk-Xyhm-Z-

Øn-s‚ h‡mhmbn Ah-

Xcn-∏n°p∂Xnse cm„obw

Xncn®dntb≠Xp≠v.

2013 tabv 13

Nn¥IfpsSbpw BiIfpsSbpw Dd∏p≈

Hc-Sbmfw. Ign™ \m\qdp h¿jambn

_wKmfnkmlnXyhpw Ic®nepw ]ngn-®n-

e-pw tXßepw Xs∂bmWv. AXv GsX-

¶n-epw XcØnep≈ Hcp IhnXbv°v b-

Ym-¿-YØn¬ hockz`mhw izkn°p∂ I-

hn-Xbv°v, P∑w \¬Ip∂Xn¬ ]cmPb-

s∏- ncn°p∂p''(15)

AØcw hnem]Imhyßfn¬ \n∂v

am-dn hockz`mhØnte°v BfpIƒ F-

Øn-btXmsS aXØns‚bpw tZiob-X-bp-

sS-bpw Imºnte°Sp°m≥ iXp°ƒ°v

IgnbmsXbmbn F∂v A`nam\w sIm-≈p-

∂p-ap≠v kzmanPn.

""hmfpw A·nbpambn h∂ _¿-∫-c-

∑m-¿, _¿∫c aXßƒ sIm≠ph∂ _¿-

∫-c∑m¿, Ahcnsemcmƒ°pw Imºv sXm-

Sm-\mbn√ "apSnaIpScXv\w' sXmSm\m-bn-

√, h¿KØns‚ Bflmhv IpSn]m¿Ø

"]-£n'sb sIm√m\mbn√. AXpsIm≠v

C-XmWv B h¿KØns‚ hocyw, AXv

\-ne-\n¬°p∂nStØmfw Imew Cu h-

¿-KsØ sIm√m≥ kqcy\p Xmsg Hcp

i-‡nbpan√.''(16)

Npcp°Øn¬, F√m aXßfpw ic-n-

sb-t∂m Bscbpw hna¿in-t°-≠-Xn-s√-

t∂m hna¿i\ap‡ kmlNcyØneqsS

amXta kmtlmZcyØne[njvTnXamb

cm-jvSk¶¬]w Icp∏nSn∏n°m≥ km[n-

°q Ft∂m hnthImµ≥ hmZn®nń√,

adn®v Xs‚ \ne]mSpXdIfn¬ Dd®v \n-

∂v CXc Z¿i\ßsf t\m°n-°-m-Wp-∂-

Xn-eqsS amXta auenIamb BZ-¿iØn-

te-°v aSßm≥ Ignbq F∂Xmbncp∂p

A-t±lØns‚ aXw. Cusbmcp \bw X-

s∂-bmWv At±lw a‰p aXßsf hna¿-

in-°p∂ ImcyØnepw kzoIcn®ncp∂Xv.

Hcp Iøn¬ hmfpw adpIøn¬ "sImdm-

\p-'ambn Ckvemw

Ckvemsa∂m¬ kmtlm-ZcyØn-s‚

b-pw klh¿ØnXzØns‚bpw ]q¿-Øo-

I-cWamsW∂pw aplΩZv \_n k-a-

Xz-Øns‚ ktµihm-lIs\∂pamWv F-

∂Xn¬ XpSßn AXn¬ Xs∂ A-h-km-

\n-°p∂XmWv hnthImµs‚ ImgvN∏mSv

F-∂XmWv `qcn]£w Nn¥IcpsSbpw

apkvenw _p≤nPohnIfpsSbpw hniz-m-k-w.

hnthIm\µs‚ ]e IrXnIfnepw CtXm

C-Xnt\mSv kam\amb hmNIßƒ sIm-

t≠m Ckvemapw A¥y]hmNI\pw ]-

iw-kn°s∏ń´p≠v. F∂m¬ C¥y-bn-te-

°v IpSntbdn h∂ Hcp sshtZinI aXsa∂ \n-

e--bv°v Ckvemant\mSv FXamXw klnjvWpX

]pe¿tØ≠Xp≠v F∂v hnthIm\µ≥ Ir-Xyam-

bn \n¿hNn®psh®ncp∂p F∂v thWw a\ n-

em-°m≥

aplΩZv \_nsb hmt\mfw ]pIgvØn sIm-

≠p-≈ At±lØns‚ \nch[n D≤cWnIƒ

ImWmw. F∂m¬ ]q¿h˛]c mKßƒ hmbn®m¬

CXnse Hfnbºv t_m[ys∏SpIbpw sNøpw. Xn-

I-®pw ùXnIamb ImgvN∏mSneqsS amXamWv

A-t±lw aplΩZv \_nsb alXzh-¬-I-cn-®n-

cp-∂sX∂v AØcw D≤cWnIƒ hmbn®m¬ a\-

n-em°m≥ km[n°pw.

""K_nb¬ amemJ Hcp Znhkw Kplbn¬

sh-®v Xs‚ ASptØ°v hcnIbpw lc°v F∂

Hcp kz¿KobmizØnt∑¬ CcpØn Xs∂ kz-¿-

K-Ønte°v sIm≠pt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp; A-

ß-s\ Xm≥ kz¿Kw kµ¿in®p, F∂v aplΩZv

A-h-Imis∏´p ]£, Aß\sbm-s°bms-W-¶n-

epw aplΩZv Nne H∂m¥cw kXyßƒ A‘-

hn-izmkßfpambn Iqń°pg®v AhXcn∏n-®n-cn-

°p-∂Xmbn \nßƒ°v a\ nem°mw. A-sX-ß-

s\ hniZoIcn°pw? B a\pjy≥ Xo¿®bm-bpw

]-tNmZnX\mbncp∂p. ]£, B ]tNmZ\-Øn-

\p-ta¬ Abmƒ AdnbmsX XńXS™XmWv. A-

bm-ƒ ]cnioe\w e`n® tbmKnbmbncp∂n√. Xm≥

sNøp∂ ]h¿ØnbpsS ImcWßƒ Abmƒ a-

\- nem°nbncp∂pan√. aplΩZv temIØn\v sN-

bvX \∑sb Ipdn®v BtemNn®p t\m°q. A-

bm-fpsS aXauenIhmZw sIm≠v Abmƒ sNbvXp

sh® henb Xn∑sb Ipdn®pw BtemNn®p t\-m-

°q!''(17)

1900 am¿®v 25\v km≥^m≥knkvtImbn¬ sh-

®v aplΩZv \_nbpsS hnhmlsØ Ipdn®v

hn-thIm\µ≥ \SØnb ]kwKØn¬ ]-dbp∂p:

hrµmh\Øn¬ thWphqXn

tKm]nIamcpsamØv cmk-eo-

e-Ifn¬ G¿s∏´ Irjv-W-

k-¶¬]sØ XakvIcn®v

a-lm`mcXØn¬ knwl\m-Z-

ap-b¿Øn KoXmK¿P\w \S-

Øn-b IrjvWs\ ]n¥p-Sc

W-sa∂mWv hnthIm-\µ-s‚

A-[ym]\w. adn®p≈ t]-

a˛`‡n ]NcWw aqew cm-

jv-Ssam∂msI kvssX-W-

am-bncn°p∂p F∂t±lw

Bt£]n°p∂p.

2013 tabv 14

""bphmhmbncns° aplΩZv aXsØ-

]-‰n i≤mephmbncp∂psh∂v (tXm∂p-

∂n-√). \√ Hcp bphmhv, kp`K-≥. kº-

∂-bmb Hcp hn[hbp≠mbncp∂p. Cu

bp-hm-hnt\mSv Ahƒ°v t]aambn. A-

h-¿ hnhmlnXcmbn. aplΩZv temIØn-

s‚ hensbmcp mKØns‚ NIh¿-Øn-

bm-bt∏mƒ tdma, t]¿jy kmamPyßƒ

A-bmfpsS Im¬Iognembn. Abmƒ°v

\n-ch[n `mcyamcp≠mbn. Hcp Znhkw

A-bmƒ°v GXv mcysbbmWv IqSpX¬

C-jvSw F∂ tNmZyapb¿∂t∏mƒ Abm-

ƒ Xs‚ BZy`mcysb Nq≠n°mWn®p.

Im-cWw AhfmWv BZyw (F∂n¬) hn-

iz-kn®Xv.''(18)

CXp ]d™Xn\p tijw At±lw

FØnt®cp∂ \nKa\w Cßns\bmWv:

""a-lm∑m¿°v Ccp\qdv mcyamcmImw. A-

h-cpsS kz`mh khntijXIƒ \nKq-

U-amWv. AhcpsS ta¬ \mw hn[n I-¬-

]n-®p IqSm.''(19)

\_n s]mSnbn¬ InS∂p Dcp≠p-

sh-∂pw ITn\thZ\ sIm≠v ]pf™p-

sh-∂p-sams°bp≈ ]cma¿ißƒ

s]mXpsh A]kvamctcmKn-Iƒ°p-≠m-

Ip-∂ AhÿIfmWv F∂v(20) bp‡n-hm-

Zo hna¿iI¿ ]dbp∂Xv t]mse ]dbm≥

hsc Hcpthf At±lw [rjvS\mbn.

aplΩZv \_nsb hmt\mfw ]pI-

gv-ØpIbpw At±lØns‚ uXnIKp-W-

ß-sf ]iwkn°pIbpw AtXkabw

At±lØn\v e`n® ssZhnIt_m[-\-

sØ ka¿Yambn \ntj[n°pIbpamWv

hn-thIm\µ≥ sNøp∂Xv. CXc aXZ¿-

i-\ßsfbpw AXns‚ ]NmcIscbpw

\n¿temàmb A]Zm\ßƒ sIm≠v aqSp-

I-bpw AtXmsSm∏w Ah¿ ]t_m[\w

sN-bvX BZ¿isØ hnebnSn®p ImWn-

°m-≥ hcnIƒ°pw hmNIß-ƒ°p-an-S-bn-

eq-sS kabw Is≠ØpIbpw sNøp-∂-

Xm-Wv At±lØns‚ ssien. aplΩZv

\_nsb ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xn¬ Cu

C-c´Øm∏v \mw Z¿in®p. At±lØn-eq-

sS ]q¿ØoIcn® ]cnip≤ Ckvemans\

]-‰n ]dbptºmgp≈ At±lØns‚ co-

Xn IqSn t\m°pI.

""ssZhw ssZhamIp∂p. AXn¬ X-

Øz-tam k¶o¿Wtam ss\XnI-kwln-X-

tbm H∂pan√. RßfpsS ssZhw GI-

am-Wv, c≠masXm∂n√, aplΩZv ]hmN-

I-≥' aplΩZv ----a°m sXcphpIfn¬ ]-Nm--

cWw XpSßn. Ah¿ At±lsØ th´bmSn. A-

t±-lw (aZo\) \KcØnte°v ]emb\w sNbvXp.

A-t±lw t]mcmSn XpSßn. Aßs\ B h¿Kw

ap-gp-h≥ GIoIrXambn. ]`phns‚ \maØn¬

(ap-lΩZ\nkw) temIØnemsI ]S¿∂p. AXn-

s‚ -IogS°¬ i‡n A]mcamWv''(21)

A\pIqent®m ]XnIqent®m F∂v hy-‡-

am-ImØ CØcw ]cma¿ißfneqsS amXa√,

i‡amb mjbn¬ Xs∂ Ckvemans\bpw ap-

kv-enwIsfbpw At±lw hna¿in°p∂p≠v.

""C\n aplΩZob¿ C°mcyØn¬ G‰hpw A-

kw-kvIrXNnØcpw G‰ha[nIw hn`mKob ]h-

W-Xbp≈hcpamWv. AhcpsS apZmhmIyw, "H-

scm-‰ ssZhta D≈p aplΩZmWv Ahs‚ ]-hm-

N-I≥' F∂mWv. AXn\∏pdw F√mw NoØ-bm-

sW-∂p amXa√, DSs\ \in∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-am-

Wv. Hcp \nanjØns‚ ap∂dnbn∏n¬ Cu B-

cm-[\mIaw A\pkcn°mØ kIe kvXo-I-

sf-bpw ]pcpj∑mscbpw D∑qe\w sNøWw; as‰-

s¥-¶nepw ]Tn∏n°p∂ GXp KŸhpw Np´p-I-

cn-°Ww. im¥kapZw apX¬ A‰vem‚nIv k-ap-

Z-w hscbp≈ CSßfn¬ temIamsI A™q-

tdm-fw h¿jßƒ tNmcsbmgpIn. AXmWv apl-

Ω-Z\nkw.''(22)

Ckvemans‚ D∑qe\ kn≤m¥Øn\v Xm-

Øzn-I ASnØd \¬Ip∂ Izp¿B\mWv F∂m-

Wv hnthIm\µ≥ ]dbp∂Xv. CXn\v sXfnhmbn

A-t±lw D≤cn°p∂XmIs´ bmsXmcp XØz-Zo-

£-bpw KpWImw£bpan√mØ Xoh Ckvemw

hn-a¿iIcpsS ap≥hn[nIfpw!

""sImdm\n¬ hy‡ambn FgpXs∏ńcn°p∂p,

A-hnizmknIsf, Ah¿ aplΩZobcmsW¶n¬

t]m-epw, sIm√pI.' Ahsc A·n°pw hmfn\pw C-

c-bm°Ww. Hcp aplΩZt\mSv CXv sX‰mWv F-

∂v \mw ]d™m¬ Ah≥ kzm`mhnIambpw tNm-

-Zn°pw: "\nßƒ°Xv Fßs\ Adnbmw? F-s‚

KŸw ]dbp∂Xv AXv \√XmWv F-∂m-W-v.''(23)

F√m aXßfpw icnsb-t∂m

Bscbpw hna¿int°-≠Xn-

s√-t∂m hna¿i\ap‡ km-

l-NcyØneqsS amXta km-

tlm-ZcyØne-[n-jvTn-X-am-b

cmjvSk¶¬]w Icp∏nSn-

∏n-°m≥ km[n°q Ft∂m

hnthImµ≥ hmZn®nń√, a-dn-

®v Xs‚ \ne]mSpXdIfn¬

D-d®v \n∂v CXc Z¿ -- i\-ß-

sf t\m°n°mWp∂Xn-eq-

sS amXta auenIamb B-

Z-¿iØnte°v aSßm≥ Ign-

bq F∂Xmbncp∂p A-t±-

l-Øns‚ aXw.

2013 tabv 15

Ckvemw hna¿iI¿ CXn\v sXfnhm-

bp-≤cn°mdp≈ kqd: A≥^mense Ip-

d-™ hN\ßƒ hmbn®m¬ t]mepw a-

\- nem°mhp∂ CXns‚ Bibhpw ]m-

tbmKnIXbpw sX√p w Ku\n°msX C-

kv-emw hncp≤ cN\Isf amXw B[m-c-am-

°nbmWv CØcsamcp ]cma¿iw hn-th-

Im\µ≥ \SØnbsX∂v a\ n-em-hp-w.

Ckvemw Gsd "kzbw _≤am-sW-

∂-p-w'(24) AXns‚ ]Stbm´w "Hcp Iøn¬

hm-fpw adpIøn¬ sImdm\pw ]nSn®m-sW-

∂p-w'(25) hnthIm\µ≥ hnizkn°pIbpw

Xp-d∂p]dbpIbpw sNbvXp.

""Atd_ybnse ]hmNI≥ ÿm-]n-

® aXtØmfw Cu ssZzXØn¬ ]nSn-®p-

Xq-ßn\n∂ as‰mcp aXhpw D≠mbnń√.

C-Xb[nIw tNmc Nn¥pIbpw a\pjy-

t\m-Sv CXb[nIw IqcX Im´pIbpw sN-

bv-X as‰mcp aXhpw D≠mbnń√. Cu D-

]-t-Zißƒ hnizkn°mØhs\ sIm-√-

Wsa∂v sImdm≥ DZvt_m[n∏n°p∂p;

Ahs\ sIm√p∂Xv Hcp Imcp-Wy-]-h-

¿ØnbmsW∂v! kpµcnamcmb lqdnamcpw

a‰v sFµnbmkzmZ\ßfpw D≈ kz¿-K-

Øn-¬ FØm\p≈ Ffp∏hgn Cu Ahn-

izm-knIsf sIm√emWv. CØcw hnizm-

k-ßfpsS eambn D≠mb c‡s®m-cn-

®nens\ Ipdn®v BtemNn®p t\m-°q!.''(26)

aXßtfmSp≈ "aplΩZob'cpsS Cu

c‡]¶ne ]Xntcm[Øn¬ tIµ-ÿm-

\-Øv \n¿ØnbXv lnµpaXambncp∂p

F-∂mWv At±lw hnebncpØp∂Xv. A-

Xn-\v ][m\ ImcWw Ah¿ Im^nd-p-I-

fpw hnKlmcm[Icpambncp∂p F∂pw

C-u ]Xntema Nn¥I≥ `mcXØns‚

]p-tcmKXnsb XS™p \n¿Øn F∂pw

A-t±lw hnizkn®p.

""lnµp°ƒ Ah¿°v shdp-°-s∏-tS-

≠ Im^ndpIfpw hnKlmcm[-Icpam-bn-

cp-∂p. Ah¿ Iim∏p sNøs∏SWw. A-

h-cp-sS tIm[w ]tXyIn®v ]ptcmlnX

PmXn°mtcmSmbncp∂p. ImcWw A-h-cm-

Wv Im^ndpIfpsS Bflob Kpcp°∑m¿.

H-cp apkvenw `cWm[nImcn AXn-`-‡-

\m-sW¶n¬, BXy¥nIêw "Im^n-dp-

I-sf Iim∏p sNøp∂ Hcp alZv-b-⁄'-

am-bncn°pw. apkvenw `cWImeØv C-

¥y--bpsS ]ptcmKXn \ne®p. ]ptcmK-Xn-

bpsS tNmZyta DZn®ncp∂n√. ImcWw,

ln-µp°fpsS Du¿Pw apgph≥ Bflc-

£-bnte°v Xncn™ncp∂p.''(27)

Cu XSbs∏´ ]ptcmKXnsb XncnsI sIm-

≠p-hcm\mWv hSt° C¥ybn¬ cq]w sIm≠

-‡n]ÿm\sa∂pw lnµp_lpP\ßsf Ckv-

em-ante°v aX]cnh¿Ø\w sNøp∂Xv XSbm-

\m-bn cq]w sIm≠ CØcw kwLS\Ifn¬ X-

ß-fpsS Du¿Pw sNehgn®Xp sIm≠mWv cmam-

\-µ≥, I_o¿, ZmZp, ssNX\y, \m\mIv XpSßn-

b-h¿°v lnµpaXØn\v ]pXnb BiIƒ°pw

B-ibßƒ°pw P∑w \¬Im≥ Ignbm-Xn-cp-∂-

Xv(-26) F∂pamWv hnthIm\µs‚ Is≠Ø¬

Npcp°Øn¬, AssZzXthZm¥nbpw ]cn-jv-

I-¿Ømhpsa∂ \nebn¬ kzman hnthIm\µ\v

Ckvemans‚ B¥cnI\∑sb Ipdn®v Gsd ]-

d-bm-\p≠mbncps∂¶nepw k¿h aXßfpsSbpw

amXmhmbn Xm≥ hnizkn°p∂ lnµpaXØns‚

]t_m[\ ]NmcWßƒ°v th≠n a‰p a-X-

ß-sf \ninXambn hna¿in°m≥ bmsXmcp ssh-

a-\kyhpap≠mbncp∂n√; AXn¬ ]eXpw ip≤

A-kw_‘amsW¶n¬ t]mepw!

"Al'Øn¬ A≈n∏nSn® InkvXpaXw

"k¿h aXßfpsSbpw Kpcpÿm\n'bmb ssl-

µh aXØns‚ ho£WtImWneqsS t\m-°n-

bm¬ Ckvemant\°mƒ Ipd®v IqSn t`Zs∏´

in-jy\mWv InkvXpaXw F∂mbncp∂p hnthIm-

\-µs‚ ImgvN∏mSv.

tbiphns\ Hcp ip≤mflmhpw ip≤amb In-

kv-X-paXsØ thZm¥Øns‚ ]I¿∏pambn(28) I-

≠ At±lw C¥ybnse InkvXy≥ ]mXncnam¿

tb-iphns‚ Z¿i\Øn¬ sh≈w tN¿Øpsh∂v

Xpd∂p]d™p. F∂m¬ AkwkvIrXamb B-

i-bßƒ XncpIn°b‰pI hgn Atd_ybnse

]-hmNIs‚ aXtØ°mƒ H´pw sa®-s∏- X-√m-

Xm-IpIbmWv(29) AXv sNbvXXv F∂mWv hnth-

Im-\µ≥ Is≠ØnbXv.

ùXnItemIsØ PohnXhnPbØn\mbn

ssI-kvXh k`mta[mhnIƒ thZKŸßsf∂v

Ckvemsa∂m¬ kmtlm-Z-cy-

Øns‚bpw klh¿-Øn-Xz-

Øns‚bpw ]q¿ØoIc-W-

am-sW∂pw aplΩZv \_nkaXz-Øns‚ ktµihm-l-

I-s\∂pamWv F∂Xn¬ Xp-

S-ßn AXn¬ Xs∂ A-h-

km-\n°p∂XmWv hnthIm-

µ-s‚ ImgvN∏mSv F∂XmWv

`qcn]£w Nn¥IcpsSbpw

apkvenw _p≤nPo-hn-I-fp-sS-

bp-w hnizmkw.

2013 tabv 16

hn-izkn°p∂ XßfpsS ]amWßfn¬

]-c-am-h-[n hn´phogvN sNbvXp F-∂-t-±-

l-w Btcm]n°p∂p. Alw F∂ Nn¥

]-msS Dt]£n®p sIm≠v sF-ln-I-]-]-

©-Øn\∏pdap≈ temIsØ Ipdn®p≈

kz-]v\ßfmbncp∂p tbiphns‚ DZvt_m-

[-\ßƒ apgph≥. AXns‚ mKambn X-

ß-fpsS temIØpw ssZh`cWw ]p-e-

cp-sa∂mbncp∂p tbiphns‚ hnizmkw.

F-∂m¬ hnizmknIƒ Cu Nn¥bn¬ \n-

∂-v _lpZqcw ]n∂m°w t]mbn. X¬-

ÿm-\Øv XßfpsS C—Iƒ°v AanX-

]m-[m\yw \¬IpIbpw sNbvXp. ""AXv

A]cnjvIrXambncp∂p. A\¬]amb

AlØn\p th≠nbp≈ ]m®n¬. "Rm-

≥' F∂Xn¬ ISn®pXqßn InS°¬. Cu

Po-hnXØn¬ amXa√, acWm\¥chpw

Xp-Scp∂ A≈n∏nSpØw.''(30) F∂m-bn-cp-

∂p hnthIm\µ≥ CXns\ Ipdn®p ]d-

™-Xv.

InkvXym\nkw ssZht]m‡ krjv-

Sn-bmsW∂pw kao]`mhnbn¬ temIØv

ssZhØns‚ `cWw ]pecpsa∂pw ]-d-

™-Xn¬ hnizkn®mWv AXnte°v B-

fp-Iƒ BI¿jn°s∏´Xv F∂Xm-bncp-

∂p hnthIm\µs‚ \nco£Ww. Ko-kn-

se-bpw tdmansebpw ASnaIfmbncp∂p

B-ZyImeØv tbiphn¬ hnizkn-®n-cp-

∂Xv. AtXt]mse C¥ybn¬ Gsdbpw

Xm-gv∂ PmXn°mcmWv InkvXpaXØn¬

hnizkn°m≥ k∂≤cmbXv. ""tbip-hn-

s‚ A[ym]\ßƒ apgph≥ Ai-c-W-

tc-bpw Bew_lo\scbpw D]Po-hn-®m-

bn-cp∂p sIń∏SpØXv. F∂m¬ Cu co-

Xn-sb ]msS AhKWn®v `mcXØnse

In-kvXym\nIƒ BUw_cØnepw tkz-

—m-]aØXbnepw A`ncan°m\mWv C-

jv-Ss∏´Xv. AXvsIm≠v Xs∂ ]uc-kv-

Xy-aXsa∂ \ne°v tbiphns\ Bcm-

[n--°m\p≈ Htcsbmcp hgn At±lsØ

Cu-izc\mbn ]qPn°¬ amXamWv, as‰m-

∂p-a√.''(31) At±lw \nco£n®p.

aqlΩZv \_nsb ]Xnÿm\Øv

\n¿Øn Ckvemans\ hna¿in°p∂Xp

t]m-sebmbncp∂n√ hnthIm\µs‚

ssI-kvXh hna¿i\coXn. adn®v tb-ip-

hn-s\ ]camh[n kwc£n®p sIm≠pw

ssI-kvXhZ¿i\sØ hna¿in®p sIm-

≠pw tbiphns‚ ]n≥KmanIsf IW-°n-

\v ’n®p sIm≠pambncp∂p AXv \n¿-

h-ln°s∏´Xv.

\mkvXnIcmb _p≤∑m¿

a‰paXßtfmsS∂ t]mse tbmPn°mhp∂

taJesb ]camh[n ]pIgvØnbpw hntbmPn∏v

i-‡ambn ]ISn∏n®pamWv _p≤aXtØbpw hn-

th-Im\µ≥ t\cn´Xv. "XmfntbmeIfn¬ A¥n-

bp-d-ßnbncp∂ aXsØ ]mtbmKnI XeØn-te-

°v sIm≠ph∂ [oc\mbn´mWv'(32) BZyØn¬

A-t±lw _p≤s\ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. P\-

ß-ƒ°v \¬Im\mbn knwlmk\w t\SnsbSpØ

tPm-¿-Pv hmjnwKvSWmbmWv(33) HcnSØt±lw _p-

≤-s\ NnXoIcn°p∂Xv.

1893 sk]vXw_¿ 20\v \S∂ aX]m¿e-sa‚n-

em-Wv At±lw Xs‚ _p≤\ne]mSv hy‡ambn

A-hXcn∏n°p∂Xv. _p≤≥ bmsXm∂pw ]pXpXm-

bn DZvt_m[n∏n®nń√(34) adn®v InkvXphns\ t]m-

se _p≤\pw \ndth‰m\mWv h∂Xv; \in∏n-

°m-\√. \ndth‰p∂XmIs´ icnbmb lnµpaX

k-Xyßfpw. AXmbXv lnµpaXØns‚ bp‡n-

k-lamb Xo¿∏pIƒ bYmhn[n \ndth‰m\mWv

_p-≤≥ ian®Xv. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ Hcn°epw

ln-µpaXØn\v _p≤aXsØ IqSmsX Pohn-°m-

≥ Ignbn√.

""lnµpaXØn\v _p≤nksØ IqSmsX Po-

hn-°m≥ Ignbn√; _p≤nkØn\v lnµpaXsØ

IqSmsXbpw. AhbpsS th¿]mSv F¥mWv \ap-

°v ImńØcp∂sX∂v a\ nem°pI, _p≤n-Ãp-

I-ƒ°v _m“WcpsS akvXnjvIhpw XØz-im-

kv-Xhpw IqSmsX \ne\n¬]n√. _m“W\v _p-

≤n-ÃpIfpsS lrZbw IqSmsXbpw. _p≤nÃpIfpw

_m“Wcpw XΩnep≈ th¿]mSmWv C¥ybpsS

]X\Øn\v ImcWw.''(35)

CXc aXZ¿i\ßsfbpw

A-Xns‚ ]NmcIscbpw

\n-¿temàmb A]Zm\ßƒ

sIm-≠v aqSpIbpw AtXm-

sSm-∏w Ah¿ ]t_m[\w

sN-bvX BZ¿isØ hnebn-

Sn-®p ImWn°m≥ hcn-I-ƒ-

°pw hmNIß-ƒ°pan-Sbn-

eq-sS kabw Is≠Øp-I-

bpw sNøp∂XmWv hnth-Im-

\-µs‚ ssien.

2013 tabv 17

_p≤aXØns‚ kzX¥m-kv-Xn-Iy-

sØ A\phZn®v sImSp°m≥ hnth-Im\-

µ-≥ BZyImeßfnsem∂pw Xømdmbncp-

-∂n√. F∂m¬ AXns‚ CuizcNn-¥-

bpw ssZhhnizmkØnse AÿncXbpw

th-dn´p ]Tn°m≥ a‰p≈h¿ Xømdm-b-

t∏m-ƒ hnthIm\µ≥ Xs‚ \ne]mSn¬

A-bhp hcpØn. XpS¿∂v sshZ-n-I-a-X-

Øn-s‚ BNmcm\pjvTm\ßfnepw Pm-

Xob-Xbnepw a\waSpØmWv KuXa-_p-

≤-≥ Aßns\sbmcp Z¿i\w ]SpØp-

b-¿ØnbXv F∂t±lw hniZoIcn®p.

""Xs‚ ImesØ A¥an√mØ B-

[n-ùXnIXm N¿®Ifnepw \o≠ A\p-

j-vTm\ßfnepw PmXnhyhÿbnepw a\w-

a-SpØ KuXas\∂ Hcp alm\mWv A-

Xv ÿm]n®Xv. \msa√mw Hcp ]tXyI

A-hÿbnte°v P\n®p hogp∂p. AXn-

\m-¬ Aßs\ P\n°mØhsc°mƒ D-

Xv-IrjvScmWv Xßƒ F∂v Nne¿ Icp-

Xp-∂p. At±lw A°meØv AXni-‡-

am-bncp∂ ]utcmlnXyØn\v FXncm-bn-

cp-∂p. tNmZIi‡nbn√mØ B[nù-

Xn-IX, Cuizcs\°pdn®p≈ kn≤m-¥-

ß-ƒ F∂nhbpsS ImcyØn¬ \mkv-Xn-

I-amb Hcp aXamWv At±lw ]Ncn-∏n-

®-Xv. Cuizc\pt≠m F∂v At±-l-tØm-

Sv ]eh´w tNmZn°s∏´p. X\n°dnbn√

F-∂t±lw adp]Sn ]d™p. icnbmb

s]-cpam‰sØ°pdn®v At±ltØmSv tNm-

Zn-®m¬ At±lw ]dbpw: \∑ sNøpI,

\-√h\mbncn°pI.''(36)

]t£ Cu cwKØv _p≤\v ]q-¿-W-

am-bpw sX‰p]‰nsb∂v At±lw hniz-kn-

-®p. ""_p≤≥ PmXnsb Hcp aX-ÿm-]-\-

am-bn I≠v AXns\ \in∏n°m≥ i-an-

®p. AXv sX‰mbncp∂p. _p≤nkw £-

Xn-bcpw _m“Wcpw XΩn¬ ]mNo-\-

Im-ew apX¬ \ne\n∂pt]m∂ k¥pen-

Xm-hÿsb XInSw adn®p. Atßb‰w

E-WmflIamb Hcp hnKl`RvPIXzw

A-hXcn∏n®Xnepw _p≤\v sX‰p]‰n.

A-Xv ]n∂oSv i¶c\pw am[z\pw cmam-\-p-

P-\pamWv XncpØnbXv.''(37)

"kwkvIrX]T\Øn\pw ]NcW-Øn-

\pw ]Icw P\]nb mjIƒ D]tbmKn-

®-Xv Cu sX‰pIƒ°v B°w Iq´-nsb-

∂pw'(38) "sIm√mXncn°¬ ]caamb Hcp

\-∑bmsW∂v ]Nn∏n°pI hgn _p≤-

a-Xw C¥ybv°v \miw hcpØn-sh-®p'-(39)-

sh-∂pamWv hnthIm\µ≥ ]n∂o-sS-Øn-

t®-¿∂ \nKa\w.

Cuizcs\ Ipdn®p≈ hnizmkØnemWv Ku-

X-a_p≤≥ Gsd ]ng®p t]mbsX∂pw AXmI-

s´ Hcn°epw Hcp lnµp kln°pIbns√∂pw

hy-‡am°nb hnthIm\µ≥, _p≤Z-¿i-\-ß-fp-

am-bp≈ hntbmPn∏ns‚ \mcmbthcv Is≠Øp-

∂-Xv Cu hnizmkcwKØmWv.

""lnµp°ƒ°v AhcpsS Cuizcs\ HgnsI

as‰√m‰ns\bpw XyPn°mw. Cuizcs\ \nt-j-

[n-°pI F∂m¬ ‡nbpsS Im¬°ognse aÆp-

X-s∂ CSn®pIfbp∂Xn\v XpeyamWv. ‡n-sb-

bpw Cuizcs\bpw lnµp°ƒ hnSmsX ]nSn-°-

W-w. Ah¿°v Ahsb Dt]£n°m≥ Hcn°epw

I-gnbn√.''(40)

F∂m¬ Cu cwKØv hsc _p≤≥ sslµh-

Z-¿-i\ßsf AhaXn®v kzbw Z¿i\-ß-fp-≠-m-

°n-sb∂pw AXp sIm≠v Xs∂ ip≤ \ncoizc-

hm-Zn-bmWv _p≤s\∂pw kzman hy‡-am-°p-∂p-

≠v.

""_p≤≥ Cuizcs\ kw_‘n®v XnI®pw

\m-kv-XnI\mWv, ]t£, \ΩpsS aXØn¬ F√m-

bn--SØpw Cuizc\ps≠∂mWv ]Ncn∏n°-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv. thZßƒ Cuizcs\ Ipdn®v˛hy‡n

ssZhsØ°pdn®pw \n¿hy‡n ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-

®p-w˛]Tn∏n°p∂p. KoXbn¬ apgph≥ Cuiz-c-

s\-°pdn®v ]Tn°p∂p≠v. lnµpaXw Cu-iz-c-\-

√-msX H∂pa√. thZßƒ Ah\n√msX H∂pa√.

AXpamXamWv tam£Øn\p≈ hgn. k∂ym-

kn-am¿ C\n Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xv Bh¿-Øn-®p-d-∏n-

°-Ww. Rm≥ ap‡n Imw£n®p sIm≠v temI-

k-jvSmhmb, izmkwhgn thZßƒ ]pdØphn´,

Cu-izc\n¬ A`bw ]m]n°p∂p.''(41)

Npcp°Øn¬, lnµpaXsØ \ho-Icn-°p-∂-

Xn-¬ it≤bamb ]¶phln®psh∂v hnizkn-

°p-∂tXmsSm∏w hnizmknIsf apgph≥ \ncoizc-

hm-ZØnte°pw A\mhiy N¿®Ifnte°pw B-

Ckvemans‚ D∑qe\ kn-

≤m-¥Øn\v XmØznI ASn-

Ø-d \¬Ip∂Xv Izp¿B-\m-

Wv F∂mWv hnthIm\µ≥

a-\ nem°nbXv. CXn\v sX-

fn-hmbn At±lw D≤cn-°p-

∂-XmIs´ bmsXmcp XØz-

Zo£bpw KpWImw-£bp-an-

√m-Ø Xoh Ckvemw hn-a-¿-

i-IcpsS ap≥hn-[n-Ifpw!

2013 tabv 18

]--Xn∏n°m≥ _p≤aXw ImcWambn F-

∂m-Wv hnthIm\µ≥ Btcm]n°p∂Xv.

AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ _p≤aXØns‚ Cu

B¥cnI\yq\XIƒ Hcp kaql-sØ-bm-

I-am\w aqeyclnX hyhÿbnte°v Iq-

∏p-IpØn°m≥ CSbm°nsb∂mWv A-t±-

lw ISpØ`mjbn¬ Bt£]-n-°p-∂-Xv.

""Aßs\ arKßtfmSv ImcpWyw Im-

Wn-°Wsa∂v DZvt_m[n-∏n-®psh¶nepw,

DZmØamb ss\XnI aXambn-cp-s∂-¶n-

epw, \nXymflmhv Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw

X-e-\mcng Iodn N¿® sNbvsX¶nepw _p-

≤n-kØns‚ kvXq]ßfmsI XI¿-∂p-

Xcn∏Wambn. B XI¿® _o`’-am-bn-

cp-∂p. _p≤nksØ-Øp-S-¿-∂v D≠mb

_o-`’X hnhcn°m≥ F\n°v kab-

tam Xm¬]cytam C√. G‰hpw _o`’-

am-b BtLmjßƒ, a\pjyl-kv-X-ß-

ƒ FgpXnb, a\pjyakvXnjvIw Bhn-

jv-Icn®, G‰hpw oIcamb, G‰hpw A-

«o-eamb ]pkvXIßƒ, aXØns‚ t]-

c-n--¬ hneknb G‰hpw arKobamb cq]-

ß-ƒ, Chsb√mw A[x]Xn® _p≤nk-

Øn-s‚ krjvSnIfmbncp∂p.''(42)

PmXnhyhÿ: kw rX kwkvImcØn-s‚

kq£n∏v!

`mcXØn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ Iqcamb

th¿Xncnhmbncp∂p PmXobX. ]c-k-v]-

cw sXm´pIqSmbvabpw Xo≠epaS°w \m-

ev h¿Kßfpw At\Iw D]h¿Kß-fpam-

bn Cu Akv]riyX kaqlsØbm-Iam-

\w shńapdn®p. a\pkvarXnbneqsS tem-

Iw ihn® Cu Zpjn® kmaqlnI hyh-

ÿ-sb `mcXØnse H´pan° aX˛km-

aq-lnI˛cmjvSob˛kmwkvImcnI \mbI-

∑m-cpw FXn¿Øp t]m∂n´p≠v. CXn¬

G-‰hpw ][m\nbmbn hnebn-cp-Øm-dp-≈-

Xv kzman hnthIm\µs\bmWv.

PmXntIcfsØ t\m°n `m¥m-eb-

sa-∂v hntijn∏n®, "RßfpsS aXw A-

Sp-°fbnemWv, Cuizc≥ shbv-]p-I-e-

hpw' F∂v ]d™, hnthImµs‚ hm-°p-

Ifpw ]hrØnIfpw CØcw hmZKX-n-I-

ƒ-°v Dt]m¬_eIambn FSpØp≤-cn-

°m-dpap≠v. F∂m¬ a‰p≈hcn¬ \n∂pw

hyXykvXambn XnI®pw XmØznIamb

A-SnØdbn¬ \n∂psIm≠v PmXobX Xp-

S-cWsa∂pw ]cnjvIcn°Wsa∂pw A-

Xn-eqsS amXta mcXw tamNn∏n°s∏Sq

F∂pw hmZn®bmfmWv hnthIm\µ≥

F∂XmWv hmkvXhw.

C¥y ]pWy`qanbmsW∂pw "im¥-ln-µp'-hn-

t\m-Sv temIw ISs∏ńcn°p∂p F∂pw ]d™

A-t±lw kh¿°sd t]mse Xs‚ Bibw cq]-

h-¬°cn®Xv Bcy∑mcpƒs°m≈p∂ k\mX\

kwkvIrXnbn¬ ]SpØpb¿ØnbXmWv mcXw

F∂ BibØnemWv. a\phns‚ Z¿i\ßsf

s]m-fns®gpXpIb√, A√d Nn√d ]cnjvI-c-W-

ß-fneqsS cmjvSsØ kPmXobamb h¿K-Øn-

s‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ \n¿hln°Wsa∂v I-s≠-

Ø-nb At±lw ""C¥y apgph≥ BcyamWv as‰m-

∂p-a√''(43) F∂v ]dbm≥ ss[cyw ImWn®p. A-t±-

lsØ kw_‘n®nStØmfw C¥y≥ PmXn hy-

h-ÿ ""]`p a\pjy\v \¬Inb G‰hpw al-Øm-

-b kmaqlnIÿm]\ßfn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p.''(44)

ip≤h¿Ksa∂ k¶¬]w bp‡nkla√ F-

∂-pw Ie¿∏n√mØXmbn H∂pap≠mIns√∂pw

]-d™ hnthIm\µ≥ Bcy∑m¿°v ]pXnsbmcp

s]m-Xph¿K ]›mØew Is≠-Øp-Ibm-bn-cp-

∂p. CXmIs´ c‡Ønt‚X√ mjbptSXmWv.

""Bcyi_vZw C¥ybnse "alZvh¿Kßfmb'

kw-kvIrXw kwkmcn°p∂ lnµp°sfbpw Xangv

kw-kmcn°p∂p lnµp°sfbpw Ipdn°p∂p F-

∂p-w At±lw ]d™p. AYhm Bcy˛ZmhnU

hn-`n∂X `mjbpsSXmWv, c‡Ønt‚X√ F-

∂v.''(45)

Cu th¿Xncnhv BXy¥nIambn C¥ysb

hn-ip≤oIcn°s∏´p F∂pw CXn¬ t\XrXzw

Pm-XobXbnse DXvIrjvScmb _m“W¿°mWv

F∂pw At±lw hnizkn®p.

aXßtfmSp≈ "aplΩ-Zo-b'-

cp-sS c‡]¶ne ]Xntcm-

[-Øn¬ tIµÿm\Øv \n-

∂-Xv lnµpaXambncp∂p

F-∂m-Wv hnthIm\µ≥ hn-

ebn-cpØp∂Xv. AXn\v ]-

[m-\ ImcWw Ah¿ Im^n-

dpIfpw hnKlmcm-[-I-cp-am-

bn-cp∂p F∂pw. Cu ]Xn-

tem-a Nn¥I¿ mcXØ-n-s‚

]ptcmKXnsb XS™p \n-

¿Øn F∂pw At±lw hn-iz-

kn®p.

2013 tabv 19

""AXv (PmXnhyhÿ) ssk\≤m¥n-

I-am-sb¶nepw C¥ysb apgph≥ k-º-

Øn-s‚tbm hmfns‚tbm A√, _p≤n-

bp-sS˛BflobXbn¬ hnip≤oIc-n-°-s∏-

´, \nb¥n°s∏´ _p≤nbpsS˛am¿§\n-

¿-t±iØn≥ Iogn¬ sIm≠ph∂p. C¥y-

bn-se PmXnIfn¬ t\Xrÿm\w Bcy-

∑m-cn¬ G‰hpw Db¿∂h¿°p X-s∂-˛-

_m-“W¿°v.''(46)

AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ "PmXobX, m-c-X-

Øn¬ A¤pXßƒ krjvSn-®p-sh-∂pw'(47)

Hcp ]SnIqSn IS∂v "AXns‚ Nn¥m-iq-

\y-amb XnckvImcamWv C¥ybpsS ]X-

\-Øn\v ImcWsa∂v' IqSn hnth-Im-\-µ-

≥ ]d™psh®p.

""AXpsIm≠v cmPy°msc, F\n°v

\nßtfmSv ]dbm\p≈Xv CXm-Wv- -C-¥y-

sb XI¿ØXv \nßƒ PmXnsb Xg-bp-

I-bpw C√mXm°pIbpw sNbvXXp sIm-

≠m-Wv. PmXn°v AXns‚ ÿm\w \-¬-

Ip-I, PmXn°p XS w \n¬°p∂ F-

√m-‰ns\bpw XI¿°pI; F¶n¬ \mw ho-

≠-pw Dbcpw.''(48)

Aßns\bp≈ B PmXn kºZmbw

\in∏n°p∂Xv IqcamsW∂pw adn®v Hcp

hn mKw CXccpsS ta¬ IpXncIbdp∂Xv

am-Xw i≤n®m¬ aXnsb∂pamWv A-t±-

l-Øns‚ \n¿tZiw.

""Aßs\ PmXn Hcp kz`mhnI-I-a-

am-Wv; PohnXw IaoIcn°m\p≈ Hcp

kz`mhnIam¿Kw. Hscm‰ ImcyØn-s\-Xn-

sc amXta \mw PmKX ]pe¿tØ-≠-

Xp-≈p˛khntijmhImiw F∂ B-i-

bØn-s\Xnsc. D∂XPmXn°m¿ Io-gv-Pm-

Xn-°mcpsS ta¬ IpXnc IbdcpXv. B-

[p-\nI C¥ybn¬ PmXn "Hcp kv^Sn-I-

h-XvIrX kmaqlyÿm]\ambn' amdn-°-

gn-™ncn°p∂p. AXv ]ptcmlnX h¿K-

Øn-s‚ IpSneXbpsS XShnemWv. P\-

ß-fpsS kmaqlyhy‡nXzw hf¿ØpI

F∂Xmbncp∂p PmXnbpsS bYm¿Y e-

£-yw. Ct∏mƒ AXv "C¥ybpsS A-¥-

co-£Øn¬ AXns‚ Zp¿K‘w \nd®-n-

cn-°p∂p.''(49)

]gb PmXnbXbnte°v XncnsI t]m-

hp-I amXamWv C¥y°m¿°v IcWo-b-

sa-∂pw, "C¥y°v apºmsIbp≈ ISa

ln-µp-P\Xsb \mev ][m\ PmXn-I-fm-

bn- _m“W¿, £Xnb¿, sshiy¿, iq-

Z-c¿˛]p\¿hn`Pn°pI'(50) F∂msW∂pw

At±lw Nq≠n°mń. AXn¬ _m-“-W-

∑m-¿ Xs∂bmWv D∂Xh¿Kw F∂t±lw ÿn-

co-Icn®p.

""C¥ybnse am\hhwiØns‚ BZ¿iw

_m-“WXzw Xs∂, KoXmhymJym\Øns‚ Xp-

S-°Øn¬ Xs∂ i¶cmNmcmcy¿ apt∂m- p-sh-°p-

∂-Xp t]mse. CXn¬ At±lw _m“WXzw A-

Y-hm _m“WXv kwc£n°m≥ Hcp ]Nm-c-I-

s\-∂ \nebn¬ IrjvW≥ h∂Xns‚ Imc-W-

sØ-°pdn®v kwkmcn°p∂p≠t√m''(51)

_m“Wsc "bpKßfpsS kw`rX kw-kv-Im-

c-Øns‚ kq£n∏pImc≥'(52) F∂v hntijn∏n®

At±lØn\v B[p\nI _m“Wsc Ipdn®v Xo-

sc aXn∏n√mbncp∂p. "IenbpKØnse _m-“-

W-¿ cm£k∑m¿°v XpeycmsW∂'(53) A-t±-l-

Øn-s‚ hnhmZ ]cma¿isa√mw DSseSpØXv Cu

AhkcØnemWv.

IogvPmXn°m¿°v Dbcm≥ a\phn¬ \n∂v hn-

`n-∂ambn kwkvIrX`mj ]Tn°m≥ DZvt_m[\w

\¬In(54) F∂Xv amXamWv At±lw PmXo-b-X-

°-p \¬Inb KpW]camb D]tZiw. CXv ad-®p-

sh-®p F∂XmWv cmam\pP\pw ssNX\ybpw I-

_o-dpw _p≤\pw sNbvX sX‰v F∂pw At±lw

D-d®p hnizkn®p.

Npcp°Øn¬ k¿haXkXyhmZsØ k-Xy-

s∏-SpØp∂ Npcp°w Nne D≤cWnIƒ hnth-

Im-\µs‚ ]`mjWßfn¬ \n∂pw cN\Ifn¬

\n-∂pw Is≠Sp°msa¶nepw BXy¥nIambn A-

t±-lw lnµqbnkw GIkXyaXambpw C¥y ]p-

Wy`qanbmbpw Xs∂bmWv hnebncpØnbXv. B

`qXImeØn¬ \n∂v thdn´v ]pXnb kzXzw B-

hn-jvIcn°m≥ ian®XmWv `mcXØns‚ ap-gp-

h-≥ ZpcnXßƒ°pw ImcWw.(55) F∂v X-s∂-bm-

Wv At±lw F°meØpw hnizkn®Xv. AXn\v

lnµp_lpP\ßsf C-kv-

ema-nte°v aX]cnh¿Ø\w

sNøp∂Xv XSbm\mbn cq-

]w sIm≠ kwL-S-\-Ifn¬

XßfpsS Du¿Pw sNeh-gn-

®Xp sIm≠mWv cm-am\µ≥,

I_o¿, ZmZp, ssN-X\y, \m-

\mIv XpS-ßn-b-h-¿°v lnµp-

aXØn\v ]pXn-b BiIƒ-

°pw Bibß-ƒ-°pw P∑w

\¬Im≥ I-gn-bm-Xncp∂Xv

F-∂mWv hn-th-Im-\µs‚ I-

s≠-Ø¬.

2013 tabv 20

hnLmXambXv ]pdØv\n∂p≈ i-‡n-

I-fmWv. AØcw "IfnaÏÍƒ'(56) sIm-

≠v ]SpØpb¿Ønb C¥y shdpw "Dcp-

f-≥I√pIƒ'°v(57) kam\amsb∂pw, CXp-

sI-m≠v Xs∂ mcXw "aÆn¬ Cgbp∂'

ap-∂qdv Zie£w aÆncIfmbn(58) amdn-

sb-∂pw At±lw ]cnX]n°p∂p. Cu

I-SpØ AhKW\aqew "Xp∂nb DSp-∏p-

I-ƒ [cn°m≥ t]mepw apkvenwIƒ' ]-

Tn-∏nt°≠ KXntISv C¥y-°m-¿-°p-≠m-

bn'(59) F∂pw hnthImµ≥ hne]n-°p-

∂p-≠v

Fs¥ms° \∑Iƒ e£yw sh-®m-

sW-¶nepw kz¥w aXØns‚bpw kz¥w

h¿-KØns‚bpw kz¥w kwkv-Im-c-Øn-

s‚-bpw D∂a\Øn\mbn ]cnian®, B

b-⁄Øn¬ CXcsc ISpØ mjbn¬

hn-a¿in®, Nne thfIfnse¶nepw Ak-

ln-jvWphmIpIbpw A]csc ’n-°p-

I-bpw sNbvX kzman hnthIm\µs\,

k-¿-haXkXyhmZnbpw aXmXoXamb am-

\-hnIXbv°v ian® \thm∞m-\\m-b-I-

\p-am°n Db¿Øn°m´m\p≈ iaßƒ

\oXoIcn°m≥ Ignbp∂X√; \t∂ Np-

cp-ßnbXv kzman hnthIm\µs‚ B-flm-

hn-s\¶nepw.

Ref:1. kzman hnthIm\µ≥: PohnXhpw

D]tZißfpw, kzman hnthI\µs‚ 150mwP∑ hm¿jnI ]kn≤oIcWw, cmaIrjvW

aTw & anj≥, t_eq¿ aTw t]Pv:111

2. Ibid:t]Pv 1003. The Hindu: 2013 April 104. The Complete works of Swami Vive-

kananda hmeyw 1, ]pdw 3, AssZzXmiaw,sIm¬°Ø (tPymXn¿ab i¿abpsS

lnµpXzw F∂ IrXnbn¬ \n∂pw FSpØptN¿ØXv)

5. Ibid: hmeyw 3, ]pdw 249









14. Ibid: hmeyw 5 ]pdw 304














































AssZzXthZm¥nbpw ]-cn-

jvI¿Ømhpsa∂ \nebn¬

kzman hnthIm\µ\v Ckv-

em-ans‚ B¥cnI\∑sb

Ipdn®v Gsd ]dbm\p≠m-

bn-cps∂¶nepw k¿h aX-

ß-fpsSbpw amXmhmbn Xm-

≥ hnizkn°p∂ lnµp-aX-

Øn-s‚ ]t_m[\ ]Nmc-

W-ßƒ°v th≠n a‰p aX-

ß-sf \ninXambn hna¿in-

°m-≥ bmsXmcp ssha-\-ky-

hpap≠mbncp∂n√.

2013 tabv 21

A¬Øm^v AΩm-ń-°p∂v

atX-X-cXzw: D¤-hw, hnImkw, ]cn-Wmaw

atX-X-cXzw F∂ at\m-l-camb hm°v Hcp-h-´-sa-¶nepw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-

Ø-h-cmbn B[p-\nI temIØv Bcpw D≠m-Im-\n-S-bn-√. B[p-\n-I-amb

km-t¶-Xn-I-i-_vZ-ß-fn¬ Cu ]Z-Øn\v AX ta¬ kzoIm-cyX ssIh-

∂n-cn-°p-∂p. hnhn[ aX-h‡m-°fpw aXm-\p-Iq-en-Ifpw aX-ap-‡cpw aX-

\n--tj-[n-Ifpw ssZh-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-amb hyXykvX cmjvSob t\Xm-°-

≥amcpw Xß-fpsS hm°n-eqsStbm ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsStbm \jvS-s∏-Sp-

Ønb kln-jvWp-Xbpw klm-\p-`q-Xnbpw Xncn®v ]nSn-°p-∂Xv "R-ßƒ

a-tX-X-cXzw apdpsI ]nSn-°p-∂-h-cmWv' F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-´p-sIm-≠m-Wv.

1851-¬ hnJymX _nójv Nn¥-I-\mb tPm¿Pv tlmfn-tbm-°mWv (G-eorge Holyoake) BZy-ambn temI-Øn\v ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. F-≥-

ssk--t¢m-]o-Unb _n´m-\n° Atheism (\nco-iz-c-hm-Zw) F∂ Xe-s°-

ń¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv skIyp-en-dn-k-sØ-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv. \nco-

iz-c-hm-ZsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-®v F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb _n´m-\n° ]d-bp∂p:

""]m-tbm-Kn-I-\n-co-iz-c-hmZw ]tbm-K-Øn¬ ssZh-\n-tj[w Xs∂-bm-Wv.

A-Øcw Hcp Z¿i-\sØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ssZh-apt≠m F∂ tNm-

Zyw Pohn-X-Øns‚ A¿Yhpw a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sp-I-fp-ambn

_-‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ A]-k-‡-am-Wv. apºv ]IrXni‡n-I-tfmSv tN¿-

Øv ]d™ ]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ°v imkvXob hni-Zo-I-cWw Is≠-Øn-b-

tXm-sS B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚ "t]X_m[-sbm-gn™ temIw' ]nd-∂p-ho-

Wp. AXvt]mse Xs∂ sshZy-im-kvXw, hnZym-`ymkw, Ie XpS-ßnb

ta-J--e-I-fn¬ kwL-SnX aX-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w Ah-km-\n-®-tXmsS ssZh-

Ø-n\pw ]c-tem-I-Øn\pw Imcy-amb ]¶n-√mØ Hcp Pohn-X-ho-£Ww h-

f-¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ a\p-jy≥ DZyp-‡-\m-bn. CØcw Hcp PohnX Z¿i-\-

atX-X-c-Xzw

am\-hn-IX

Ckvemw

2013 tabv 22

sØ-°p-dn-°m-\mWv 19-mw \q‰m-≠n-

s‚ a[y-Øn¬ skIyp-en-dnkw F-

∂ hm°v \n¿an-°-s∏-´-Xv.''(1)

tbip-hns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-sf∂v

A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ bqtdm-]y≥˛]m-

›m-Xy cmPy-ß-fnse P\X tbip-

hn-\m¬ ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏´ thZ-]m-T-ßƒ

hnkva-cn-°p-Ibpw X¬ÿm-\Øv

]ptcm-ln-X≥am-cp-sS kzbw-IrX

Bi-b-ßƒ ssZhnI\nb-a-ß-sf∂v

IcpXn BN-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

tb-ip-hn-\m¬ ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏´ aX-\n-

b-a-ßƒ \qdp-i-X-am-\hpw ssZhn-I-

hp-w AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ am\-hn-I-hp-

am-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ k`m]mXn-cn-am-cm-

¬ \n¿an® \nb-a-ßƒ a\p-jy-\n¿an-

X-ß-fm-bXpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ km[m-

cW ]uc≥amsc AXv Gsd _p≤n-

ap-ń-®n-cp-∂p. a[y-Ime bqtdm-∏nse

-cWtIµ-ß-fn¬ N¿®n\pw ]ptcm-

ln-X≥am¿°p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ kzm-[o-

\w Gh¿°pw Adn-hp-≈-Xm-W-t√m.

k`-bpsS kzm[o\w D]-tbm-Kn-®p-

sIm-≠v ]e Zm¿i-\n-I≥am-scbpw

im-kvX-Im-c≥am-scbpw Pbn-en-e-S-

°-pItbm h[n-°p-Itbm \mSv IS-

Øp--Itbm sNbvXp. Keo-en-tbm, tSm-

f-an XpS-ßnb ]Xn-`m-im-en-Iƒ h-

sc ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏- p. ]s£, k- -t°m

k- m-[n-jvTn-X-amb c-W-Iq-S-Ønt\m

am-dnb kmaq-lnI apt∂-‰-ßƒs°-

Xn-sc BPo-hm-\¥w ]nSn®p-\n¬°m-

\m--bn-√. imkvXob kXy-ßƒ sh-

fn-®Øv h∂-t∏mƒ Xß-fpsS ]ptcm-

K-Xn-bpsS XS- -ßƒ°pw \nc-]-cm-

[n--I-fmb imkvX-⁄≥am-cpsS

]oUm-\p-`-h-ßƒ°pw ImcWw k`bpw k-

`m-\n-b-a-ßfpamsW-∂-h¿ a\- n-em-°n. `q-

cn-]£w hcp∂ P\-ßƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw

N-¿®n-s\-Xn-cmbn \ne-sIm-≠p. a[y-Ime

ssI-kvXh aX-tØm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v IqSn

h-cn-Ibpw BZyw ssIkvXh\ntj-[-ambn

cq-]w sIm≠ Nn¥m-[mc ]n∂oSv ssZh-\n-

tj-[-ambn cq]w ]m]n-°p-I-bpam-Wp-≠m-

b-Xv.

ASn-bp-d® InkvXob hnizm-kn-bmb

A-tUmƒ^v ln‰ve-dpsS Iqc-XIfpsSbpw,

N¿®n-s‚bpw Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ aIp-tSm-Zm-l-

c-W-ß-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ k`m ]n-

Xm--°≥am-cpsSbpw Bio¿hm-Z-tØmsS tem-

I-Øv Ac-tß-dnb Ipcniv bp≤-ß-fp-I-fp-

sS-bpw, XpS¿∂v \S∂ aX-Ip‰ hnNm-c-W-

I-fpsS-bpw ^-e-ambn \S∂ Iq´ a\p-jy-

°p-cp-Xn-Ifpw P\-ß-fnse \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-]-

h-W-X-Iƒ°v B°w Iqń. CØ-c-samcp

km-l-N-cy-Øn-emWv atX-X-cXzw F∂ B-

i-bw DS-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Cusbmcp ]›m-Ø-

e-Øn¬ atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v I¬]n-°-s∏-ń-cp-

∂ A¿Yw aX-\n-cm-khpw ssZh\ntj-[hpw

Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv atX-X-c-Xzw (Sec-ularism) F∂ kmt¶-XnI ]tbm-K-Øn\v

tem-I-sa-ºmSpw ]Nmcw kn≤n-®p. F∂m¬

ssIkvX-h-cn¬\n∂v kz¥w P\X t\cn´

A\p-`-h-ß-sf- t]msebmbn-cp-∂-n√ a‰v cm-

Py-ß-fnse Ah-ÿ. hy‡-amb aX-\ntj-

[--Ønt\m \nco-iz-c-hm-Z-Ønt\m t]cn-∏n-

°p∂ Xn‡m-\p-`-h-ßƒ ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw

C√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXvsIm≠v Xs∂ atX-X-c-

Xzw (Secularism) F∂ hmZ-Øns\ bqtdm-

]y-≥ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬\n∂v AS¿Øn kz-

¥-w cmPy-Øns‚˛]-tZ-i-Øns‚ qan-im-kv-

X-hpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn-¬ hymJym-\n-°m≥ XØz-Nn-¥-Icpw Zm-

¿-i-\n-Icpw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn. AXpsIm-

≠p--Xs∂ atX-X-cXzw (Secularism) F∂

]-Z-Øn\v ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-amb A¿Y-ßfpw

B-i-b-ßfpw ssIh-∂p.

C‚¿s\-‰nse kzX¥ hn⁄m-\-tIm-

i-amb ae-bmfw hn°o-]o-Unb atX-X-c-Xz-

sØ-°p-dn®v hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv ImWpI:

""a-tX-X-cXzw sIm≠v Dt±-in-°-s∏-Sp∂ k-

¶o-¿Whpw hnhn-t[m-t±-iy-]-c-hpamb \ne-

]m-Sp-Isf efn-X-amb Hcp \n¿h-N-\-Øntem

Npcp-ßnb Nne hm°p-I-fntem Dƒs°m-≈n-

°p-I ia-I-c-am-Wv. ]q¿hIme atX-X-c-Xz-

hpw B[p-\nI atX-X-c-Xzhpw coXn-I-fnepw

\n-e-]m-Sp-I-fnepw Nne kmay-X-Iƒ Z¿in-

°--m-hp-∂-Xm-sW-¶nepw C∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ a-

aX-ap-‡hpw aX-hn-cp-≤-hp-

amb atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v Hcp

aX-tØmSpw kln-jvWp-Xm-

]q¿hw h¿Øn-°pI km[y-

a-√. \nco-iz-c-hmZ ]Imcw

F-√m aX-ßfpw Ah-bpsS

hn-izm-k-ßfpw Aim-kvXo-

b-hpw Adp-]n-¥n-cn-∏-\p-am-

Wv. GsX-¶n-ep-samcp aXw

im-kvXo-b-am-sWt∂m ]Ir-

Xn-]-c-am-sWt∂m \nco-iz-c-

Xzw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. A-

Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ aX-ß-tfm-

Sp≈ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-fpsS

kao-]\w iXp-Xm-]-chpw D-

≥-aq-e-\m-fl-Ihpw Bbn-cn-

°pw.

2013 tabv 23

tX--X-cXzw apJy-ambpw B[p-\nI ]-

Sn--™m-dns‚ sXmń-en¬ ]nd-∂Xpw

]n∂oSv ]e kaq-l-ß-fn-ep-ambn h-

f-¿∂v hnI-kn-®-Xp-am-Wv.

a\p-jys‚ bp‡nbnepw mj-

bn-epw aXhpw AXn-ù-XnI im-kv-

X-hpw sNep-Øp∂ \nb-¥-W-ß-

fn-¬ \n∂p≈ tamN\w F∂ \ne-

bn--emWv BZyw atX-X-cXzw \n¿hNn-

°-s∏- -Xv. ""kmwkvIm-cntImZvK-Y-\-

Øn-s‚ ]Xo-I-ßsf aXw \n¿W-

bn--°p-∂Xv XS-bpI F∂-XmWv A-

Xn-s‚ e£yw.

kaq-l-Ønse F√m Xe-Øn-

ep-ap≈ N]-e-amb AwKXzw AXv

\o-°n-°-f-bp-∂p. AXv ]q¿W- hf-

¿-®-sb-Øepw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Gs‰-

Sp--°-ep-am-Wv. AXv aX-]-chpw B-

flo-b-]-c-hp-amb Xmßv \o°w sN-

øp--Ibpw a\p-jys\ kz¥w Imen¬

\n¿Øp-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂Xv.

""]Ir-Xnsb aX-Iob A[n-kz-

\-ß-fn¬\n∂v tamNn-∏n-°-em-WXv.''

am-Ivkv shº¬ F∂ P¿a≥ kmaq-

ln-I imkvX-⁄≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

AXo-µnb Bi-bsØ ]mtbm-

Kn-I ]cn-⁄m-\-Øn¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏-

Sp--Øp-Ibpw [m¿an-Ihpw AkvXnXz

kw_-‘-nbp-amb Adn-hp-Iƒ°m-[m-

c-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc a-

tX--Xc Nn¥-I≥am¿ \nc-¥cw ka-

cw \S-Øn. `c-W-IqSw GsX-¶nepw

a-X-hn-izm-k-sØtbm ]tXyI aX-

aq--ey-ß-sftbm t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-

Itbm `c-W-kzm-X-¥yw D]-tbm-Kn-

®v aX-ßsf ]oUn-∏n-°p-Itbm sN-

øn-√ F∂ apJy e£-tØm-sS-bp≈

H-cp Iq´w Bi-b-ß-sfbpw aqey-ß-

sf-bp-amWv atX-X-cXzw F∂ ]Zw

kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂v epAbv A`n-

]m-b-s∏-Sp∂p.''(2)

atX-X-cXzw: Bi-bhpw ]tbm-Khpw

aX-kzm-X-¥y-w, aX-ku-lm¿Zw,

\n-co-iz-c-hm-Zw, aX-ap‡ cmjvSo-b-

hmZw XpS-ßnb F√m-Øcw sshcp-

[ym-[n-jvTnX hmZ-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv "atX-X-cXz'Øns‚ ta-

¬hn-em-k-Ønepw \ymbo-I-c-W-Øn-

ep-am-Wv. F¶nepw atX-X-c-Xz-Øn¬

hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-hsc aq∂mbn Xncn-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

1. ]]©kjvSm-hns‚ AkvXn-XzsØ

\ntj-[n-°p-∂-h¿

teJ-\-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®-

Xv t]mse a[y ssIkvXh bqtdm-∏n-t\m-

Sp-≈ ]Xn-tj-[-am-bmWv Cu hn`m-K-Øn-

¬s]´ atX-X-c-hm-Z-Øns‚ XpS-°w. ]n∂oSv

atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v ]cn-Wmaw kw -hn®v Ahm-

¥-c-hn-`m-K-ßƒ DS-se-Sp-sØ-¶nepw `mjm-

im--kvX-]-c-ambpw Bi-b-]-c-ambpw auen-

Iambpw atX-X-cXzw Cu hn`m-K-hp-am-bmWv

_‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \oXvsj ]d-bp∂p:

""B-[p-\nI XØz-imkvXw hn⁄m-\-]-

Zamb ktµ-i-hm-Z-sa∂ \ne°v ]Xy-£-

ambpw ]tcm-£-ambpw ssIkvXh hncp-≤-

amWv.'' djy-bn¬ DZbw sNøp-Ibpw ]n-∂o-

Sv temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ Bi-

b--]-c-ambn kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-Ibpw sN-

bv-X- Iayq-Wnkw ssZh-\n-tj[w apJy-ap-

Z-bpw apZm-hm-Iy-hp-am-°n-b-Xm-Wv. Imd¬

amIvkns‚ kmln-Xy-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-ÿm-\-

Øv \n¿Ø-s∏´ ssZh-k-¶¬]w ssIkv-

X-h k¶¬]-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p F∂v am¿Ivkn-

b≥ kmln-Xy-ßƒ hmbn-®m¬ a\- n-em-

Ip-w. ]s£, [nj-Wm-im-en-bmb am¿Ivkv

AXv tIhe ssIkvXh hna¿i-\-ß-fm-

°m-sX temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ ssZh-hn-izm-k-

Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn kmam-\y-h¬°-cn-°p-I-bm-

Wp-≠m-b-Xv. aX-ßsf apgp-h-\m-bn-s°m-≠p-

≈ At±-l-Øns‚ kmam-\y-h-Xv°-cWw

tem-I-Øns‚ hnhn[ mK-ß-fn¬ am¿Ivkn-

b≥ Bi-b-ßƒ°v A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw

A\p-hm-N-I-scbpw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Øp. F√m

a-X-ß-fn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]utcm-lnXyambn-

cp-∂p CXn\v Imc-Ww. F√m aX-ß-fn-se-

bpw ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn\v kam-\-X-I-fp-≠v.

ssZ-h-h-N-\-ßsf hf-s®m-Sn®v ]ptcm-ln-X-

≥-am¿°pw Ah-cpsS kp`n-£-amb Pohn-X-

a\pjysc√mw Hcm-Wn¬-\n-

∂pw s]Æn¬\n∂pw DS-se-

Sp-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw Idp-Ø-

h\v shfp-Ø-h-t\-°mfpw

shfp-Ø-h\v Idp-Ø-h-t\-

°mfpw Ad-_nt°m A\-d-

_nt°m P∑-Øn-s‚tbm hw-

i-Øn-s‚tbm h¿K-Øn-s‚-

tbm tZi-Øn-s‚tbm `mj-

bp-tStbm ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

Hcp-hn[ tijvT-X-bp-an-s√-

∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]-

\w. GXv aX-hn-`m-K-°m-c-\m-

bmepw Ah≥ Xs‚ ktlm-

Z-c-\m-sW-∂mWv Ckvem-anI

hnizmkw.

2013 tabv 24

Øn\pw A\p-Iq-e-am°n am‰n-sb-gp-

Xp-I-bmWv F°m-e-sØbpw ]ptcm-

ln-X¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. Xßƒ ssZ-

h--Øns‚ a[y-h¿Øn-Ifpw ip]m-¿i-

I-c-p-am-bmWv Ah¿ kzbw ]cn-N-b-

s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ]hm-

N-I≥am¿ ]Tn-∏n® XØz-ß-fp-ambn

]ptcm-ln-X≥am-cpsS Bi-b-ßƒ°v

bmsXm-cp-hn[ _‘-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-

∂n-√. CØcw Nqj-W-ßƒs-°-Xn-

sc i‡-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-®-hcpw ssZ-

h--tØmSv ]m¿Yn-°m≥ a[y-h¿Øn-

Iƒ Bh-iy-an-s√∂v ]Tn-∏n-®-h-cp-am-

bn-cp∂p ]hm-N-I≥am¿. ]hm-N-I-

≥-am-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ssZh-Øn-

s‚ ]Xn-]p-cp-j-∑mcpambn Na-™v

P-\-ßsf NqjWw sNbvXn-cp∂

]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ Xń∏v A-`y--kv-

X-hn-Zysc aX-Øn¬\n∂v AI-‰m≥

Imc-W-am-bn. ssIkvXh k`m hn-

cp-≤amb Iayq-Wn-k-Øn\v Aß-s\-

-bmWv a‰v aX-ß-fn¬ A\p-bm-bn-I-

ƒ D≠m-b-Xv.

an° temI-cm-Py-ß-fnepw sXc-

s™--Sp∏v \ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw thm-

s´--Sp∏pw XZ-\p-kr-X-amb cmjvSob

]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw c-W-Øns‚ kzm-

`m--hnI \S-]-Sn-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvX-

t∏m-ƒ ip≤-\n-co-iz-cXzw Xß-fpsS

cmjvSob \ne-\n¬]ns\ _m[n°p-

sa∂pw _me‰v s]-ń-bn¬ thmńs‚

`q-cn]£w Ipd-bp-sa-∂pw C¥y t]m-

ep-≈ cmPyßfnse IayqWnÃv h-

‡-m-°ƒ°v \√ t_m[y-ap-≠m-bn-

cp--∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ `qcn-]-

£w hcp∂ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ap-

∂n¬ \nco-iz-c-hmZw, ssZh-\n-tj[w

Xp-S-ßnb ]Z-ßƒ°v ]I-c-ambn "a-

tX--X-cXzw' (Secularism) F∂ km-

t¶--Xn-I-kw⁄ kzoI-cn-®p. CXn-≥-

--e-ambn BZ¿im-i-b-ß-fpsS kwc-

£-Whpw ]mtbm-KnI cmjvSo-b-

Øn-se \ne-\n¬]pw Hcp-t]mse kw-

-c-£n-°-s∏-´p.

aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒs°Xn-cn-ep≈

aX-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS Btcm-]-W-ßƒ

]e-Xm-Wv. aX-ßƒ ImcWw a\p-

jy-¿ XΩn-e-I-ep-Ibpw Ie-ln-°p-

I-bpw ]c-kv]cw sIms∂m-Sp-°p-I-

bpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ aX-ap-‡-

am-b Hcp kaq-l-kr-jvSn-∏n-eqsS am-

X-sa AXv km[y-am-Iq F∂p-amWv

ssZh-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS Btcm-]-W-ß-fn-sem-

∂v. F∂m¬ Xßsf t]mse aX-\n-tj-[-

h-pw ssZh-\n-tj-[hpw kzoI-cn-®m¬ a\p-jy-

l-Xy-Ifpw bp≤-ßfpw Ipd-bp-I-b√ h¿[n-

°p-I-bmWv sNøpI F∂-XmWv ssZh-\n-

tj[ atX-X-c-hm-Zn-I-fpsS CXx-]-cy-¥-ap≈

N-cn-X-ßƒ \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Iayq-WnÃv djy-bnse aX-ß-tfm-Sp≈

k-ao-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw `qan-bnse kz¿K-

sØ--°p-dn-®p-amWv AXns‚ h‡m-°ƒ°v

]d-bm-\p-≈-sX-¶n¬ AhnsS \ne-\n-∂n-cp-

∂ atX-X-c-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v _lp-`mjm ]-

fin--X\pw Ncn-X-Im-c-\p-amb "k¿hXv ku-

e-Xv' Fgp-Xp-∂Xv ImWpI:

""...djy-bn-sebpw at[y-jy-bn-sebpw ap-

kv-enw-Iƒ°v hnI-k-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ I\-

Ø hne-bmWv \¬tI≠n h∂-Xv. Ah-cp-

sS AkvXnXzw amX-a√ C√m-Xm-°-s∏-´-Xv.

am-\-hn-I-ambpw imco-cn-I-ambpw Ah¿ ]-

£m-f\w sNø-s∏-´p. tkmjy-enÃv kmam-

Py--Øns‚ ASn-aØw F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv cm-

jv-So-bhpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb ASn-aØw

am-X-a-√. AXn-tesd am\-kn-Ihpw Bflo-

b-hp-amb ASn-a-Ø-am-W-Xv. Ahn-sS tk-m-

jy-en-Ãp-Iƒ ssZhsØ \ntj-[n® tijw

kz-bw ssZh-ambn Na-bp-I-bmWv sNbvXn-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. tkmjy-enÃv X-Øz-ß-fp-ambn

tb-mPn-°m-Ø-sX√mw sX‰m-sW-∂m-bn-cp-

∂p Ah-cpsS shbv]v. Xß-fpsS Bi-bm-

Z-¿-i-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SmØ F√m

kw-kvIm-c-ß-sfbpw XpS-®p-\o-°m≥ Ah¿

BK-ln-®p. djy-bn¬ tkmjy-enÃv hnπ-

h-sØ XpS¿∂v Ncn-X-Øn¬ Xpey-X-bn-√m-

-Ø c‡-s®m-cn-®n¬ Ac-tß-dn. ]´m-f-°m¿

amX-a√ AXn¬ h[n-°-s∏-´-Xv. FÆ-a‰

kn-hn-en-b≥amcpw h[n-°-s∏- p. hnπ-hm-\-¥-

ssZh-\n-tj-[-]-c-amb atX-

X-c-Xzw-sIm≠v A\ym-b-amb

bp≤-ßfpw \oXo-I-cn-°m-

\m-hmØ sIme-]m-X-I-ß-

fpw Ah-km-\n-°pI t]m-bn-

´v Ip-d-bp-I -t]m-ep-an-√. adn-

®v AsXmcp KpW-\-I-am-\p-

]m-X-ti-Wn-t]mse A[n-I-

cn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-sX-∂m-

Wv NcnXw \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

2013 tabv 25

cw tkmjy-enÃv Im¿jn-Ihyhÿ

\n¿Zbw ASn-t®¬]n-®Xv aqew

cmPysØ ]e-h´w ISpØ £maw

]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw AXn¬ e£-°-W-

°n-\m -fp -Iƒ ac-W-a -S -bp -Ibpw

sNbvXp. e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Isf

tkmjy-enÃv hnπ-h-Øns‚ iXp-

°-fmbn apZ-IpØn h[n-®p-I-f-bp-

Ibpw tIm¨k≥tS-j≥ Iymºp-

I-fn-te°v Ab-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]n∂oSv ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ GXm≠v

im¥-am -b-t∏mƒ tkmjy-enÃv

t\Xm-°≥am¿ ]c-kv]cw G‰p-apń

acn-®p. hnπ-h-Øn¬ kPoh ]¶v

hln® t\Xm-°ƒ Xs∂ hntZi

GP‚p-I-fmbn apZ-Ip-Ø-s∏´v \nc-

\n-c-bmbn h[n-°-s∏-´p.'' ""...-ap-kvenw-

I-sfbpw CXc aX-hn -izm -kn -I-

sfbpw aX-` -jvS -cm -°p -∂-Xn\v

th≠n-bmWv djy≥ `c-W-IqSw

ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.'' ""...bqtdm-

]y≥ cmPy-ßƒ Ah-bpsS tImf\n

cmjvS -ßsf kmº-Øn-I-ambn

Atß-b‰w NqjWw sNøp-I-bp-

≠m-sb-¶nepw am\-kn -I-ambpw

Bflo-b -ambpw AX-Xs∂

NqjWw sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-

≠p-Xs∂ bqtdm-]y≥ kmam-Py-Xz-

i-‡n-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn≥ Iogn-

em -bn -cp∂ B cmPy-ß-sf√mw

Ct∏mƒ kzX¥ cmjvS-ß-fmbn

amdn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ djy-

bnse tkmjy-enÃv kmamPyw

kmº-ØnI NqjWw A[n -I -

sam∂pw \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn-√. AtX-

k-abw am\-kn-Ihpw Bflo-bhpw

kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Nqj-W-ßƒ ]c-

am-h-[n- I≠v \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-

sIm-≠p-Xs∂ bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ß-fpsS

ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬ Ign™ apkvenw kaq-l-

ßƒ°v ]n∂oSv Bkz-Zn-°m≥ km[n®

kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ kpJm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ at[y-

jy-bnse apkvenwIƒ°v Ct∏mgpw Ign-

™n-ń -√. ]m›mXy kmam -PyXzhpw

tkmjy-enÃv kmam-Py-Xzhpw XΩn-ep≈

hyXym-k-an-XmWv: ]m›mXy kmam-Py-Xz-

Øn¬\n∂v P\-ßƒ°v ap‡n t\Sm≥

Ignbpw. F∂m¬ tkmjy-enÃv kmam-Py-

Xz-Øn¬\n∂v ap‡n t\Sp-I-sb-∂Xv hfsc

hnZq-c-amb Hcp km[yX amX-amWv.''(3)

aX-ap-‡hpw aX-hn-cp-≤-hp-amb atX-X-

c-Xz-Øn\v Hcp aX-tØmSpw kln-jv-Wp-Xm-

]q-¿hw h¿Øn-°pI km[y-a-√. \nco-iz-c-

hm-Z ]Imcw F√m aX-ßfpw Ah-bpsS

hn-izm-k-ßfpw Aim-kvXo-bhpw Adp-]n-

¥n-cn-∏-\p-am-Wv. GsX-¶n-ep-samcp aXw im-

kv-Xo-b-am-sWt∂m ]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-sW-t∂m

\nco-iz-cXzw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. A-Xp-sIm-

≠p-Xs∂ aX-ß-tfm-Sp≈ \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-

fpsS kao-]\w iXp-Xm-]-chpw D≥aq-e-\m-

fl--Ihpw Bbn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ Ckvem-an-

s‚ ÿnXn adn-®m-Wv. F√m aX-ß-fpw ASn-

ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Ckvem-an¬\n-∂mWv D¤-

hn--®-Xv F∂v Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZ-

hn-Im[ym-]-\-ßƒ°v ]Icw ]ptcmln-X≥-

am--cm¬ \n¿an-°-s∏´ \nb-a-ß-fmWv a\p-jy-

k-aq-l-Øns‚ n∂X°v Imc-W-sa∂pw Izp-

¿-B≥ \nco-£n-°p-∂p.

aX-ßƒ ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ `n∂-X am‰m≥

A-h¿°v ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ \¬I-s∏´ auen-

Im-[ym-]-\-ß-fn-te°v aS-ßn-h-c¬ amX-

amWv GI t]mwh-gn. ]hm-N-I≥am¿ ]Tn-

∏n--® auen-I-amb A[ym-]-\-ßƒ F√mw H-

∂m-bn-cp∂p F∂v hyXykvX aX-k-aq-l-ß-

sf Izp¿-B≥ Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

a\pjysc√mw Hcm-Wn¬\n∂pw s]Æn-

¬-\n∂pw DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw Idp-Ø-h-

\v shfp-Ø-h-t\-°mfpw shfp-Ø-h\v Idp-

Ø--h-t\-°mfpw Ad-_nt°m A\-d-_nt°m

P∑-Øn-s‚tbm hwi-Øn-s‚tbm h¿K-Øn-

s‚-tbm tZi-Øn-s‚tbm mj-bp-tStbm A-

Sn--ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp-hn[ tijvT-X-bp-an-

s√∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]-\w. GXv

a-X-hn-`m-K-°m-c-\m-bmepw Ah≥ Xs‚ k-

tlm--Z-c-\m-sW-∂mWv Ckvem-anI hn-iz-m-

kw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ CXc aX-ß-sf-

]--‰n-bp≈ ho£W hyXym-k-ßfpw hna¿i-

\-ßfpw Hcp KpW-Imw£ F∂ \n-e--°mWv

\mw A£-c-ßƒ tN¿Øv

h®v mh-\m-fl-I-ambn a\- n-

em-°nb atX-X-c-Xz-hp-ambn

Hcn-°epw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-

SpI t]mbn´v tIh-e-samcp

Xmc-X-ay-Øn\v t]mepw ]gp-

Xn -√mØ aX-k-ao -]-\-ß-

fmWv atX-X-c-Xzhpw \m\m-

Xz-Øn¬ GI-Xzhpw Ah-

Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cn¬\n∂pw

A[n -Im -cn -I -fn¬\n∂pw

]et∏mgpw D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-

cn-°p-∂Xv.

2013 tabv 26

Izp¿-B≥ ]¶v sh°p-∂-Xv.

aX-Øn¬ Hcp _e-]-tbm-Khpan-

√, k≥am¿Kw Zp¿am¿K-hp-ambn th-

¿-Xn-cn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. (Izp¿-B≥ 2:-255)

F∂mWv Izp¿-Bs‚ A[ym-]-\w.

C-kvem-anI cmjvS-ß-fn¬ Izp¿-B≥

ap-kvenw-I-f-√m-Ø-h¿°v \n¿_‘

]mTy-]-≤-Xn-b-√. \nco-iz-c-hmZw Hu-

tZym--KnI aX-ambn AwKo-I-cn® cm-

jv-S-ß-fn-em-Is´ \nco-iz-c-hmZw \n¿-

_--‘-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Ckvem-anse amXr-Im-tbm-Ky-

amb `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-ßsf Ah-K-

Wn®v X∂n-jvS-]-Imcw `cn® tkz-

Om--[n-]-Xn-Ifpw Ncn-X-Øn-eqsS I-

S-∂v t]mbXv hnkva-cn-°p-∂n-√. F-

∂m-¬ AØcw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ

C-kvem-anI aqey-ßƒ ]men-°m-Ø-

hcpw A[n-Imctamln-I-fp-am-bn-cp-

∂p. Ch¿ sNbvX AI-a-ßƒ C-

kv-em-ans‚ A°u-≠n¬ hchv sh-

°p--∂-Xn\v apºmbn Ch-cpsS Ncn-X-

ßƒ am\y-hm-b-\-°m¿ ]T-\-hn-t[-

b--am-°-Ww. c≠v Imcy-ßƒ A-t∏m-

ƒ \ap°v Kln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 1. ap-

kv-enw \ma-[m-cn-I-fmb tkzOm-[n-]-

Xn-I-fpsS AI-a-Øn\v apkvenw-I-

fpw hnt[-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. 2. Ahsc A-

I--a-Øn\v t]cn-∏n® Imcy-ßƒ°v

aX-]-c-amb am\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

as‰mcp Imcyw Ckvemw hntcm-

[n--Iƒ \√-h-cmb apkvenw `c-W-I-

¿-Øm-°-sf-Ip-dn®v Zpcm-tcm-]-W-ß-ƒ

D-∂-bn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xm-Wv. CXv XpS-

ßn-sh-®Xv _nó-jp-Im-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

_n´s‚ tImf-\n-hm-gvNsb apkvenw

`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ FXn¿Ø-Xmbn-

cp-∂p AXn\v Imc-Ww. Ct∏mƒ \p-

W NcnXw Fgp-Xp∂ tPmen Gs‰-

Sp--Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv Xoh mjnÃv kw-

L-]-cn-hm-c-am-Wv.

ssZh-\n-tj-[-]-c-amb atX-X-c-

Xzw--sIm≠v A\ym-b-amb bp≤-

ßfpw \oXo-I-cn-°m-\m-hØ sIme-

]m--X-I-ßfpw Ah-km-\n-°pI t]m-

bn-´-v Ipd-bp-I -t]m-ep-an-√. adn®v A-

sXm-cp KpW-\-I-am-\p-]m-X-ti-Wn-

t]m-se A[n-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-

sX-∂mWv NcnXw \tΩmSv ]d-bp-

∂--Xv. h¿Ø-am\ ImesØ \nco-iz-

c˛-a-tX-X-cXz h‡m-°-fpsS Im¿an-

I-Xz-Øn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ cmjvSob sIme-

]m-X-I-ßfpw a‰pw hy‡am-°p-∂Xpw \nco-

iz-cXz˛atX-X-cXzw am\p-jnI aqey-ß-sf-

b-pw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sfbpw kwc-£n-°p-

∂--Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏´p F∂p-am-X-am-Wv.

2. kjvSm-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-ep-w

a\p-jys‚ kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn-te°v

ssI-I-S-Øm≥ ssZh-Ønt\m aX-Ønt\m

A-[n-Im-c-an-s√∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ atX-X-c-

hm-Zn-Iƒ.

Cu ImgvN-∏mSn-ep≈ atX-X-cXzw ]Xy-

£-Øn¬ am\p-jnI aqey-ß-tfmtSm a\p-

jy-m-h-Im-i-ß-tfmtSm G‰p-ap- p-∂n-√. F-∂m-

¬ aXw hy‡n-bpsS kzIm-cy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬

]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ coXn-bn-ep≈ atX-X-

c-Xz-Øns‚ ]mtbm-Kn-IX F]-Im-c-am-sW-

∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\m-hm-Øn-S-tØmfw CØ-

c-Øn-ep≈ atX-X-c-XzsØ \n¿hNn-°pI

km[y-a-√. hnizm-kw, kvt\lw, Icp-W, Kp-

W-Imw£ XpS-ßnb KpW-ßƒ B¿Pn-°-

W-sa∂pw If-hv, NXn, h©-\, Zpcm-K-lw,

Al-¶m-cw, kzm¿YX XpS-ßnb Zqjy-ßƒ

shSn-b-W-sa∂pw F√m aX-ßfpw AXns‚

A-\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p. CXn¬

hnizmkw amX-amWv am\-kn-I-amb Hcp I-

¿-aw. as‰√m \∑-Ifpw Xn≥a-Ifpw a\p-jy-

s‚ ùXnI I¿a-ßfpw kmaq-lnI_m[y-

X-IfpsS Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-

hp-am-Wv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a\p-jy\v hy‡n-

]-c-am-bn-´p≈ Hcp Imcyw C√ F∂-XmWv

h-kvXp-X. a\p-jys‚ P\-\-sØ-Xp-S¿-∂p-

≈- Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Ah≥ kaq-l-hp-am-

bn IqSp-X¬ CS-]-g-Ip-Ibpw kaq-l-hp-ambn

Cgp-In-t®-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. "hy-‡n'Ifp-

s-S hy‡nXz cq]o-I-cWw hsc \S-°p-∂Xv

k-aq-l-Øn¬ \ne-hm-c-Øn\pw G‰-°p-d-®n-

ep-Iƒ°pw A\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂Xv

kpµ-c-amb hm°p-Iƒ D]-

tbm-Kn®v P\-ßsf sX‰p-[-

cn -∏n -°p-Ibpw ]tbm-K-

Øn¬ AXn\v FXncv ]h¿-

Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ k-

ao-]\w Ckvem-an-\n-√. C-kv-

emw bmYm¿Yy-ßƒ aqSn-sh-

°p-Itbm hf-s®m-Sn-°p-I-

tbm sNømsX \ne-]mSv hy-

‡-am-°p-∂p. F√m aX-ß-

fpw H∂mWv Ft∂m GXv am-

¿-Kw kzoI-cn-®mepw kz¿K-

Øn-¬ t]mIm-sat∂m Ckv-

emw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.

2013 tabv 27

hy-‡-amb Hcp bmYm¿Yy-am-W-t√m.

Hcp hy‡n X\n-®m-Ip-tºmƒ aX-

im-k-\-b-\p-k-cn®v kXy-k-‘X ]p-

e-¿Øp-Ibpw kaq-l-Øn¬ h∂v a‰v

a\p-jy-cp-ambn \S-Øp∂ CS-]m-Sp-I-

fn¬ h©\ ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøm-

≥ Ign-bptam? hy‡n-]-c-ambn k≥-

am-¿-Kn-bm-Im\pw kaq-ln-I-ambn Zp-

¿-am-¿Kn-bm-Im\pw a\p-jy\v Ign-bp-

tam? kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ aXw

I-S∂v hccpXv F∂Xv sIm≠v F-¥m-

Wv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv F∂v AXns‚

h-‡m-°ƒ°v Xs∂ Adn-bn-√. k-

Xy-w, [¿aw, \oXn-]m-e-\w, B-fl-m-¿-

Y--X, XpS-ßnb kXvhn-Im-c-ßƒ k-

aq--l-Øn¬ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns\ a-

Xw kaq-l-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xmbn

hy-mJym-\n-°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂mWv

adp-]-Sn-sb-¶n¬ ]ns∂ kaq-l-tØm-

Sv Rm≥ C∂ aX-°m-c-\mWv F∂v

]d-bp-∂-Xn-s\tbm aX-Øns‚ Nn”-

ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-s\tbm B-

tWm Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv? Aßn-s\-sb-

¶n-¬ ]kvXpX atX-X-cXzw ]men-

°p-∂ Bcpw Xs∂-bn-s√∂v ]d-tb-

≠n hcpw. hy‡n-]-c-ambn sslµ-

h--hn-izm-k-ap-≈-bmfpw Ckvem-anI

ho-£-W-ap-≈-bmfpw InkvXp-aX hn-

izm-knbpw kaq-l-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-

Sp-∂Xv Ahs‚ aX-Øns‚ te_-

tem-Sv IqSn Xs∂. ]c-ky-ambn \nco-

iz-c-hmZw ]Jym-]n-®-bmƒ t]mepw

C-Xn¬\n∂v ap‡-\-√. ImcWw ssZ-

h hnizm-kn°v hnizm-k-Øns‚ A-

Sn--ÿm-\-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°m≥ Ah-

Im-i-an-s√-¶n¬ \nco-iz-c-hn-izm-kn°v

Abm-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn¬ hn[n ]d-

bm\pw Ah-Im-i-an-√. ImcWw atX-

X-cXzw sIm≠v km£m-XvIr-X-am-Ip-

∂ ka-Xz-Øn\v FXn-cm-W-Xv. CX-

√m-Ø as‰mcp cq]w aXw "kmaq-ln-

I--Po-hn-X-Øn-en-S-s]-S-cpXv' F∂v hym-

Jym--\n-°-s∏-Sp∂ atX-X-c-Xz-Øn-\p-

s≠--¶n¬ AXns‚ h‡m-°ƒ Nq-

≠n--°m-Wn-°-W-sa∂v Xm¬]-cy-s∏-

Sp--∂p. aX-ap-‡-cmb cmjvSo-b-]m¿ń-

I-ƒ t]mepw ÿm\m¿Ynsb \n¿-

Øp--tºmƒ ]tZ-iØv `qcn-]-£-ap-

≈- aX-°msc PmXn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ Xs∂ \ma-\n¿tZiw sNøp-

∂Xv Nncn°v hI \¬Ip-∂p.

3. F√m aX hnizm-k-ßƒ°pw

Xp-ey ]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂p F∂v Ah-Im-

i-s∏-Sp∂ atX-X-cXzw.

C¥y≥ atX-X-cXzw Cu aq∂mw hn`m-

K-Øn¬ s]Sp∂p F∂mWv Ah-Im-i-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv. 1950 P\p-hcn 26-\v AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´

C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ skIyp-e-dnkw

F∂ hm°v BI-kvan-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-

sh-∂-√msX Hcp c-W-L-S\m Bi-b-ambn

Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cp-∂n-√. tIm¨Ãn-‰yp-j-\m-b-

Xn-\p-ti-jhpw skIyp-e-dnkw F∂ `c-W-

L--S\ Bibw C¥y≥ P\-ßƒ Hcp s]m-

Xp N¿®-bn-eqsS a\- n-em-°n-bn-ń-√. Hcp

dn-∏-ªn-°mbn 26 h¿j-ßƒ°v tijw 1976-

-emWv \m¬]-Øn-c≠mw `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-

K-Xn-bn-eqsS skIyp-e-dnkw BZy-ambn

C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ Dƒ∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.

F-¶nepw ]Sn-™m-d≥ temIØv hnh-£n-

°-s∏-´Xv t]mse aX-hn-cp-≤-amb Hcp Po-

hn-X ]≤-Xn-bm-b√ C¥y≥ atX-X-c-Xz-

sØ s]mXpsh a\- n-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. C-

¥y-bpsS _lp-aX kwkvIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v

Dcp-Øn-cn-bp∂ cmjvSob kmaqly ImgvN-

∏m-Sp-Iƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn Hcp aX-tØmSpw

]tXy-I-amb aa-Xtbm hnth-N-\tam ]p-e-

¿-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-I F∂mWv ]e tZiob t\-

Xm--°≥amcpw apºv hni-Zo-I-cn-®n- p-≈-Xv. F-

∂m¬ C¥y≥ atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v Jfin-X-

am-b Hcp \n¿hN\w \mfn-Xp-hsc \¬I-

s∏-´-n-ń-√ F∂Xv sIm≠p-Xs∂ Hmtcm-cp-

Øcpw kz¥w am\-knI \ne-hm-c-Øn-\-\p-

k--cn®v sIm≠v C¥y≥ atX-X-c-XzsØ hn-

h--£n-°p-∂p.

atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v H∂n-e-[nIw `mjy-ß-

ƒ \¬Ip-∂Xv bp‡n-lo-\-am-sW∂pw F-

√m aX-ß-sfbpw _lp-am-\n°pw F∂-co-

Xn-bn-ep≈ atX-X-c-Xz-Øns‚ \n¿hN\w a-

GI-\mb A√m-lp-hns\

amXw Bcm-[n-°-W-sa∂v

]Tn-∏n -°p∂ Ckvemapw,

]nXmhpw ]pX\pw ]cn-ip-

≤m-flm-hp-amb aq∂v ssZh-

ßsf Bcm-[n-°-W-sa∂v

]d-bp∂ InkvXp-a-X-hpw,

ap∏-Øn-ap-t°mSn ssZh-ß-

fp≈ lnµp-a-Xhpw Htc

t]mse kXy-am -hp-∂-sX-

ßs\?

2013 tabv 28

X -]£]mXn-Xz-amWv F∂pw tPm¿-

Pv tlmfn-tbm°v atX-X-c-Xz-Øn\v \-

¬-Inb \n¿hN-\-amb "`c-W-Iq-S-

Øn-\v aX-an√' F∂ \n¿hN\w am-

X-sa AXn-\p≈q F∂pw ka¿Yn-

®p--sIm-s≠-gp-Xnb ae-bmfw hn°n-

]o-Un-b- teJ-\-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p:

"djy≥ Du¿-P-X-¥hpw Ata-cn-

°-≥ _tbm-f-Pnbpw C√m-ØXv t]m-

se C¥y°v amX-am-sbmcp atX-X-

c-Xzhpw bp‡n-lo-\-amWv'(4)

imkvX-sØbpw kn≤m-¥-sØ-

bpw H∂mbn D]-an® teJ-Is‚ bp-

‡n-lo-\X ]kvXpX teJ-\-Øn¬

\n-g-en-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw C¥y≥

atX-X-c-Xzw hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-bn¬

hymJym-\n-°m≥ Hcp-]mSv ]gp-Xp-I-

fp-s≠∂v ]kvXpX teJ\w \sΩ

t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. amX-hp-a√,

lnµp Xoh-hm-Zn-I-fpsS ta¬t\m-´-

Ø-nepw Im¿an-I-Xz-Ønepw \S-°p∂

t_mw_v kvt^mS-\-ßfpw hwi-l-

Xy-Ifpw \sΩ Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂-Xv `c-

W-IqSw Xpey-]-cn-K-W\ F√m aX-

ßƒ°pw \¬Ip-∂p-s≠-¶nepw qcn-

]£w hcp∂ kaqlw AXv AwKo-

I-cn-°p-∂n√ F∂-Xm-Wv. ]kw-K-ß-

fnepw ]kvXm-h-\-I-fnepw kpµ-c-am-

b C¥y≥ atX-X-c-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v

]-kw-Kn-°p-∂-h-cpsS Iäp-ºn¬

Xs∂-bmWv _m_dn akvPnZv X-I-

¿-°-s∏-´Xpw Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew I-

gn--™n´pw k¿°m¿ AXv ]p-\-¿\n-¿-

a-n-°m-Ø-Xpw.

kpµ-c-amb Bi-b-Øns‚ ]Nm-

c-I-cmbn amdp-∂-h¿ Xs∂ ]mtbm-

Kn--I-ambn F¥mWv atX-X-cXzw F∂v sXfn-

bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏- p. kXy-Øn¬ C-

Xn¬ henb A¤p-X-sam-∂p-an-√. PmXo-b-

Xbpw D®-\o-N-Xz-ßfpw hns´m-gn-bmØ Hcp

kaq-l-Øn¬ a\p-jys\ P∑\m Xmgv∂-h-

\mbpw Db¿∂-h-\mbpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

a-tX-X-cXzw F∂ ]Zw hym]-I-am-bn´pw Pm-

Xo--b-amb Cu hnth-N\w C∂pw \ne-\n-¬-

°p-∂p.

hm°p-I-sfbpw hmN-I-ß-ssfbpw h-f-

sc kpµ-c-ambn tIm¿Øn-W°nbpw hnIm-

cm-[o-\-X-tbm-sS-bp-amWv C¥y≥ atX-X-c-

Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v \oXn-]m-e-Icpw kmwkvIm-

cn-I \mb-Icpw cmjvSob t\Xm-°≥amcpw

\ap°v apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F-∂m-

¬ \mw A£-c-ßƒ tN¿Øv h®v `mh-\m-

fl--I-ambn a\- n-em-°nb atX-X-c-Xz-hp-ambn

Hcn-°epw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SpI t]mbn´v tIh-

e-samcp Xmc-X-ay-Øn\v t]mepw ]gp-Xn-√m-

Ø aX-k-ao-]-\-ß-fmWv atX-X-c-Xzhpw \m-

\m-Xz-Øn¬ GI-Xzhpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-

h--cn¬\n∂pw A[n-Im-cn-I-fn¬\n∂pw ]-e-

t∏m-gpw D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv.

""k¿°m¿ hnZym- ymk kwhn-[m-\-Øn\v

Io-gn-ep≈ _rl-Ømb kam-¥-c-hn-Zym-

`ymk kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw IqSp-X¬ i‡n

]m-]n-°p-∂p-≠v. 1977-¬ B¿.Fkv.Fkv

ÿm]n® hnZym -`m -cXn (hn -Zym -`m -cXn

AJn¬ `mc-Xob in£≥ k≥kvX≥)

lrZ-b-ß-fn-¬ h¿Ko-b-X-bp-sSbpw lnµp

tZio-b-hm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw hnj-hn-Øp-Iƒ

]mIp-∂p-≠v. C-h-cpsS 28000tØmfw hcp∂

hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ GXm≠v 1,60,000-tØmfw

A[ym-]-I-¿ tPmen sNøp-∂p. antkm-dm-an¬

HgnsI C-¥y-bn¬ F√m kwÿm-\Øpw

hnZym-`m-c-Xn ÿm]-\-ß-fp-≠v.

lnµpXz ]XybimkvX-tØmSpw tZio-

b-X-tbmSpw A¿∏W at\m-`m-h-ap≈ Hcp

Xe-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Hcp

tZiob hnZym-`ymk kwhn-[m\w hf¿Øn-

sb-Sp-°p-I-bmWv Xß-fpsS e£y-sa∂v

hnZym-`m-cXn A¿Y-i-¶-°n-S-bn-√m-Ø-hn[w

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. hnZym-`m-c-Xn-bpsS hyh-

ÿm--]n-X-amb hf¿® hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-

bn¬ ]nSn-ap-dp-°p-∂-Xns\ kwL-]-cn-hmcw

F-¥p-amXw Kuc-h-Øn-emWv ImWp-∂Xv

F∂-Xn\v hy‡-amb sXfn-hm-Wv. hnZym-`m-

c--Xnsb IqSmsX Hmtcm kwÿm-\-Øn-s‚-

bpw ]tZ-i-Øn-s‚bpw kmaq-lnI cm-jv-So-

b khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ°\p-k-cn®v hyXy-kvX-

\m-a-ß-fn¬ ]cn-hm-c-Øns‚ hnZym-e-b-ßƒ

]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. kc-kzXn inip-a-µn¿,

_m“-W-s\tbm iqZ-s\-

tbm Nfim-f-t\tbm Ipdn-®-

√ Ckvemw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu

temIsØ lnµphpw In-kv-

Xym-\nbpw blq-Z\pw ssP-

\-\pw _p≤\pw kn°p-Im-

c\pw ]mgvknbpw F∂p-th-

≠ aX-ap-≈-h\pw C√m-Ø-

h\pw Cuiz-cs\ \ntj-[n-

°p∂ \mkvXn-I\pw Bcm-

I-s´ F√m-hcpw Hcm-Wn-¬-

\n-∂pw s]Æn-¬-\n-∂pw D¤-

hn-®-XmWv F∂mWv Ckv-em-

ans-‚ ]Jym-]-\w.

2013 tabv 29

[m-\ sh√p-hn-fn-I-fn-sem-∂mWv \mw hm-bn-

®-Xv. h¿Ko-b-hm-Zn-I-fpsS amXw A°u-≠n-

¬ tN¿°m-hp-∂-XmWv CsX-¶n¬ Biz-kn-

°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ \nba˛`-c-W-kw-hn-

[m-\-ßƒ hsc C¥y≥ atX-X-c-XzsØ tNm-

Zyw sNøp∂ coXn-bn¬ FØ-s∏- p-sh-¶n¬

C¥y≥ atX-X-c-Xz-Øns‚ A¿Yhpw bm-

Ym¿Yyhpw F¥v F∂ tNmZyw ]ns∂-bp-w

Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p.

Ckvemapw atX-X-c-Xzhpw

atX-X-cXzw F∂ hm°n-\-∏p-dØv aX-

ß--fp-sSbpw Z¿i-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]c-kv]-c-

ap≈ kao-]-\-co-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®mWv \mw C-

Xp-hsc N¿® sNbvX-Xv. Ckvem-ans‚ ]c-

a-X kao-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-Iƒ°v

apºmbn Ckvemw F∂m¬ F¥mWv F∂v

km-am-\y-co-Xn-bn¬ Adntb≠-Xp-≠v. F-∂m-

¬ amXsa atX-X-cXz N¿®-Iƒ A[-c-hym-

bm-a-ß-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-ambn ]mtbm-Kn-I-Po-

hn-X-Øn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bq.

]]-©-Ønse kI-e-N-cm-N-c-ßƒ°pw

Ir-Xy-amb hyh-ÿbpw I¿a-ßfpw \n›-

bn-® ]]© kjvSmhv a\p-jys\ Cu qan-

bn¬ Pohn-°m≥ \ntbm-Kn-®-Xp- ap-X¬

]men-t°-≠p∂ \nb-a-ßƒ \¬In-s°m-≠n-

cp-∂p. a\p-jy¿°v ssZhn-I-k-tµ-i-ßƒ \-

¬-Ip-∂-Xn\v th≠n A√mlp a\p-jy-cn¬\n-

∂p Xs∂-bmWv am¿K-Z¿in-Isf Xnc-s™-

Sp-Ø-Xv. BZysØ a\p-jys\ AYhm apgp-

h≥ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw ]nXm-hn-s\-bmWv H∂m-

asØ am¿K-Z¿in-bmbn A√mlp \ntbm-

Kn-®-Xv. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ hnImk ]cn-

W-ma L -ß-fn-se√mw A√mlp A]-Imcw

Hmtcm am¿K-Z¿in-Isf \ntbm-Kn-®p. B am-

¿-K-Z¿in-I-fm-bn-cp∂p \_n-am¿ AYhm ]-

hm--N-I≥am¿. ]e tZi-ß-fn¬, kaq-l-ß-

`m-c-Xob hnZym-\n-tI-X≥, KoXm

hnZym--e-b, kc-kzXn _me-hn-Zym-eb

XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-Ww. 1966-¬-X-

s∂ hnZym-`m-cXn ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-

sf--°p-dn®v F≥.kn.C.B¿.Sn \S-

Ønb Hcp ]T-\-Øn¬, ]kvXpX

kw-kvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hnZym- ym-

-kw F∂ t]cn¬ ]c-aX hntZz-j-

hp-w aX-`m-¥p-amWv hnZym¿Yn-I-fn-

te-°v ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-sX∂v

Nq≠n--°m-Wn-®n-cp-∂p. 1528-\pw 1914-

\pw CS-bn¬ "cma-P-∑-`qan' Ip-d-™-

Xv 77 Xh-W-sb-¶nepw Itø-d-s∏-´p.

CXn-\n-S-bn¬ aq∂-c-e-£-tØmfw `-

‡-∑m¿ CXv ]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\mbn

kz-Po-hn≥ _en-I-gn-®p XpS-ßnb

A-k-Xyhpw aX-hn-tZzjw hf¿Øp-

∂-Xp-amb `mK-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A∂v

Xs∂ Btcm-]-W-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cm-

Py--Øp-S-\ofw Cu kvIqfp-I-fn¬ G-

Io--IrX kne-_-kmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-

∂-Xv. \nc-£-cX C√m-Xm-°m≥ th-

≠n-bp≈ k¿°m-¿ Kmt‚mSv IqSn-

bp-≈ A\u-]-Nm-cnI GIm-[ym-]I

hnZym-e-b-ß-fnepw kwL-]-cn-hm-c-

Øn\pw Ah-cpsS h¿Kob AP-≠-

I-ƒ°pw Imcy-amb kzm[o-\-ap-≠v.

a-[y-]-tZ-iv, OØo-kvKUv XpS-ßnb

kwÿm-\-ß-fn-enXv GXm≠ ]q¿-

W-a-m-Wv. CØcw hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬

"k-c-kzXn hµ-\hpw' a‰v sslµ-h-

t«m--I-ßfpw b⁄-ßfpw \n¿_-

‘n-X-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. a[y-

]--tZ-in¬ 2007s‚ XpS-°-Øn-¬-X-

s∂ "kqcy-\-a-kvImcw' \n¿_-‘-am-

°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv 2009-¬ D®-`-£-

W--Øn\v apºv hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ kw-kv-

Ir--X-t«m-I-amb "t`mP-\-a¥w' Dcp-

hn-S-W-sa∂pw \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-´p. C-

°--gn™ G]n-en¬ Nulm≥ k-¿-

°-m¿ F√m hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw \n¿_-

‘--ambpw "KoXm-kmcw' ]Tn-°-W-sa-

∂v DØ-c-hn-´p. CXn-s\-Xnsc Nne

kw-L-S-\-Iƒ tImSXnsb kao-]n-

s®--¶nepw Hcp GImwK _©v k¿-

°m-¿ DØ-chv icn-h-®p. ChnsS kw-

ÿm\ k¿hI-em-im-e-Iƒ kwL-

]--cn-hm-c-Øns‚ ]Nm-c-W-ß-fp-sS

]co-£-W-im-e-I-fm-sW∂p a\p-

jym-h-Imi ]h¿Ø-I¿ Btcm-]-

W-ap-∂-bn-°p∂p.''(5)

C¥y≥ atX-X-cXzw t\cn-Sp∂ ]-

A\o-Xnbpw AXn-I-a-ß-

fpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m-\mbn

amXw A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ C-

kv-em-anI bp≤-ß-fn¬-t]m-

epw ]c-aX klnjvWpX hy-

‡-ambn ]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßƒ XI¿°-

cp-sX∂pw Bcm-[\m\na-·-

cm-b-hsc D]-Z-hn-°-cp-sX-

∂pw Ckvem-ans‚ bp≤-\n-b-

a-ß-fn¬ ][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

2013 tabv 30

fn-¬ ]e Ime-ß-fn¬ e£-Øn-¬-

]-cw ]hm-N-I-h-cy≥am¿ P∑w-sIm-≠p.

]hm-N-I≥ \ntbm-Kn-X-cm-hmØ

Hcp kaq-lhpw Ign-™p-t]m-bn- n-s√-

∂v Izp¿-B≥ ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p (Izp-

¿-B≥ 16:36). ]hm-N-I≥am¿ F√mw

]Tn-∏n-®Xv Htc ktµ-i-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]-hm-NI IÆn-bnse Ah-km-\-

sØ ]hm-N-I-\mWv apl-ΩZv \-_n-

. At±-l-Øn\v kjvSm-hmb A-

√m-lp Ah-X-cn-∏n®v sImSpØ K-

Ÿ-am-Ip∂p Izp¿-B≥. a\p-jy¿°v

icn-bmb hnizm-khpw hI-X-bn-√m-

Ø I¿a-ßfpw a\pjy]Ir-Xn°v

A-\p-tbm-Py-amb \nba \n¿tZ-i-ß-

fpw Izp¿-B-\n-eqsS a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn-

\v A√mlp \¬In. Izp¿-B-\nse

h-N-\-ßƒ°v ]mtbm-KnI cq]w kz-

¥w Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS apl-ΩZv Im-

Wn--®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. apl-ΩZv \-_n-°p

tijw C\n-sbmcp ]hm-N-I≥ hcm-

\n-√m-ØXpsIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v

A-h-Xo¿W-amb KŸw Hcp am‰-

Øn-cp-Ø-ep-an-√msX temIm-h-km\w

hsc \ne-\n¬°p-sa∂v Izp¿-B-\n-

eqsS A√mlp Adn-bn-®p. CXmWv

C-kvemw. Ckvemw apl-ΩZv \_nÿm]n® aX-a-√-. adn®v a\p-jym-cw-

`w apX¬ \ne-\n-∂p-t]m∂ ssZhnI

am-¿K-Z¿i-\-amWv Ckvemw. A-√m-

lp ]d-bp∂p:

""\qln-t\mSv A\p-im-kn-®n- p-≠m-

bn--cp-∂Xpw Znhy-k-tµiw hgn C-t∏m-

ƒ Xm¶-fn-te-°-b-®n-´p-≈Xpw C_v-

dm-low, aqk, Cuk F∂n-h-tcm-S-

\p-im-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xp-amb AtX kXy-

k-cWn Xs∂ \nßƒ°v \nb-an®v

X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu kXy-a-XsØ \n-

e-\n¿Øp-I. CXn¬ n∂n-°-cpXv.''(6)

Ckvemw ssZh-t]m-‡-amb aX-

am-b-X-p-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ AXnse Bi-

b-ßƒ kpXm-cy-am-Wv. ""CXm-Ip∂

K-Ÿw CXn¬ kwi-bta C√. kq-

£v-am-ep-°ƒ°v am¿K-Z¿i-\-am-Wn-

Xv.''(7)

kpµ-c-amb hm°p-Iƒ D]-tbm-

Kn®v P\-ßsf sX‰p[cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

]tbm-K -Øn¬ AXn\v FXncv

]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ k-ao-

]\w Ckvem-an-\n-√. Ckvemw bmYm-

¿-Yy--ßƒ aqSn-sh-°p-Itbm hf-s®m-

Sn-°p-I-tbm sNømsX \ne-]mSv hy‡-am-°p-

∂p. F√m a-X-ßfpw H∂mWv Ft∂m GXv

am¿Kw kzoI-cn-®mepw kz¿K-Øn¬ t]mIm-

sat∂m C-kvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. Izp¿-B≥

]d-bp-∂p: ""A√m-lp-hn¬ kzoIm-cy-amb

aXw C-kv-emw amX-am-Ip∂p.''(8) P\-ß-fpsS

Iø-Sn-bpw ]qam-ebpw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n

k¿haX kXy-hmZw ]kw-Kn-°p∂ aX-t\-

X-m-°ƒ hsc Ah-cpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ h-

gn Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ßsf \ntj-[n-

°p--∂-h-cm-Wv. k¿ha-X-k-Xy-hm-Z-Øns‚

h‡m-°ƒ Ah-cpsS aX-Øn¬ XpS-cp-∂-

Xpw AXn¬ A`n-am-\n-°p-∂Xpw AXns‚

A\p-bm-bn-Isf BI¿jn-°p-∂Xpw Ah¿

kz¥w aXsØ D∂-Xhpw al-Ø-c-hp-ambn

ImWp-∂-XvsIm-≠m-Wv. As√-¶n-¬-X-s∂

GI-\mb A√m-lp-hns\ am-Xw Bcm-[n-

°--W-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Ckvemapw, ]n-Xm-

hpw ]pX\pw ]cn-ip--≤m-flm-hp-amb aq∂v

ssZ-h-ßsf B-cm-[n-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp∂

In-kv-Xp-a-X-hpw, ap∏-Øn-ap-t°mSn ssZh-ß-

fp≈ lnµp-a-Xhpw AXn¬Xs∂ Pohm-flm-

hpw ]c-am-flmhpw H∂m-sW-∂v kn≤m-¥n-

°p-∂ AssZz-X-hpw Cuiz-ct\ Cs√∂v hn-

iz-kn-°p-∂ IWmZ Z¿i-\hpw (Nm¿hm-Iw)

H-tc t]mse kXy-am-hp-∂-sX-ßs\?

Ckvemw amX-amWv bYm¿Y tam-£--am-

¿-K-sa∂v ]kvXm-hn-°p∂ Izp¿-B-\n¬-X-

s∂ CX-c-k-aq-l-tØmSv kln-jvWp-X-tbm-

S-pw kmtlm-Z-cy-tØm-sSbpw h¿Øn-°-W-

sa-∂p-IqSn ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.

""a\p-jysc \nß-fpsS \mYs\ kq-£n-

A`n-]mbkzmX¥yw F∂v

]d-bp-tºmƒ shdpsX hmb

sIm≠v ]d-bm-\p≈ kzmX-

¥y-am-sW-∂mWv A¿Y-am-

°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv al-

Øm-sbmcp Bi-b-sam-∂p-a-

√. A`n-]mbw \ymb-sa-¶n¬

AXv \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ k-

∂-≤-X-bp-≈n-SØv amXsa

A`n-]m-b-kzm-X-¥yw AwKo-

I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v ]d-

bm-≥ Ign-bq.

2013 tabv 31

°p-I. Hscm‰ Bflm-hn¬-\n-∂v \n-

ß-sf krjvSn-°p-Ibpw AtX B-

flm--hn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ AXns‚ C-W-

sb krjvSn-°p-Ibpw Ah c≠n-¬-

\n--∂p-ambn [mcmfw kvXo]p-cp-j-≥-

am-sc temIØv hym]n-°p-I-bpw sN-

bv-X-h-\sX Ah≥.''(9)

a\p-jy-cn¬ Db¿∂-h-\m-b _m-

“-W-s\tbm Xmgv∂-h-\mb iqZ-

s\-tbm a\p-jyt\ A√mØ N-fim-

f-t\tbm Ipdn-®√ Ckvemw ]d-bp-

∂--Xv. Cu temIsØ lnµphpw In-

kvXym-\nbpw blq-Z\pw ssP-\-\p-w

_p≤\pw kn°p-Im-c\pw ]mgv-kn-bpw

F∂p-th≠ aX-ap-≈-h\pw C-√m-Ø-

h\pw Cuiz-cs\ \ntj-[n-°p∂ \m-

kvXn-I\pw Bcm-Is´ F√m-hcpw H-

cm-Wn¬\n∂pw s]Æn¬\n∂pw D¤-

hn-®-Xm-Wv F∂ ]Jym-]-\w.

Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m-≠nepw

a\p-jy-s\ X´p-I-fm°n hn -Pn-°p∂

Pm-Xo-b-X-°pw h¿Wm-ia [¿a-Øn-

\pw atX-X-c-Xz-Ø-ns‚ tae-¶n-b-Wn-

bn-®XpsIm-≠p-amXw D®-\o-NXzw

Ah-km-\n-°-n-√. sh≈-°m-cs‚ ap-

¥nb tlm´-ep-I-fn¬ IdpØ h¿K-

°m--c-\v ]th-i-\m-\p-aXn \ntj-[n-

°p∂ \mK-cnI ]m›m-Xy≥ kwk-

vIm--csØ ]cn-h-¿-Øn--∏n-°m≥ \nco-

iz-c atX-XchmZ-Øn\v I-gn-™-Xp-

an--√. ]s£ ]Xn-\mev \q‰m-≠p-I-ƒ-

°p-apºv Izp¿-B-\n¬ AXv ]Jym-

]n-°-s∏´p F∂v amX-a√ km£m-

XvI-cn-°-s∏- p. FtXym-]y-°m-c-\mb

I-dpØ _nem¬ D∂-X-Ip-e-Pm-X-

\m-b A_q-_-°¿, t]¿jy-°m-c-

\mb k¬am≥ F∂n-ß-s\ FX-

sbX a\p-jy¿ hyXykvX kw-kvImcw io-

en--®-h¿, Kmao-W¿, \K-c-hm--kn-Iƒ Hcp

hyXym-k-hp-an-√msX D®-\o-N-Xz-ß-fn-√msX

AXm-bn-cp∂p Izp¿-Bs‚ B-ibw kaq-l-

Øn-¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®p-sIm-≠v ]hm-N-I≥

h-f¿Øn-sb-SpØ kaq-lw. ]hm-N-I≥ X-

s∂ a\p-jy-k-aq-lsØ D]-an-®Xv No-¿∏-n-

s‚ ]√p-Iƒ t]mse Xpey-cm-Wv F√m a\p-

j-ycpw F∂m-Wv.

]hm-N-Is‚ ImeØv amXw D≠m-tI-

≠ Hcp Ah-ÿ-bm-b√ Ckvemw AXns\

I-≠-Xv adn®v Ah-km\ \mfphsc Ckvem-

ans‚ kmaq-ln-I-Im-gvN-∏mSv AØ-c-Øn-ep-

≈-Xmh-Ww. F√m-hcpw Htc-h¿K-°m¿, Hcp

Ip-Spw-_-Ønse AwK-ßƒ. ]hm-N-I≥ ]-

d-™p: ""\n›bw \nß-fpsS ssZhw GI-

\m-Wv \nß-fp-sS-sb√mw ]nXmhpw Hcmƒ

Xs∂. F√mhcpw BZ-an¬\n-∂p-≈-h-cmWv;

B-Z-am-Is´ aÆn¬\n∂pw. AXn-\m¬ sh-

fp-Ø-h\v Idp-Ø-h-t\-°mtfm Ad-_n°v

A-\-d-_n-tb-°mtfm bmsXmcp tijvT-X-

bp-an√; ssZh-`-‡n-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-

√msX.''(10)

]hm-N-I≥ GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS k-

tµ-iw P\-ß-tfmSv ]t_m-[\w sNbvX-

t∏m-ƒ At±-l-Øns‚ P\X At±-lsØ

h-[n-°m≥ KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øn. CXv a\-

n-em-°nb ]hm-N-I≥ ssZh-\n¿tZim-\p-

k-cWw P\n® \mń¬\n∂v ]mem-b\w sN-

bvXp. iXp-°ƒ At±-lsØ hnSm≥ Hcp-

°--a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXnb Xma-k-ÿ-eØpw

A--h¿ ]hm-N-Is\ D]-Z-hn-°m-s\-Øn. k-

Xy--hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v BZ¿i kwc-£-W-Øn-

\v th≠n bp≤m-\-paXn \¬I-s∏-´p. kXy-

]-hm-N-I\v ]]© kjvSm-hns‚ Dt±-iy--

a-\p-k-cn®v hnPbw e`n-®p. 10 h¿j-ßƒ°p-

tijw Xs∂ tZtlm-]-Z-h-ta¬]n-°p-Ibpw

A-]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw h[n-°m≥ ian-°p-I-

bpw sN-bv-X \m´p-Im¿ ]hm-N-Is‚ cm-jv-

So--bm-[n-Im-c-Øn≥ Iogn-em-bn. H∂-S¶w

Ahsc D≥aq-e\w sNøm-am-bn-cp-∂n-´pw ]-

hm--N-I≥ AXv sNbvXn-√. ]-hm--N-Is‚ a-

X-sØ FXn¿Ø-h¿ ]-hm-N-I≥ ITn-\-

ambn shdp-°p-Ibpw G‰hpw A[nIw hn-a-

¿-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvX BNm-c-amb hnK-lm-

cm-[\ kzo-I-cn-®-h¿. ]hm-N-I≥ A∂m-´p-

Im-¿°v s]mXp-am∏v \¬In. Ncn-X-Øn¬

Xp-ey-X-bn-√mØ DZm-c-amb k-ao-]-\w- ssI-

s°m≠v A¥y-\mƒ h-sc-bp≈ kIe a\p-

jy-¿°pw am-Xr-I ImWn-®p. Cu HuZm-cy-

Ø-n\v \-_nsb t]cn-∏n-®Xv atX-X-cXzw

F-∂ Bi-b-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. aXw X-s∂--bm-

a[y-]q¿h tZisØ In-kv-

Xp-aX hnizm-kn-Iƒ ap-kv-

enw `c-W-Øn\v Iogn¬ k-

ºq-¿W kzmX-¥yw A\p-`-

hn-®n-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ tdma-°m-cpsS a¿ZI

`c-W-tØ-°mƒ \√Xv C-kv-

em-ans‚ B[n-]-Xy-amWv F-

∂v Xpd∂v ]d-bm\pw Ah-cn-

se DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏-´-h¿ a-Sn-

Im-Wn-®n-√.

2013 tabv 32

bn-cp-∂p. AsX Ckvemw aX-Øn-

s‚ Ah-km-\sØ ]hm-N-I≥ Ah-

k-m\ thZ-K-Ÿ-amb Izp¿-B-\n-I

kq-‡-ßƒ°v Pohn-Xw-sIm≠v `m-

jy-w cNn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

`qcn-]£w hcp∂ _lp-ssZh-hn-

izm-kn-Iƒ apkvenw-Isf ssZhn-I-\n-

b-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°m≥ kΩ-

Xn-®n-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ apkvenw-I-ƒ-

°v B[n-]Xyw e`n-®-t∏mƒ F√m

a-X--°m¿°pw Bcm-[\m kzmX¥yw

A-\p-h-Zn-®p. Ckvem-an\v \qdv iX-

am--\w B[n-]-Xy-ap≈ Hcp cmjvS-Øn-

se \nb-a-ßƒ°v ASn-ÿm-\-amb

Izp-¿-B-\nse hN-\-ßƒ i≤n-°p.

""aX-Øn¬ Hcp hn[ \n¿_-‘-

hp-an-√. k≥am¿Kw Zp¿am¿Kß-fn¬

\n-∂v th¿Xn-cn™v Ign-™n-cn-°p-

∂p.''(11)

""Xm¶ƒ hnfw-_cw sNøpI: CXv

\n--ß-fpsS c£n-Xm-hn¬\n-∂p≈ k-

Xy--am-Ip-∂p. CjvS-ap-≈-h¿°nXv kzo-

I-cn°mw CjvS-ap-≈-h¿°v \ntj-

[n°mw.''(12)

]hm-N-I\v t]mepw ssZhn-I-k-

tµ-iw FØn-°pI F∂-Xn¬ Ihn-

™v P\-ßsf \n¿_-‘n®v aXw

kz-o-I-cn-∏n-°m≥ A\p-hm-Z-an-s√∂pw

Izp-¿-B≥ A¿Y-i-¶-°n-S-bn-√mØ

hn-[w ]Jym-]n-°p-∂p.

""ssZhnI ktµiw kv]jvS-ambn

Adn-bn-°-e-√msX as‰-s¥-¶nepw

ssZh-Zq-X≥am-cpsS _m[y-X-bn-eq-

t≠m?''(13)

""AYhm Ah¿ ]n¥n-cn-™p-t]m-

hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \ns∂ Ah-cpsS

ta¬t\m- -°m-c-\mbn \mw \ntbm-Kn-

®n--ń-√. ktµiw FØn-t°-≠ _m-

[y-X amXsa \n\-°p≈q.''(14)

""ktµiw hy‡-ambn FØn-®p-

X--cp∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw amXsa \-Ωp-

sS ZqX-\p-≈q.''(15)

""P\-ßƒ hnizm-kn-I-fm-hm≥ Xm-

¶ƒ Ahsc \n¿_-‘n-°p-I-tb-m?

A√mlp Dt±-in-®m-e-√msX Bcpw

hn-iz-kn-°n√.''(16)

""\_ntb Xm¶ƒ DZvt_m-[n-∏n-

®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I. Xm¶ƒ DZvt_m-

[-I≥ amX-am-Wv. Ahsc \n¿_-

‘n®v t\¿am¿K-Øn-em-°-p∂hs\m-

∂p-a√ Xm¶ƒ.''(17)

CX-c-a-X-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Ckvem-ans‚ kao-

]-\-ßƒ°v cq]w sImSp-°p∂ Izp¿-B-\nI

hN-\-ß-fn¬ Nne-XmWv apI-fn-ep-≤-cn-®-Xv.

a-\pjy≥ GXm≠v GXv hnizm-km-Z¿i-ß-

ƒ ssIs°m-≈p-∂-Xn\pw ASn-ÿm-\-Im-c-

Ww A√m-lp-hns‚ \n›-b-am-sW∂v Izp¿-

B-≥ a\p-jy-sc ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-

≠p--Xs∂ am\p-jn-I-amb CS-]m-Sp-I-fn¬

sImSp-°¬ hmß-ep-I-fn¬ kl-I-c-Whpw

hn´p-ho-gvNbpw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW-∂-pw

hn`m-Kob Nn¥-Iƒ°v AhnsS ÿm\-an-s√-

∂p-amWv Izp¿-B≥ \¬Ip∂ ktµiw. G-

sd ]mSn ]pI-gvØ-s∏-Sp∂ atX-X-c-Xz-Øn-

s‚ h‡m-°-fpsS atX-X-cXz kao-]\w hn-

tZz-j-ßƒ°pw D≥aq-e\ ]In-b-Iƒ°pw

Imc-W-am-b-t∏mƒ Ckvem-ans‚ aX-k-ao-]-

\-ßƒ kln-jvWp-Xm-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

CXn\v Imc-Ww hy‡n-]-c-ambn B-tcm-

Spw iXpX ]pe¿Øp-∂n√ F-∂-Xm-Wv. Xn-

∑--I-tfmSv amX-amWv C-kvemw iXpX ]p-

e-¿Øp-∂-Xv. i-Xp-°ƒ hsc Bfl-an-X-ß-

fm-I-W-sa-∂mWv Ckvemw BK-ln-°p-∂-

Xv. "Xn∑sb \-∑-sIm≠v ]Xn-tcm-[n--°pI

A-t∏m-ƒ \ns‚ G‰hpw henb iXp \n-

s‚ Bfl-an-X-ambn Xocpw' F∂-m-Wv Izp¿-

B\ns‚ A-[ym-]-\w. ]hm-N-Is‚ I-SpØ

F-Xn--cm-fnbpw At±-lsØ hI-h-cp-Øm≥

]pd-s∏-´-h-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Da¿. D-a-dns‚ am\-

km-¥-c--Øn\v th≠n-bmWv ]hm-N-I≥ A-

√m-lp-hn-t\mSv ]m¿Yn-®-Xv. ITn-\-i-Xp-hmb

D-a¿ ]n-∂oSv ]hm-N-Is‚ ASpØ A\p-

N-c-\mbn amdn-bXv N-cn-Xw.

apkvenw hntcm[w ]kw-Kn-°p-I-bp-w ]-

≈n--Iƒ XI¿°m≥ AWn-I-sf Blzm\w

sNøp-Ibpw hwi-l-Xy--Isf \ymbo-I-cn-°p-

Ckvem-an-s\bpw AXns‚

tkmX- p-I-sfbpw kXy-k-

‘-amb Ncn-X-am]n-\n-Iƒ

D]-tbm-Kn-®p-]Tn-®m¬ C-kv-

em-ans‚ kXy-Xbpw ssZhn-

I-Xbpw kuµ-cyhpw a\- n-

em-Ipw. Ie¿∏n-√mØ P-

ehpw ip≤-amb hmbphpw

kpXm-cy -amb shfn-®hpw

\mw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv

t]mse Ie¿∏n-√mØ hnizm-

k-hpw \mw Xnc-s™-Sp-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv F∂mWv _p≤n \-

tΩmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

2013 tabv 33

Ibpw sNøp-∂ FXtbm lnµpXz

t\-Xm-°-fp-≠v. \tcµ tamUn, ]-

ho-¨ sXmKm-Un-b, A[zm\n Xp-S-

ßn tIc-f-Øn-se iin-Ie So®¿ h-

sc CkvemwaX hntZzjw ]c-ky-am-

bn ]Jym-]n-°p-I-bpw X¬]-c-I-£n-

I-ƒ AXv C‚-¿-s\-‰n-eqsS ]N-cn-

∏n--°p-Ibpw sN-øp--∂p. kzm`m-hn-I-am-

bpw CØcw B-fp--I-tfmSv Rm\-S-°-

ap≈ apkvenw-Iƒ°v hntbm-Pn∏pw

F-Xn¿∏p-ap≠v; hf-sc-b-[n-Iw. F-

∂m-¬ Ckvem-an-s\--°p-dn®v \njv-]-

£-ambn ]Tn®v kXyw a\- n-em°n

ssZh-am¿K-Øn-te°v Ch¿ IS-∂p-

h-∂m¬ apºv sN-bvX AI-a-ßƒ

Im-cWw Rßƒ A-h-cpsS Ckvem-

am-t«-j-W-Øn\v Hcp ]Xn-_-‘-am-

Ip-I-bn-√. F∂pam-X-a√ kz¥w k-

tlm-Z-c-ß-sf-t]m-se Rßƒ kzoI-

cn-°pw. CXv ]d-bm--\p≈ ImcWw

apkvenw-Iƒ \yq-\-]-£-am-b-Xp-sIm-

≠-√, A¥y-]-hm-N-Is‚ ]mT-ßƒ

Dƒs°m-≠-Xn-\m-em-Wv. Atd-_y-

bn¬ Ckvem-an\v Bflo-bhpw cm-

jv-So-b-hp-amb A[n-Imcw ssIh-∂-

t∏mƒ ]hm-N-Is‚ ]n-Xr-hy\mb

lwksb Hfn-b-sº-bv-Xv NXn-bn¬

sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Ønb h-lv-in F∂-bmƒ

C-kvemw Bt«-jn-®p-. ]q¿hIme ap-

kvenw-Iƒ°pw ]hm--N-I\pw Hcn-°-

epw ad-°m-\m-hm-Ø \jvS-ßƒ°pw

Zpx-Jßƒ°pw Im-c-W-amb hlvin

A∂pap-X¬ Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Øn-

se F√m-h-cmepw BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂

hy‡n-bmbn amdn. temIm-h-km\w

h--sc-bp≈ apkvenw-Ifpw hlvin-

bpsS t]-cv tI´m¬ At±-l-Øn\v

A\p-Klw sNmcn-bm≥ ]m¿Yn-°m-

≥ A\p-im-kn-°-s∏-Sp-amdv kzlm-

_n-I-fn¬ Hcm-fmbn At±lw amdn.

Hcn-°¬ Hcp blq-Z-s‚ ih-a-©w

hln-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ish ]hm-N-

I≥ _lp-am-\--]p-c- cw Fgp-t∂-‰p-

\n--∂p. blq-Z¿ A-°m-e-ß-fn¬ C-

kv-em-ans‚ ISpØ FXn-cm-fn-I-fm-bn-

cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ A\p-N-c≥am¿ ]hm-N-

I-t\mSv tNmZn-®p: "A√tbm ]hm-

N-Isc A-Xv Hcp blq-Zs‚ arX-tZ-

l-as√?

]hm-N-I≥ adp-]Sn ]d-™p: A-

sX, F-¶n-epw At±lw Hcp a\p-jy-

]p-X-\s√?

A\o-Xnbpw AXn-I-a-ßfpw Ah-km-\n-

∏n-°m-\mbn amXw A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ Ckvem-

an-I bp≤-ß-fn¬t]mepw ]c-aX klnjv-

Wp-X hy‡-ambn ]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bcm-

[-\m-e-b-ßƒ XI¿°-cp-sX∂pw Bcm-[-\m-

-\na-·-cm-b-hsc D]-Z-hn-°-cp-sX∂pw C-kv-

em-ans‚ bp≤-\n-b-a-ß-fn¬ ][m-\-s∏- -Xm--Wv.

hnizmkkzmX¥yw Ckvem-anIcmjvSw

Aapkvenw ]uc≥am¿°v Dd-∏p-sIm-Sp-°p-

∂-p. AXv tIhew am\-kn-I-ambn Ah¿

G-Xv aX-Ønepw hniz-kn-°p-Itbm Bcm-

[\ \S-Øp-Itbm sNbvXp-sIm-≈s´ F∂

\ne-°-√. hy‡n-]-c-ambpw IpSpw-_-]-c-am-

bpw kmaq-ln-I-ambpw DS-se-Sp-°p∂ kn-hn-

¬, Inan-\¬ ]iv\-ß-fn¬t]mepw A-ap-

kv-enwIƒ°v Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p∂ thZ-K-

Ÿ-ß-fnse \nb-a-ßƒ A\p-k-cn®v hn[n

]-d-bm\pw Aßs\ Ah-cpsS kaq-l-a-\-

n-s‚ Xr]vXn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ aX-\n-b-a-

ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Bflo-bhpw cmjvSo-

b-hp-amb kzmX-¥y-Øn¬ Pohn-°m-\p-≈

A--h-Im-ihpw Ah¿°v \¬I-s∏-´p. A-Ø-

cw Imcy-ß-fn-sem∂pw C-kvem-anI `c-W-

Iq--Shpw \nb-a-hn-im-c-Z≥amcpw ssI IS-Øn-

bn-cp-∂n-√. cmjvS-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb ]-

iv-\-ß-fn¬ Ckvem-anI \nb-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn-

®mWv hn[n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AXm-Is´ Aap-

kvenw-Iƒ amX-a√ ap-kv-enw-Ifpw Hcp t]m-

se _m[y-ÿ-am-bn-cp-∂p. temIØv C-kv-

em-anI \nb-a--ßƒ amX-amWv Aap-kvenw-

Iƒ°v knhn¬ Inan-\¬ ]iv\-ß-fn¬ A-

h-cpsS aX-K-Ÿ-a-\p-k-cn®v hn[n ]d-bm-\pw

\-S-∏m-°m\pw kzmX¥yw \-¬-In-b-Xv. ]u-

cm-Wn-Ihpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb Hcp cmjvS-

Ønepw aX-]-c-amb hnime kzmX¥yw C-u

A-¿-Y-Øn¬ \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

A`n-]mbkzmX¥yw F∂v ]d-bp--

]kw-K-ß-fnepw ]kvXm-h-

\-I-fnepw kpµ-c-amb C-¥y-

≥ atX-X-c-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v

]kw-Kn-°p-∂-h-cpsS I-¨-

ap-ºn¬ Xs∂-bmWv _m-_v-

dn akvPnZv XI¿°-s∏-´Xpw

Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew Ign-

™n-´pw k¿°m¿ AXv ]p-

\-¿\n¿an-°m-Ø-Xpw.

2013 tabv 34

tºmƒ shdpsX hmb sIm≠v ]d-

bm-\p≈ kzmX-¥y-am-sW-∂m-Wv

A¿Y-am-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv a-l--

Øm-sbmcp Bi-b-sam-∂p-a-√. A-`n-

-]mbw \ymb-sa-¶n¬ AXv \S-∏n¬

hcp-Øm≥ k∂-≤-X-bp-≈n-S-Øv

amXsa A`n-]m-b-kzm-X-¥yw Aw-

Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v ]d-bm≥

Ign-bq. A`n-]m-b-]-I-S-\-Øn-\p-ti-

j-w A\ym-b-ambn Bhiyw XS- -

s∏--Sp-Øm≥ ian-°p-tºmƒ c-W-Iq-

S-Øns‚ ]c-ky-amb Nmc-]-h¿Ø-

\-ambn amXsa AXns\ ImWm≥

I-gn-bq.

CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ \mw Imcy-ß-

sf bp‡n-]q¿hw A]-K-Yn-°p-tºm-

ƒ \ap°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ Hcp bm-

Ym-¿Yy-ap-≠v. aX-k-ln-jvWp-X, hn-

izm--k-kzm-X-¥yw, A`n-]m-b-kzm-X-

¥yw F∂nh bYm¿Y-Øn¬ km-£m-

XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ckvemw hn`m-h-

\w sNøp∂ aX-k-ao-]-\-ß-fn¬ am-

X-amWv F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

a[y-]u-ckvXy \mSp-I-fn¬ òI-

c-hn-cp-≤-bp-≤-sa∂ t]cn¬ Iq -s°m-

e-]m-X-I-ßƒ°v t\XrXzw sImSp-

°p-∂ ]m›mXy ssIkvXh cmjv-

S-t\Xm-°≥amcpw Ahsc sh≈ ]q-

-ip∂ am[y-a-ßfpw Ah-tcmSv A\p-

`m-hw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂hcpw Ah-cpsS

A-I-a-ßsf aX-hn-izm-k-Øns‚

t]cn¬ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂-hcpw Xß-

fp-sS ap≥Km-an-Iƒ°pw aX-t\-Xm-°-

ƒ°pw apl-ΩZv \_n sNbvX Hu-

Zm-cyhpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw Hm¿an-

°m-≥ ]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-am--Wv. apkv-

enw-Iƒs°-Xn-cn¬ mjn-Ãp-I-fp-sS

BI-aWw Ac-tß-dp-tºmƒ Ip‰-

I--c-ambn au\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂-h¿ \-¬-

Ip∂ ktµiw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ah-

cp-sS au\w-Xs∂ [mcm-fw. F∂m¬

C-kvem-ans‚ ]-hm-N-I-t\mSv Ah-

cpsS aXhpw hy‡n-Xzhpw IS-s∏-ń-

cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ AXv hnkva-cn-s®-

¶n-epw. k¿ tXmakv B¿-tWmƒUv

F-gp-Xp∂p: ""apl-ΩZv Xs∂ ]e A-

d-_v ssI-k-vXhtKmX-ß-fp-ambpw

k‘n-bn-te¿s∏-ń-cp-∂p. Ah¿°v

A-t-±lw kwc-£-Whpw kz-¥w aX-

am-N-cn-°m-\p≈ kzmX-¥yhpw D-d-

∏p--h-cp-Øn. Ah-cpsS ]ptcm-ln-X-¿-

°p-≠m--bn-cp∂ khn-ti-jm-[n-Im-c-

Imcy-ß-sf bp‡n-]q¿hw

A]-K-Yn-°p-tºm-ƒ \ap°v

a\- n-em-Ip∂ Hcp bm-Ym-

¿Yy-ap-≠v. aX-k-ln-jvWp-X,

hn-izm-- k-kzm-X-¥yw, A`n-]m-

b-kzm-X-¥yw F∂nh bYm-

¿Y-Øn¬ km-£m-XvI-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ckvemw hn`m-h-\w

sNøp∂ aX-k-ao-]-\-ß-fn-

¬ am-X-amWv F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

ß-ƒ ]g-b-t]-mse \ne-\n¿Øn.''(18)

]hm-N-Is‚ DØ-cm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw ]hm-

N-Is‚ ]mX Xs∂-bmWv Cu hnj-b-Øn-

¬ ]n¥p-S¿∂Xv. ]hm-NI]mX ]n¥p-S-tc-

≠-Xv CkvemanI hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\ine-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. ]hm-N-Is‚ hn-

tbm--Km-\-¥cw Ckvem-anI kaq-l-Øns‚

`c-W-km-c-Yy-ta-s‰-SpØ `c-Wm-[n-Imcn J-

en- A_q-_-°¿ lodm hmkn-I-fp-ambn

sN-bvX Icm-dn¬ "Ah-cpsS Bcm-[m-\m-e-

b-ßfpw I\o-kbpw iXp-°-fn¬\n∂v c£-

t\-Sm-\p≈ tIm´-Ifpw s]mfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-X-

√. aWn-b-Sn-°p-∂tXm s]cp-∂m-fn\v Ipcniv

F-gp-∂-≈n-°p-∂tXm XS-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-a√.'

F∂v tcJs∏SpØnbXmbn NcnXtc-J-I-

fn-¬ ImWmw.

Ckvem-ans‚ Cu \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ Im-cWw

ssIkvXh ktlm-Z-c-ß-ƒ-°v ssIkvXh

`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-tf--°mƒ A\p-`m-hhpw Nm-

bv-hpw ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. a[y-]q¿h

tZ-i-sØ InkvXp-aX hnizm-kn-Iƒ ap-kv-

enw `c-W-Øn\v Iogn¬ kºq¿-W kzmX-

¥-yw A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-

s∂ tdma-°m-cpsS a-¿-ZI `c-W-tØ-°mƒ

\-√Xv C-kv-em--ans‚ B[n-]-Xy-amWv F∂v

Xp-d-∂v ]d-bm\pw Ah-cnse DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏-

-h¿ aSnImWn-®n-√. ]¥≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚

c≠mw ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ A-t¥-mIy-bnse bm-

t°m--_mb ]mXn-bm¿-°o-km-bn-cp∂ ssa-

°-¬, tdmam c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ lndm-

¢n-b-kn-s‚ a¿ZI IY-Iƒ hnh-cn®v sIm--

≠v Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Cß-s\-bmWv k-¿-h-i-‡-

2013 tabv 35

"cpZm-£-ame Igp-Ønepw

as‰m∂v a\- nepw' F∂ ]g-

sam-gnsb Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-amdv

t]-cnepw hni-Zo -I -c -W-

Ønepw kpµ-chpw ]m-tbm-

Kn-I-X-e-Øn¬ AXp-sIm-

≠p-t±-in-° --s∏-Sp∂ -- ew e-

`n-°m-Ø-Xp-amb "atX-X-c-

Xzw' Ckvem-an-en-√.

\pw a\p-jy-cpsS kmam-Py-ß-ƒ

Xs‚ lnX-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v am-‰n adn-

°p-∂-h\pw Xm≥ C—n-°p-∂-h¿°v

km-amPyw \¬Ip-∂-h\pw ]m-h-ß-

sf D≤-cn-°p-∂-h-\p-amb ]-Xn--Im-c-

Øns‚ ssZhw Civa-tb-ens‚ k-

¥m-\-ßsf, tdma≥ Ic-ß-fn-¬-\n∂v

\sΩ c£n-°m-\mbn, sX-°v \n∂v

sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. tdmam-°m¿ \-ΩpsS

N¿®p-Ifpw aT-ßfpw Ih-¿-® sNøp-

∂-Xpw \sΩ \n¿Zbw a¿Zn-°p-∂-

Xpw ssZhw t\m°n-Im-Wp-I-bm--bn-cp-

∂p. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ \ap-°-¬-∏-w \-

jv-Sw kw -hn-®n- p-s≠-¶n¬ A-Xv Im-

¬-kn-tUm-Wn-b≥ ]£Øv \n-∂v G-

¬-]n-°-s∏´ N¿®p-Iƒ Ah-cp-sS I-

øn-¬ Xs∂ tijn-°p-∂Xv sIm-≠v

D≠m-bXv amX-am-Wv. Ad-_-n-Iƒ \-

K-c-ßƒ A[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ

Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw ssIh-i-ap≈

N¿®p-Iƒ Aßs\ Xs∂ \ne-\n-

¿-Øn. GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw tdm-am--°m-

cp-sS Iqc-X-bn¬\n∂pw \oN-Xz-Øn-

¬-\n∂pw tcmj-Øn¬\n∂pw aX-m-

th-i-Øn¬\n∂pw c£ ]m]n-°-p-

I-bpw \mw kam-[m-\-Øn¬ Ign-bp-

-I-bpw sNøp-∂p-sh-∂Xv H´pw \n- m-

-c-Im-cy-a√.''(19)

Ckvem-an-s\bpw AXns‚ tkm-

X- p-I-sfbpw kXy-k-‘-amb Ncn-

X-am]n-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-]Tn-®m¬

Ckvem-ans‚ kXy-Xbpw ssZhn-I-

X-bpw kuµ-cyhpw a\- n-em-Ipw.

hm--bphpw shfn-®hpw sh≈hpw Pm-

Xn a-X-t`-Zw t\m°msX k¿h-a-\p-

jy-¿°pw \-¬-Ip-∂ A√mlp Ah-

X-cn-∏n® \nb-a-ß-fn¬ ]£-t`Zw ImWm-

ØXv kzm`m-hnIw amXw. Ie¿∏n-√mØ

P-ehpw ip≤-amb hmbphpw kp-Xm-cy-amb

sh-fn-®hpw \mw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv t]mse

Ie¿∏n-√mØ hnizm-khpw \m-w Xnc-s™-

Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv F∂mWv _p-≤n \tΩmSv

B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

"cpZm-£-ame Igp-Ønepw as‰m∂v a\-

nepw' F∂ ]g-sam-gnsb Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-amdv

t]-cnepw hni-Zo-I-c-W-Ønepw kpµ-chpw

]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-e-Øn¬ AXp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-

°--s∏-Sp∂ êw e`n-°m-Ø-Xp-amb "atX-

X-cXzw' Ckvem-an-en-√. Ckvem-an¬ atX-

X-c-Xz-an√; aX-amWv, aXw amX-am-Wp-≈-

Xv. AXm-Is´ ]m›m-Xyhpw ]uc-kvXy-hp-

am-b atX-Xc ImgvN-∏m-Sn-t\-°mƒ kpµ-c-

hpw ]mtbm-Kn-I-hpw DZm-Øhpw D∂-X-hp-

am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ am\h kmtlm-

Z-cyhpw aqey-ß-fpsS ]p\x-ÿm-]-\hpw B-

K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ aX-\n-cm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw, aX-

\n-tj-[-Øn¬\n∂pw k¶p-NnX hwiob

tZiob Nn¥m-[m-c-I-fn¬\n∂pw a\p-jy-\n-

¿-anX aX-ß-fn¬\n∂pw tamNn-X-cm-hp-I. C-

kv-em-an-te°v hcn-I. a\p-jys‚ sFln-I-

hp-w ]mc-Xn-I-hp-amb tam£w Ckvem-an-eq-

sS-bmWv ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I.

Ref:1. F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb _n´m-\n° mKw

c≠v, t]Pv 668

2. hn°n]oUn-b kzX¥ hn⁄m-\-tIm-iw

3. C-kvem-anI NcnX kwKlw: `mKw 3, t]Pv

273˛275, k¿hXv kueØv, sF.]n.F®v

tImgnt°mSv

4. ae-bmfw hn°n-]o-Un-b-

5. tX-Pkv ssZzhm-cnI 2012 am¿®v 1˛15, t]Pv

16,17

6. Izp¿-B≥ 42:13

7. Izp¿-B≥ 2:2

8. Izp¿-B≥ 2:2

9. Izp¿-B≥ 4:1

10. apkvenw, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv

11. Izp¿-B≥ 2:256

12. Izp¿-B≥ 18:29

13. Izp¿-B≥ 16:35

14. Izp¿-B≥ 42:48

15. Izp¿-B≥ 5:92

16. Izp¿-B≥ 10:99

17. Izp¿-B≥ 88:21,22

18. Ckvemw ]t_m-[-\hpw ]Nm-chpw: t]Pv

60

19. Michael the Editor, Vol II, p.p: 412, 413, D≤-

cWw: Ckvemw ]t_m-[-\-hpw, ]Nm-chpw

k¿, tXmakv B¿\ƒUv t]Pv: 67

2013 tabv 36

Aen sNΩmSv

""a\p-jy-hw-isØ kw_-‘n® Kth-j-W-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏- BZysØ "a\p-

jy≥' \nbm-≠¿Øm¬Im-c-\mWv''(29) a\p-jy-N-cn-X-Øn¬ H∂m-a≥ \nbm-

≠¿Øm¬°m-c-\m-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv ae-bmfn bp‡n-hm-Zn-I-fpsS "]mT-]p-

kvXIhpw, ASn-ÿm-\-K-Ÿhp'amb bp‡n-Z¿i-\-amWv.(30) \nbm-≠¿Øm¬ a\p-

jy≥ Pohn-®Xv aq∂-c-e£w apX¬ Bdv e£w h¿j-ßƒ°v apºm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-

∂mWv(31) ho°n-]o-Unb ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ a\- n-em-hp-I.

Bdv e£w h¿jw ]mb-ap≠v \ΩpsS ]]n-Xm-a-l-s\∂ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-

Ønse icn-sX-‰p-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNøm-\√ \nbm-≠¿Øm¬ a\p-jys\ ChnsS

sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. tUm°n≥kns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ c≠mw A[ym-b-Øns‚ BZy-

`mKw N¿® sNøp-∂Xv ]cn-Wma aX-sØ-°p-dn®pw hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®pw Um¿hn-

\p-apºv F¥vsIm-≠v Bcpw Nn¥n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-√ F∂-Xm-Wv. At±lw XpS-

ßp-∂-Xn-ß-s\.

`mKw: 2

dn®m¿Uv tUm°n≥kns‚ qan-bnse G‰hpw alØmb Zriy-hn-kvabw: ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ

F∂ ]pkvXIw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p

Krl]cn-]m-e\w ]cn-Wmahnizm-ksØ

\ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂pthm?

2013 tabv 37

""Um¿hn≥ cwK-sØ-Øm≥ F¥vsIm-

≠mWv CXbpw sshIn-bXv? At±-l-Øn-

s∂ c≠p Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v apºv sFk°v

\yq´¨ cq]w \¬Inb KWnX kn≤m-

¥-ßƒ c≠v kl-km_vZw apºv B¿°-

sa-Uokv Ah-X-cn-∏n® ]pØ≥ Bi-b-

ßƒ˛C-hsb°msfms° Zo]vXhpw efn-

X-hp-amb Hcp Bi-b-Øn-te°v FØn-

t®-cp-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw a\p-jy-cm-insb A-

X-bpw-Imew XS-™p-\n-dp-Øn-bXv F-¥m-

Wv?''(32)

a\pjyNcn-X-Øn\v \¬Inb Bdv e-

£-w h¿j-ßƒ°nS-bn¬˛\mK-cn-IX a\p-

jys‚ Ncn-X-Øn∂v Xs∂ Ggm-bn-c-

tØm-ftam AXn-e-[n-Itam h¿j-ß-fpsS

]mb-ap-≠v tIhew 153 h¿jw apºv hsc

Hcmƒ°pw ]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ Bibw tXm-

∂n--bn√ F∂Xv bmZr—n-I-a-√. AXp-

t]mse Um¿hn\v ]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ B-i-

bw tXm∂n-bXpw bmZr—nIamhm≥ hgn-

bn--√. a\pjyss\k¿KnI-X-bn¬ A-Ø-

cw Bi-b-ßƒ°v ÿm\-an√ F∂Xv X-

s∂-bmWv CX hnim-e-amb Ime-b-fhn¬

t]mepw a\p-jy\v CØ-c-samcp Nn¥ h-

cm--Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-am-bn-cn-°p-I. tUm-

°n-≥-kv ]d-bp-∂Xv Um¿hn\papºv C-Ø-

cw Bi-b-ßƒ Bcpw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥

ImcWw (Um¿hn-\p-apºv emam¿°n-b≥

Nn-¥-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xpw B Nn-

¥-I-f-psS kzm[o-\-amWv Um¿hns‚ Hdn-

Pn≥ Hm v kv]ojn-kn-te°v \bn-®Xv F-

∂p-ap≈ Imcyw ad-°p-∂n-√. tUm°n≥kv

A°m-cy-an-hnsS kqNn-∏n-°mXncn°p-∂-Xv

sIm≠p-Xs∂ AXn-te°v N¿® \ot´-

≠-Xn-√). Ko°v XØz-Nn-¥-Iƒ tπt‰m-

bpsS kØm-hm-Z-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-amWv

Ncn-X-Øn¬ Hcp Um¿hn≥ Db¿∂p-h-

cm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-ambn ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

tUm°n≥kv \h Um¿hn-\n-k-Øn-

s‚- Ipe-]-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂ GWÃv sab-dn-

s\ D≤-cn®v ]d-bp-∂p: ""At±-l-Øns‚

A- n-]m-b-Øn¬ kØm-hm-Zw AYhm F-

-≥jy-enkw F∂p \mw hnfn-°p∂ ]m-

No-\ XØz-Nn¥m ]≤-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p C-

°m-cy-Øn¬ apJy-]-Xn-_-‘-ambn \ne-

sIm-≠-Xv. ]cn-Wmaw I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xv

tπt‰mbpsS arX-I-c-ß-fm¬ XS-b-s∏-Sp-

I-bm-bn-bp-cp∂p''(33) XpS¿∂v tπt‰m-bpsS

k-Øm-hm-Z-sa-s¥∂ hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn-te-

°v t]mIp-∂p. `qan-bnse apb-ep-Iƒ b-

Ym-¿Y apb-ep-I-f-s√∂pw bYm¿Y BIm-

i apb-ens‚ tIhe ]Xn-∏p-I-fmWv qan-

bnse apb-ep-I-sf∂pw a‰p-ap≈ tπt‰m-

Wn-b≥ hmZ-ß-sf-s¥∂v \nc-Øp-∂p. A-

Ø-cw hmZ-ap-≈-h¿ C∂n√ F∂-Xv-sIm-

≠p-Xs∂ B N¿® A\m-h-iyam-Wv. A-

Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \ap-°-X-h-K-Wn-°mw.

]s£ ]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ Bibw tπ-

t‰m-bpsS kØm-hmZw XS™p F∂

tUm-°n≥kn-s‚bpw sab-dn-s‚bpw Ah-

Im-i-hmZw bmsXm-c-Sn-ÿm-\-hp-an-√mØ

anYym-hm-Z-am-Wv. tπt‰m-bpsS Ime-L´w

_n.kn 423- 348 BsW∂v hn°n-]o-Unb

]-d-bp-∂p.(34) Ko°n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ tπt‰m-

bpsS apºp -Xs∂ temI-Øns‚

hyXykvX mK-ß-fn¬ CuPn-]vXv, sak-

s∏m-t´-an-b, bq^-ó-kv, ssSKnkv(35),

C≥Ukv hmen(36) bqtdm-]y≥ kwkvIm-

c-ßƒ(37) \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. amX-a√ tπ-

t‰m-bpsS Ime-L-´-Øn-\p-tijhpw tπ-

t‰m-bpsS Bi-b-ß-f-dn-bmØ kwkvIm-

c-ßfpw P\-hn-`m-K-ßfpw `qan-bpsS hy-

Xy-kvX mK-ß-fn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂p. A°q-

-Øn¬ bp‡nhmZ ho£-W-]-Imcw tI-

h--e-\n-co-iz-c-Øne[n-jvTn-X-amb Zm¿i-\n-

I-Nn¥-Ifpw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.

`mc-Xob Zm¿i-\n-I-Xsb kw_-‘n-

®p Iayq-WnÃv bp‡n-hmZ ho£Ww

Ah uXn-I-hm-Z-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-Xhpw \nco-

iz-c-hm-Z-]-c-hp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. C-

Ø-cw ]T-\-ß-fmWv Un.Un tImkmw_n,

]n. Zmtam-Z-c≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS mc-Xob

Z¿i-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-ßƒ.

C°mcyw bp‡n-hmZ ASn-ÿm-\-]-

am-W-amb bp‡nZ¿i-\hpw hy‡-am-°p-

∂p-≠v. ""C¥y≥ Zm¿i-\nI ]mc-º-cy-Øn-

¬ Hcp sNdnb \yq\-]-£-Øn-s\m-gnsI

kz-¥w Z¿i-\-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sp-Isf hni-

Zo-I-cn-°p∂-Xn\v Cuiz-cs‚ Bhiyw

A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-√. Cu khn-ti-jX ]-

tXyIw i≤n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. GsXmcp

ùXn-I-hm-Z-Øns‚bpw ap≥ D]m-[n-bmWv

\nco-izc k¶¬]w. \nco-izc Z¿i-\-Øn-

-¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb ]mNo-\- m-c-X-Ønse

apgp-h≥ Zm¿i-\nI[mc-Ifpw ùXn-I-X-

bn¬ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠mWv hnImkw

]cn-Wm-a-k-¶¬]w a\p-jys‚

_p≤n°pw bp‡n°pw tbmPn-

°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X.

Bdp-Z-i-e£w (?!) h¿jsØ

a\p-jy-N-cn-X-Øn¬ tIhew 153

h¿jØns‚ hnesbXbm-Wv.

\mK-cnI a\p-jys‚ 7000-Øn¬

IqSp -X¬ h¿jsØ Ncn - X-

Øn¬ 153 h¿jsØ ÿm\-sa-

¥m-Wv ? Ncn-X-Øn-se-hn-sSbpw

a\p-jy\v `mh-\-bn¬ t]mepw

ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ, ùXn-I-X-

bpsS AXn-]-k-c-Øn¬ \ncq-]n-

s®-SpØ k¶¬]w amX-amWv

]cn-Wm-a-hn-izm-kw.

2013 tabv 38

]m-]n-®-Xv F∂p ]d-bmw. Bk-Iew u-

X-nI Nn¥m-[m-c-sb∂v ]kn≤amb tem-

I-mbX Z¿i\w amXa√ kmwJyw, \ym-

b-w, sshti-jn-Iw, aoamw-k, ssP\w,

_u-≤w F∂n-h-sb√mw Cu Iq´-Øn¬

D-ƒs∏-Sp-∂p. C]-Imcw BsI-bp≈ ]-

[m-\-s∏´ HºXp C¥y≥ Zm¿i-\nI ]≤-

Xn-I-fn¬ Ggpw ]q¿W-ambn Cuiz-cs\

\n-tj-[n-®p-sIm≠v uXn-I-X-tbmSv Iqdp

]Jym-]n-®p-sh-¶n¬ BXy-¥n-I-X-e-Øn-

¬ AssZzX thZm-¥hpw Cuiz-cs\ \n-

cm-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.''(38)

Cu ]kvXm-h-\-bnse AXn-i-tbm-

‡n Ah-K-Wn®p bp‡n-Z¿i\ teJ-I-

s‚ hm°p-Iƒ apJ-hn-e-s°-SpØv tUm-

°n-≥kn-s‚bpw tab-dp-sSbpw Ah-Im-i-

hm-Z-ßƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXm¬ tπt‰m-

bpsS kØm-hm-Z-Øn\v a\pjyIp-esØ

samØ-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ign-™n√

F∂v hy‡-am-hpw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂

]cn-Wm-a-Nn-¥sb Bi-b-hmZw XS-™p-

F∂ `mh\ A¬]w AXn-cp-I-S∂ A-

[n-I-]-kw-K-amsW∂v t_m[ys∏Spw.

bYm¿YØn¬, ]cn-Wm-a-k-¶¬]w a-

\p-jys‚ _p≤n°pw bp‡n°pw tbmPn-

°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. Bdp- e-

£w (?!) h¿jsØ a\p-jy-N-cn-X-Øn¬

tIhew 153 h¿jØns‚ hnesbXbm-

Wv. \mK-cnI a\p-jys‚ 7000-Øn¬ IqSp-

X¬ h¿jsØ Ncn-X-Øn¬ 153 h-¿-j-

sØ ÿm\-sa-¥m-Wv? Ncn-X-Øn-se-hn-

sS-bpw a\p-jy\v mh-\-bn¬ t]mepw Im-

Wm-≥ Ign-bmØ, uXn-I-X-bpsS AXn-

]-k-c-Øn¬ \ncq-]n-s®-SpØ k¶¬]w

amX-amWv ]cn-Wm-a-hn-izm-kw. apºv kq-

Nn-∏n-®-t]mse ]cn-Wmaw AsXmcp hn-

izm--k-ambn \ne-\n¬°-s´. ]s£ A-Xn-

s\ imkvXo-b-ambn sXfn-bn°pw F∂

ho-ºp ]d-®nepw AXv imkvX-am-sW∂

A-h-Im-i-hm-Zhpw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-

bn-√.

]cn-Wmaw Ncn-X-ØnsehnsSbpw B-

sc-bpw kzm[o-\n-®n√ F∂p tUm°n-≥-

kp-w tabdpw ]kvXm-hn-®p. AXn-t\mSv

bp‡n-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ BZy-t]-Pnse shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øepw tN¿Øv hmbn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

""a\p-jy-hw-isØ kw_-‘n® Kth-

j--W-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏´ BZysØ a\p-

jy-≥ "\nbm-≠¿Xm¬'Imc-\m-Wv. 1856-¬

P-¿a-\n-bnse \nbm-≠¿ Xmgvh-c-bn¬\n∂v

I≠p-In- nb Ah-in-jvS-ß-fmWv Cu t]-

Ime-L- -Ønepw ]cn-Wm-a-sØ-°p-dnt®m

AX√msb¶n¬ kzbw`q XØz-sØ-°p-

dnt®m Bcpw Nn¥n-®n-cp-∂n√ F¶n¬,

B-Zy-a-\p-jy≥ Ah-s‚ H∂mw XobXn

ap-X¬ ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cp∂p F-

∂-p hnfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂p bp‡n-hmZn Zm¿i-

\n-I-\m-bn-cp∂ Fw. _n.sIbpsS Cu ]-

Jy-m-]-\w.

AsX a\p-jy≥ F∂pw ssZh˛ac-

W-m-\-¥c hnizmkn-bm-bn-cp-∂p; Bbn-cn-

°p-Ibpw sNøpw. AX-hs‚ ss\k¿Kn-

I-X-bpsS mK-am-Wv. a\- n-s‚bpw _p≤n-

bp-sSbpw bp‡n-bp-sSbpw tX -amWv.

C°mcyw tUm°n≥kpw hy‡-am-°p-

∂p-≠v. Xs‚ Gsd ]i-kvX-amb Zn tKm-

Uv sUeyqj≥ F∂ IrXn-bn¬˛\mw N-

¿-® sNøp∂ "`qan-bnse G‰hpw al-

Ø-mb Zriy-hn-kvabw ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚

sX-fn-hp-Iƒ' F∂ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚

ap-≥I-h¿ t]Pn¬ tUm°n≥kns\ ]cn-

N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Zn tKmUv sUeyq-j≥

F∂ hnJymX IrXn-bpsS I¿Ømhv F-

∂-mWv. tUm°n≥kv ]d-bp-∂p.

""krjvSn-hm-Z-tØmSv kl-P-amb B`n-

ap-Jyw tXm∂p∂ coXn-bn-emWv (Innatelypredisposed to creationism) a\p-jy-cpsS

Xe-t®m¿ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX-∂mWv ª-q-

a-n-s‚ A`n-]m-bw. AXm-bXv "F√mw B-

tcm D≠m-°n-h®p' F∂v k¶¬]n-°m-

\p-≈ ssZzX-t_m-[-amWv an° a\p-jy-¿-

°p-ap-≈-Xv. AssZzX hmZn-I-fn¬ t]mepw

Cu `mh\ i‡-am-Wv.''(40) Xs‚ B K-

tUm°n≥kv ]d-bp∂Xv tÛ‚p-

Iƒ CW-Isf _oUv sNbvsX-

Sp-°p-Ibpw XpS¿∂Xv a\p-jy¿

Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-

te°v \bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvsX-

∂mWv F¥mWv AØcw Hcp

h¿Ø-am-\-Øn\v At±-l-Øns‚

]°-ep≈ sXfnhv F∂v ]d-bm-

ØXv sIm≠v AXpw tIhew

Dulw Xs∂.

cn-s‚ Imc-Ww.

Cbmƒ Kpl-I-fnse h\y-arK-ß-sf,

hn-ti-jn®v Ic-Sn-Isf sIm∂-Xmbpw Kpl-

Iƒ Xma-k-Øn-\mbn kzoI-cn-®-Xmbpw I-

cp-Xp-∂p. Cßs\ h[n-°m-\n-S-bmb Ic-

Sn-I-fpsS Xe-tbm-Sp-Iƒ Kpl-Iƒ°-IØv

Hcp ]tXy-I coXn-bn¬ ASp-°n-sh-®n-

cp-∂p-h-sX.

acn-®-hsc Im¬ap-´p-Iƒ aS°n C-cp-

∂ \ne-bn¬ Kpl-bn¬ ad-hp-sN-bvX-Xm-

bn shfn-s∏- n- p-≠v. CXv Fs¥-¶nepw hn-

izm-k-Øns‚ e-amtWm? hy‡-a-√. C-

∂-sØ kam[n kwkvImcw CXn-t\mSv

GXm≠v ASp-Øp-\n¬°p-∂-Xmbn tXm-

∂p-∂p.

Ic-Sn-bpsS Xe-tbm-Sp-Iƒ kq£n-®p-

h-®-Xnepw Fs¥-¶nepw hnizm-k-Øns‚

\n-d-apt≠m? AtXm Xs‚ hoc-]-cm-I-a-

ß-fpsS kvac-W-bmbn kq£n-®tXm?

Hcp ]tXyI C\-Øn-ep≈ arK-ß-

fpsS Xe-tbm-Sp-Iƒ amXw kq£n-®p-h-

°m≥ Abmsf t]cn-∏n-®-sX-¥mWv?''(39)

a\pjyNcn-X-Ønse alm- q-cn-]£

2013 tabv 39

Ÿ--Øn¬ 28-mw A[ym-b-Øn\v tU-m-°n-

≥-kv \¬Inb Xe-s°´v Xs∂ "aX-hn-

izm-k-sØ XpW°p∂ am\-knI LS\'

F-∂m-Wv. B A[ym-b-Øn¬ ]apJ a-

\x-im-kvX-⁄≥ t]mƒ ªqans\ A[n-

I-cn-®v ]d™ hmN-I-amWv \mw hmbn-®-

Xv.-thsd-bp-ap≠v CØcw ]kvXm-h-\-

Iƒ.

""Ipń-I-fpsS a\- n¬ kl-P-amb H-

cp ssZzX-`m-h-ap-s≠∂v At±lw (ªqw)

]-d-bp-∂p. c≠mbn ImWm-\p≈ a\p-jy-

a-\- ns‚ kzm`m-hnI Xzc-bmWv ssZzX-

`mhw (Dualism) F∂-XvsIm≠v At±lw

A¿Y-am-°p-∂-Xv. aXw AØcw ssZzX-

`m-h-Øn¬\n-∂mWv cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂Xv.''(41)

A-sX ssZh-aX hnizm-khpw ssZh-kr-

jv-Sn hnizm-khpw a\p-jys‚ kl-Phpw

ss\-k¿Kn-I-hp-amb tNmZ-\bpw tX -hp-

am-Wv. F∂m¬ ]cn-Wm-a-hn-izm-khpw \n-

co-izc hnizm-khpw a\p-jy-ss\-k¿Kn-I-

X°pw kl-P-hp-amb tNmZ-\°pw Bflm-

hns‚ tX -Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cpw. F∂n- p-sa-t¥

tUm-°n≥kpw ]cn-Wma \nco-izc hnizm-

kn-Ifpw AXn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw ]N-

cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

AXvIqSn tUm°n≥kn¬\n∂p X-

s∂ ]Tn-°p-∂Xv auen-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. ""B-

Zy-w kzbw h©n-®m¬ a‰p-≈-hsc h©n-

°m-≥ Ffp-∏-am-bn-cn-°pw. t_m[-a-\- n-

¬-\n∂v kXysØ AI-‰n-\n¿Øn-bm¬

a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv I≈w ]d-bp-tºmƒ D≠m-

Im-\n-S-bp≈ hnj-a-X-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°mw. km-

-[m-cW a\p-jy¿°v \pW ]d-bp-tºmƒ

IÆp-Nn-Ωp-I, ssIØew \\-bp-I, lrZ-

b-an-Sn∏v IqSpI XpS-ßnb imco-cnI A-

kz-ÿXIfp-≠m-Im-dp-≠-t√m. kXy-a-dn-

bp-∂Xv a\x]q¿hw Hgn-hm-°n-bm-¬ C-Ø-

c-w _p≤n-ap- p-Iƒ Xms\ A]-Xy-£-am-

bn-s°m-≈pw.''(42)

ssZhw krjvSn®p \nb-¥n®p h-f-¿-

Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp∂p F∂ hnizmkw a\p-

jy-k-l-P-am-sW∂pw ss\k¿Kn-I-am-sW-

∂pw \mw I≠p. B ss\k¿KnI Kp-W-

sØ \ntj-[n-°m≥ kz¥w a\- ns\

]o-Un-∏n®pw Bfl-h-©\ \S-Øn-bp-am-

]cn-Wm-a-sa∂ Bibw tπt‰m-

bpsS kØm-hmZw XS™p F∂

tUm°n≥kn -s‚bpw sab-dn -

s‚bpw Ah-Im-i-hmZw bmsXm-c-

Sn-ÿm-\-hp-an-√mØ anYym-hm-Z-am-

Wv. Ko°n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ tπt‰m-

bpsS apºp-Xs∂ temI-Øns‚

hyXykvX `mK-ß-fn¬ kwkvIm-c-

ßƒ \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. amX-a√

tπt‰m-bpsS Ime-L-´-Øn-\p-

tijhpw tπt‰m-bpsS Bi-b-ß-

f-dn-bmØ kwkvIm-c-ßfpw P\-

hn- m-K-ßfpw qan-bpsS hyXykvX

`mK-ß-fn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂p.

Wv \nco-iz-c, ]cn-Wma hnizmkw A-Xn-

s‚ h‡m-°ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv. A-ß-

s\ Bfl-h-©\ \S-Øn-bm¬ AØcw

Ifhv Xs‚ kl-Po-hn-I-tfmSv ]d-bp-∂-

Xn-t\m ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnt\m a\- m-£n-

°p-tØm am\-knI imco-cnI ]ncn-ap-dp-

°-tam AØ-c-°m¿°p-≠m-hn-√. Ah-cp-

sS _p≤n°pw a\- n\pw kXyw Dƒs°m-

≈m-≥ Ign-bmØ coXn-bn¬ apZ-h-®n-cn-°pw.

tUm°n≥kv Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]-

cn-Wma hnizm-k-Øn\v sXfn-hp-Iƒ \nc-

Øm≥ Bcw-`n-®n´p≠v. c≠mw A[ym-b-

Øn¬ AXn-\-t±lw Hcp ]co-£Ww Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""F√m arK-ß-fnte°pw

Cu- Nße \ofp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn¬ Xn-I-

®-pw Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ Hcp êw ]cn-Wm-

a-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb temI-ho-£-W-

Øn¬\n∂v amXta Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-I-bp≈p

F-∂v Rm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°m-\p≈ ImcWw

\nßƒ°v t_m[y-s∏- n- p-≠m-hpw. F¥m-

bmepw Rm\Xn\v Hcp t]cp sImSp-°p-

I-bm-Wv. "slb¿ ]n≥ Nn¥ F∂ ]co-

£Ww' (The hairpin thought experi-ment)''(43)

Cu ]co-£-W-Øns‚ t]cv kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xp-t]mse tIhew Nn¥m(- m-h-\m)-

]c-amb ]co-£Ww amX-am-Wv. apºv tI´

Hcp ]g-s©m√v kmµ¿`n-I-am-Wv. "G- n-se

--- --]ip --- ]p√p-Xn-∂n√' ----AXp-t]mse tUm-

°-n-≥-kns‚ am\-knI hym]m-c-ßƒ H-

∂p-w sXfn-bn-°n-√. (tUm-In≥kns\ B-Zy-

`m-KØv ]cn-N-b-s∏- Xv ad-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I)

F¥mWv Cu ]co-£-W-Øns‚ Im-

X-¬ F∂p-IqSn a\- n-em-°mw. GsX-¶n-

epw Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp Pohn, AXns‚

ap≥Kman, AXns‚ sXm´p-ap-ºsØ ap-

≥-Kman... Aßns\ Ipsd aptºm-´p-t]m-

b-m¬ C∂p Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Pohn-bn-¬-

\n∂pw hf-sc-tbsd hyXym-k-s∏- n-cn-°m-

≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. Hcp ]s£ B ap-≥-

Km-an C∂v Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Pohn-h¿Kw

X-s∂ Bbn-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bn√ F∂n-

ß-s\ t]mIp∂ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww...

""XnI™ Ah-[m-\-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ia-

ambn ]nt∂m- p-k-©-cn-®m¬ ]n∂o-S-tßm v

ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Pohn-Iƒ°v BZysØ apb-

ep-am-bp≈ kmayw ItaW Ipd-™p-h-

cp-∂-Xmbpw jvdqhp-am-bp≈ (Shrew)

kmayw (i-cn°pw jvdq BsW∂v Icp-X-

cp-Xv) h¿[n-®p-h-cp-∂Xpw A\p- -h-s∏-Spw.

s]Ïp- n-Iƒ Xe-apSn HXp-°n-sh-°m≥

2013 tabv 40

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp slb¿]n-∂ns‚

(hairpin) BIr-Xn-bn-em-bn-cn-°pw. Cu ]-

cn-Wm-a-Iaw hn\y-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXm-

bXv Cw•ojv A£cw "U' Xe-Xn-cn-®n´

B-Ir-Xn-bn¬. Nne ]I-S-amb khn-ti-

j-X-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cu sl-

b¿]n≥ hnX-c-W-I-a-Ønse Hcp Pohn

IrXy-ambn slb¿]n-∂ns‚ hf-hn-em-Wp-

≈-sX∂v (bend) Rm≥ ]d-bpw. Cu Pohn

apb-ep-Iƒ°pw ]p≈n-∏p-en-Iƒ°pw ASp-

Øn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp s]mXp-]q¿hn-

I-\m-Ip∂p. (i-cn°pw ]d-™m¬ AΩ

hgn-bn¬. ]s£ hgn°v ]tXy-In®v ]m-

[m-\y-sam∂pw sImSp-t°-≠-Xn-√) B

Pohn IrXy-ambpw Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p F-

∂v \ap-°-dn-bn-√. AsX-¥m-bmepw ]cn-

Wm-a-]-c-ambn Nn¥n-®m¬ Aß-s\-sbmcp

Pohn D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. F√m Pohn-

I-sfbpw t]mse AXpw Xs‚ amXm-hn-

s\-bpw aI-sfbpw t]mse kz¥w h¿K-

Øn-se (Species) Hcw-KsØ t]mse-bm-

hp-w Pohn-®n- p-≠m-hpI.''(44)

Cu ]mc-Km^v slb¿]n≥ FIvkv-

s]-cn-sa‚ns‚ cq]w GI-tZiw hy‡-am-

°p-∂p. CXn-se-hn-sSbpw ]co-£-W-an-√.

tUm°n≥kv H∂mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ Ah-

Im-i-s∏´ t]mse Cu ]co-£-W-Øn-\p-

≈ \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ "]cn-Wm-am‘X _m-

[n-® tcmKm-Xpc a\- ns‚ A\p-am-\-ß-

fpw Dul-ßfpw amXw. Cu slb¿ ]n≥

]-co-£-W-sØ-°p-dn®v tUm°n≥kv hni-

Z-ambn N¿® sNøp-∂p-≠v. AsX√mw tI-

hew Dulm-[n-jvTnXw amX-am-Wv. kz¥w

`m-h-\-bn¬ hncn-bp∂ k¶¬]-ßƒ°v

im-kvX-sa∂ t]cn- m-cm-[n-°p∂ ]cn-Wm-

a hnizmknbmb tUm°n≥kv XpS-cp-∂p.

""]nt∂m-´p≈ Cu mh\m k©mcw

\ap°v XpS-cmw. \S∂p \S∂p slb¿

]n∂ns‚ hfhpw ]n∂n- m¬ ]n∂oSv t]m-

Ip-∂Xv apt∂m-´m-Wv. AXm-bXv ]p≈n-

∏p-en-bn-te°v (sl-b¿]n-∂n¬\n∂pw hy-

XykvX kz`mhLS-\-bp≈ Pohn-I-fpsS

\nc-h[n imJ-Iƒ DS-\ofw s]mń-ap-f-°p-

∂p-≠m-Ipw. CXnse Hcp imJbn¬ \n-

∂m-bncn°pw ]p≈n∏pen ]cnW-an-®n-´p-

≠mbXv.'' ""slb¿]n-∂ns‚ hf-hn-eq≈

Xpc-∏≥ Pohn-bpsS ]pXn-am-sc-bmWv ]n-

∂o-Sv \mw ImWp-I. kmh-[m\w AsX

k-abw s]s´∂v Kln-°m-\mhmØ coXn-

bn¬ B Xpc-∏≥ Pohn sas√ ]cn-W-an-

°p-∂p. B am‰ßƒ \nc-h[n a[y-cq]

Po-hn-Iƒ hgn-bm-bn-cn-°pw. CØcw a-[y-

cq-]ßƒs°ms° ]ckv]cw \√ km-

ay-ap≠mbncn°pw. F∂p IcpXn, Ah-

b-°v C∂p \mw ImWp∂ GsX-¶nepw

Pohn-bp-am-bn v kmayap-≠m-I-W-sa-∂n-√.

GI-tZiw sN¶o-cn-sb-t]mse tXm∂p∂

a[y-cq-]-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmhpw ChnsS \ΩpsS

]bm-Ww. Cu k©m-c-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ A]-

Xo-£nX ZpX-hy-Xn-bm-\-ß-sfm∂pw D≠m-

ImsX Xs∂, GsX-¶n-ep-samcp L´-

Øn¬ i≤n-°-s∏-SmØ hn[w Iahpw

kq£va-hp-amb ]cnWmaw hgn \mw ]p-

≈n-∏p-en-bn¬ FØn-t®cpw.''(45)

Cu D≤-c-Wnbpw Hcp ]mc-Km^v ]q-

¿-W-ambn tN¿∂XmWv. ]cn-Wmaw sXfn-

bn°pw F∂v \qs‰m-∂m-h¿Øn®psIm-

≠n-cn-°p∂ tUm°n≥kns‚ ]pkvX-I-

Ønse sXfn-bn-°-ens‚ hy‡-amb cq]-

amWv \mw ChnsS I≠-Xv.

BZy- m-KØv imkvX-Øns‚ hy-Xy-

kv-X \n¿h-N-\-ßƒ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-

∂p. Ah-bn¬ hy‡hpw kv]jvS-hp-amb

hn-i-Zo-I-cWw sI. ssh. Fkv kwÿm\

]kn-U‚ v bp. Iem-\m-Yt‚Xm-Wv. A-

t±-lw hni-Zo-I-cn® t]mse Btdgv ]S-

hp-I-fp≈ imkvXob coXn-bn¬ Hcp Ah-

ÿ-bnepw mh-\m-hn-em-k-ßƒ°pw Du-

l--Øn\pw bmsXmcp ÿm\-hp-an-√. ]-

s£ tUm°n≥kns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ G-

dnb Iqdpw t\csØ ]Jym-]n-®Xv t]m-

se At±-l-Øns‚ Dulm-[n-jvTnXpw m-

h-\m-]q¿W-hp-amb A\p-am-\-ß-fn-eq-

sSbmWv ]cn-Wmaw imkvXo-b-ambn sXfn-

bn-°p-∂-Xv(?!)

`mh-\m-]q¿W-amb kb≥kv n-Iv-j-

\m-Wv tUm°n≥kv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv

F¶n¬ AXv hmb-\-°m-cs\ k¶¬]

tem-I-tØ°v B\-bn®v Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-

s‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-bn¬ FØn-t®-s\. k-b-

≥-kv ^nIvj\v ]Icw at‰-sXmcp km-

ln-Xy nIvj-\m-bmepw AXpw hmb-\-

°m¿ Bkz-Zn-°pw. ChnsS nIvj≥ F-

∂-h-Im-i-s∏-SmØ, imkvX-sa∂pw sXfn-

hp-s≠∂pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂, mh-\m-hn-

em-k-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv ]pkvX-

I-Øn-e-[nI mK-hpw. tUm°n≥kv Xs‚

]pkvX-I-Øn¬ sXfn-hp-Iƒ ka¿Yn-°p-

I-bm-bn. BZy-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n® sXfnhv

Um¿hns\ Xs‚ kn≤m¥ cq]o-I-c-W-

ssZh-aX hnizm-khpw ssZh-

krjvSn hnizm-khpw a\p-jys‚

kl-Phpw ss\k¿Kn-I-hp-amb

tNmZ-\bpw tX -hp-amWv. F∂m-¬

]cn-Wm-a-hn-izm-khpw \nco-iz-

chpw a\p-jy-ss\-k¿Kn-I-Xs-°-

Xn-cpw. F∂n-´p-sat¥ tUm-°n-

≥kpw ]cn-Wma \nco-izc hnizm-

kn-Ifpw AXn¬ hniz-kn-°p-

Ibpw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbv-

Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p?

2013 tabv 41

Øn-te°v \bn® hf¿Øp-Po-hn-I-fn¬ Kr-

l ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-eqsS hcp∂ am‰hpw

Im-¿jnI Kth-j-W-ß-fn-eqsS kky-ß-

fn¬ hcp∂ am‰-hp-amWv. Cu hnjbw

]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Fgp-]-Øn-b-©n¬ IqSp-

X-¬ t]Pp-I-fn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n´p≠v. Ah-

tbm-tcm∂pw ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-√.

F¶nepw A¬]w N¿® sNømsX Ah-

K-Wn-°p∂Xv \oXn-b-√.

Cu mK-ß-fpsS XpS-°-an-ßs\ ""arK-

ß-fp-sSbpw kky-ß-fp-sSbpw ]P-\-\-

sØ-]‰n Um¿hn\v \√ ⁄m\-ap-≠m-

bn--cp-∂p. ]mhv Iº-°m-cp-ambpw tlm¿ń-

Iƒ®-dn-Ãp-I-fp-ambpw khntij _‘w

kq£n-®n-cp∂ At±-l-Øn\v \mb-I-sf

Gsd CjvS-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hdn-Pn≥ Hm v

kv]ojn-kns‚ ]Ya A[ymbw hf¿Øp-

ar-K-ß-fnepw kky-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ n∂ Pm-

Xn-Isf Ipdn-®m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v amX-a√

B hnj-bsØ ]‰n ]n∂oSv Hcp ]p-kv-

X-Iw Xs∂ cNn-®n- p-ap-≠v. "a\pjy ]cn-

]m-e\w aqew arK-ßƒ°pw kky-ß-ƒ-

°pw kw -hn-°p∂ sshPm-Xy-ßƒ' (Thevariations of animals and plants under dome-stication) F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \mbbpw

]q®bpw, IpXn-cbpw Igp-Xbpw, ]∂n-Iƒ,

I-∂p-Im-en-Iƒ, BSpIƒ, apb-ep-Iƒ,

]m-hp-Iƒ, tImgn-°p-™p-ßƒ, IuXp-

I--ap-W¿Øp∂ Imt_-Pns\ t]mse-

bp≈ sNSn-Iƒ, hnhn-[-bn\w ]d-h-Iƒ,

Nn-e kky-ßƒ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-s®m-

s° ]tXyIw A[ym-b-ßƒ Xs∂ B

]pkvX-I-Øn-ep≠v.''(46)

Um¿hns\ Krl-]-cn-]m-e\w Xs‚

kn≤m¥ cq]o-I-c-W-Øn¬ FX-amXw

kzm[o-\n-®n-cp∂ F∂v CXn¬\n∂v hy-

‡-am-hpw. AtX Bibw tUm°n≥kn-

s\bpw Gsd Bthiw sIm≈n-°p-∂p-

≠v. AXv sIm≠mWv C°mcyw CX hni-

Z-ambn tUm°n≥kv N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv.

tUm°n≥kv XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp∂p ""k-

Øm-hm-Z-Øn\pw Pohn-h¿K-ß-fpsS ÿnc-

Xm-hm-Z-Øn\pw FXn-sc-bp≈ Bi-b-]-

c-amb IS-∂m-I-a-W-Øn\v Gsd klm-

bIamb Hcp ]®-°dn C\-amWv Imt_-

Pp-Iƒ.''(47) tUm°n≥kns‚ Bthiw hy-

‡-am-Wv. Xs‚ uXnI aX-hn-izm-ksØ

Bi-b-]-c-ambn tNmZyw sNøp∂ ssZh

hnizm-ksØ B™-Sn-°m≥ Zp¿_-e-am-

b Imt_Pp thcp-Ifpw X≠pw D]-tbm-

Kn-°mw F∂ (A)ip`m]vXn hnizm-k-am-

WXv.

XpS-cp∂p: ""Im´p Imt_Pv _ko°m

He-tdjy (Brassica oleracia) F∂ t]cn-

e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p. C∂v \ap°v ]cn-Nn-X-amb

Imt_-Pp-ambn Xń-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬ Im´p-

Im-t_-Pns\ Xncn-®-dn-bpI AX Ffp-∏-

am-hn-√. \ap°v ]cn-Nn-X-amb Imt_-Pns‚

Hcp "If ]Xn∏v' (Weedy version) F∂p

th-W-sa-¶n¬ AXns\ hnfn-°mw. G-Xm-

\pw \q‰m-≠p-IƒsIm≠v k¶c ]P-\-\-

Øns‚ ]Wn-bm-bp-[-ß-fpsS klm-b-

tØmsS tlm¿ń-Iƒ®-dn-Ãp-Iƒ ]d-b-

Ø° ]tXy-I-X-sbm-∂p-an-√mØ Cu Im-

´p-sN-Snsb H∂m-¥cw ]®-°-dn-bm°n ]cp-

h-s∏-SpØnsbSp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p... ]c-

kv]c sshPm-Xy-ap≈ \nc-h[n C\-ß-

sf-bmWv B ]q¿hn-I-\n¬\n∂pw tlm¿ n-

Iƒ®-dn-Ãp-Iƒ krjvSn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

as‰mcp ]cn-NnX DZm-l-cWw sN∂m-

bv-°-fpsS ]cp-h-s∏-Sp-Ø-em-Wv. Im\nkv

ep∏kv (Canis lupus) F∂dnb-s∏-Sp∂

Im´p-sN-∂m-b-bn¬\n∂pw C∂v _nójv

sI∂¬ ¢_v hyXn-cn‡ C\-ß-fmbn

AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p≈ Canis familiaris F∂

hn- m-K-Øn¬s]´ Ccp-∂q-dn-e-[nIw C\-

ß-fmWv IrXna ]P-\-\-Øn-eqsS a\p-

jy-¿ krjvSn-s®-Sp-Øn- p-≈-Xv.''(48)

Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ CXbpw Zo¿Lamb

apJ-hpc Fgp-Xm≥ tUm°n≥kns\ t]-

cn-∏n-®Xv hnj-b-Øn¬ tUm°n≥kn-\p-

≈ Aan-Xm-fl-hn-izm-k-am-Wv. XpS¿∂v

tUm-°n≥kv Krl-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-eqsS

Ir-jn-bnepw hf¿Øp-P-¥p-°-fnepw \S-

°p-∂ \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ]d-bp-

∂p-≠v. B DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ hnh-cn® ti-

j-w Cß-s\-bp≈ am‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ

]IrXn kzbw sNøp-sa∂pw AXn-eqsS

]pXnb P¥p kky h¿K-ßƒ cq]-s∏-

Sp--sa∂pw A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p. At±-l-Øn-

s‚bpw Um¿hn-s‚-bpa-S°w A-Øcw A-

\p-am-\-ßƒ ]cn-Wm-a-hn-izm-k-Øn-\-p-

≈ sXfn-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-

øp-∂p.

ssZhw krjvSn®p \nb-¥n®p h-

f-¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp∂p F∂ hn-

izm-kw a\p-jy-k-l-P-am-Wv˛-ss\-

k¿Kn-I-am-Wv. B ss\k-¿Kn-I-

Kp-WsØ \ntj-[n-°m≥ kz¥w

a\- ns\ ]oUn-∏n®pw Bfl-h-

©-\ \S-Øn-bp-amWv \nco-iz-c, ]-

cn-Wma hnizmkw AXns‚ h-

‡m-°ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv. A-

Ø-cw Ifhv Xs‚ kl-Po-hn-I-

tfm-Sv ]d-bp-∂-Xnt\m ]N-cn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xnt\m a\- m-£n-°ptØm

am\-knI imco-cnI ]ncn-ap-dp-°-

tam AØ-c-°m¿°p-≠m-hn-√.

2013 tabv 42

tUm°n≥kv hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p ""sUm-

a-Ãn-t°-j\v h\y-ar-K-ß-fn¬ D≠m-°m≥

Ign-bp∂ sRń-∏n-°p∂ tXmXn-ep≈

cq] kz`mh hyXn-bm-\-ß-fmWv Rm\n-

hn-sS ][m-\-ambpw ]d-bm-\p-t±-in-°p-∂-

Xv. FX thK-Øn-emWv AXv arK-ßsf

am‰n adn-°p-∂-sX∂v \sΩ Aº-c-∏n-°pw.

k¶c ]P\\ hnZ-Kv[¿ (_o-U¿am¿)

Ifn-a-Æn¬ tamU-ep-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂hsc

t]msetbm I√n¬ IpXn-c, \mb, ]q®,

]ip, Imt_-Pv... XpSßn Xßƒ°n-jvS-

s∏´ NnX-ßƒ Dfn sIm≠v sImØn-bp-

≠m-°p-∂-hsc t]msetbm BWv. Cu

hmMvab NnX-Øn-te°v Rm\p-Ss\ Xncn-

®p-h-cmw. CXn\v ]IrXym \S-°p∂ ]cn-

Wm-a-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-sa-s¥-∂m¬

ChnsS sXc-s™-Sp∏v \S-Øp-∂Xv a\p-

jy-\mWv adn®v ]Ir-Xn-b√ F∂p-≈-Xm-

Wv. F¶nepw \S-°p∂ ]Inb Gsd-

°psd H∂p-X-s∂. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂-

bmWv sUma-Ãn-t°-j\v Um¿hn≥ Hdn-

Pn≥ Hm v kv]ojokns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬

henb ]m[m\yw \¬In-b-Xv. IrXna

\n-¿-[m-c-W-Øn-eqsS kw`-hn-°p∂ ]cn-

Wm-aw B¿°pw a\- n-em-Ip∂ H∂m-Wv.

]IrXn \n¿[m -c -Whpw Aßs\

Xs∂.''(49)

IrXna k¶-e-\-Øn-eqsS k¶-c-bn\w

hf¿Øp-ar-K-ßsf DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ coXn-

bn¬ ]Ir-Xn-bnepw aney¨ IW-°n\v

h-¿j-ß-sf-SpØv am‰ßƒ kw`-hn-t®-

°mw F∂ A\p-am-\-Øn-eq-sSbmWv Um-

¿hn≥ Xs‚ kn≤m¥w cq]o-I-cn-®-Xv. C-

∂v tUm°n≥kpw AsX A n-]m-b-Øn¬

X-s∂-bm-Wv.

tUm°n≥kv ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. ""\m-

b ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw icn°pw \m-

sa-¥mWv ]Tn-°p-∂Xv? H∂m-a-Xmbn, k¶-

c-bn\w \mb-I-fn-se \s√mcp iX-am-\-

Øn-epw, tK‰v sUbn≥ apX¬ tbm¿°n-

Iƒ hsc˛kvtIm- n-Iƒ apX¬ Fb¿ sU-

bn-ep-Iƒ hsc ˛dnUvPv _mIvkv apX¬

Um-jv l≠p-Iƒ hsc, hn∏-‰p-Iƒ apX-

¬ sk‚ v s_¿WmUv hsc, \nb-X-amb

sX-c-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fn-eqsS Po≥ ]qƒ I-S-

™ kv^pSw sNbvXpw icoc LS-\-bn-

epw s]cp-am‰ coXn-bnepw \mS-Iob am‰-

ßƒ D≠m-°m≥ A\m-bmkw km[n-°p-

sa-∂v Imń-Ø-cp-∂p. AXn-i-b-sa∂v ]d-

b-s´, GXm\pw Nne Po\p-Iƒ amXsa

Dƒs∏-ń-´p-≈p-sh-¶nepw D≠m-°p∂ am-

‰w Xo¿Øpw \mS-Io-b-am-Wv. AXn-th-K-

Ønepw GXm\pw \q‰m-≠p-I-f√ adn®v

Z-i-e-£-°-W-°n\v h¿j-ßƒ th≠n

h∂n-´p-≠mhmw F∂p tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂

hn-[w \mS-Io-b-amWv Cu am‰-ßƒ. CX-

b-[nIw ]cn-Wm-a-am-‰-ßƒ GXm\pw Zi-

I-ß-fntem \q‰m-≠p-I-fntem kw -hn-°m-

sa-¶n¬ ]tØm \qtdm Zi-e-£w h¿j-

ß-ƒ sIm≠v kw`-hn-°m-\n-S-bp≈ am‰-

ß-sf ]‰n H∂m-temNn®p t\m°q.''(50)

]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Hcp Pohntbm Po-hn-h-¿-

K-tam as‰mcp Pohnh¿K-ambn amdn-b-Xn∂v

As√-¶n¬ ]cn-W-an-®-Xn\v hy‡hpw kv-

]jvShpw hkvXp\njvT-amb sXfn-thXpw

e`y-a-√m-ØXv sIm≠v Xmc-Xay ]T\ k-

t¶--X-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\v sXfn-

hp-s≠∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°m-\p≈ ia-am-Wn-

Xv. ssPh kky temIsØ Krl]cn-

]m-e-\-Øn\v \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ

]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \nc-Øp-∂p-≠v. Ah-bn¬

NneXv ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v apºv tUm-

°n-≥kv Gsd Bth-i-]q¿hw Ah-X-cn-

∏n-® Krl-]-cn-]m-e\w hne-bn-cpØn ap-

t∂m- p-t]m-Imw.

Cu Xmc-X-ay-Øn-eqsS tUm°n≥kv

]d-bm≥ ian-°p∂Xv X¬ am‰-ßƒ kw -

hn-°p-∂Xv \mw ImWp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v

Yepw am‰-ßƒ h∂n-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ X¬

h∂ am‰-ßƒ bmZr—n-I-amtbm kzm`m-

hn-I-amtbm ss\k¿Kn-I-amtbm kw -hn-

°p-∂n-√. AhnsS am‰-ßƒ kw`-hn-°p-

∂Xv tUm°n≥kv hy‡-am-°nb t]mse

"\n-b-X-amb Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fn-eqsS Po≥

]qƒ IS™ kv pSw sNbvXpw' hcp-Øp-

∂ am‰-ß-fmWv. AsX X¬ hcp∂ am‰-

ß-ƒ a\p-jy-s\∂ FIvtÃ-W¬ G-P-

‚ns‚ IrXyhpw t_m[-]q¿hhpw _p≤n-

]q¿h-hp-amb Bkq-X-W-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈

CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ aqe-am-Wv.

Krl-]-cn-]m-e-\sØ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-

∂-Xn-eqsS kwPm-X-am-Ip-∂Xv Y¬ Fs¥-

¶nepw am‰w kw -hn-°-W-sa-∂p-s≠-¶n¬

]-IrXn IrXyhpw t_m[, _p≤n-]q¿h-

amb Bkq-X-W-Øn-eqsS CS-s]-Sp∂

aq∂mw I£n (Third party)bmbn h¿Øn-

°m≥ _p≤nbpw t_m[-hp-ap≈ hy-‡n-

tbm hkvXpthm ]Xn- m-ktam Bth-≠-

Xp-≠v. krjvSn, Bkq-X-W-hm-Z-ßsf

\ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-te°pw AwKo-I-cn-°p-

∂-Xn-te°pw tUm°n≥kpw ]cn-Wm-a-hn-

izm-kn-Ifpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]cn-W-an-

IrXna k¶-e-\-Øn-eqsS k¶-c-

bn\w hf¿Øp-ar-K-ßsf DXv]m-

Zn-∏n-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ ]Ir-Xn-

bnepw aney¨ IW-°n\v h¿j-

ß-sf-SpØv am‰ßƒ kw`-hn-

t®°mw F∂ A\p-am-\-Øn-eq-

sSbmWv Um¿hn≥ Xs‚

kn≤m¥w cq]o-I-cn-®-Xv. C∂v

tUm°n≥kpw AtX A`n-]m-b-

Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv.

2013 tabv 43

°p∂ IuXpI ImgvN-bm-Wn-Xn-eqsS Im-

Wp-∂-Xv. (Bkq-X-W-hm-Z-sØ-°p-dn®v

tUm°n≥kv ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ N¿® sNøp-

∂p-≠v. hnjbw AhnsS N¿® XpScmw).

tUm°n≥kpw ]cn-Wma hnizm-kn-Ifpw

ka¿Yn-°p-∂-Xv, ]IrXn\n¿[m-c-W-sa∂

]cn-WmatZh\v YbpsS Poh-\-co-Xn-Iƒ

Xo-cp-am-\n-°m\pw, AXn-en-S-s]-Sm\pw

AXns‚ h¿Ø-am-\hpw mhnbpw \n¿W-

bn®v Bh-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ kzoI-

cn®v Ysb am‰n-a-dn®v ]pXnb Pohn h¿K-

ß-fm°n ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°m\pw hym]n-∏n-

°m\pw \ne-\n¿Øm-\p-ap≈ mcn® DØ-

c-hm-Zn-Øhpw Ign-hp-ap≈ Bkq-X-I-\m-

bn amdp-I-bmWv ]IrXn!

Krl]cn-]m-e-\-sØ kw_-‘n®v

tUm°n≥kv ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Nne

DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ \ap°pw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Smw.

""Cu taJ-e-bnse Iº-ap-≈-h¿ (Func-iers) sa®-s∏´ kzchpw cq]- w-Knbpw In´m-

\mbn ssa\m ]£n-Isf (Canaries) _o-

Uv sNøm-dp-≠v. Im´p-ssa-\-Iƒ Xhn´p

Ie¿∂ a™ \nd-ap≈ Ipcp-hn-I-fm-Wv.

(Finch) ImWm≥ AX sa®-sam-∂p-an√

Xm\pw. _oU¿am¿ B ]£n-bn¬ kw -

hn-°p∂ n∂ D¬∏-cn-h¿Ø-\ßƒ hcp-

Øp∂ h¿W hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ kkq-£v-

aw ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw B \nd-°q- n¬\n∂pw

ssa-\m ]£n-bpsS t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂ Hcp khn-tij a™-\ndw sXc-s™-

Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns\ "ssI\dn

a™' (Canary yellow) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

CsXm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw ssa\m-∏-£n°v

B t]cp hoWXv sIbv\dn Zzo]p-I-fpsS

t]cn¬\n-∂m-Wv. A√msX Kme-∏-tKmkv

Zzo]p-I-fpsS (Galapagos Islands) Imcy-

Øn¬ kw -hn-®-Xp-t]mse sIbv\-dn-I-fn-

¬\n-∂√ ]kvXpX Zzo]n\v B t]cv ho-

W-Xv. kv]m\njv mj-bn¬ Ba-bv°p≈

]Z-Øn¬\n∂mWv Kme-∏-tKm-kn\v B

t]-cv h∂-Xv. ssa\m ]£n-Iƒ IqSp-X-

epw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv Ah-bpsS ]mńs‚

t]cn-em-Wv. Cu Ignhpw kºp-jvS-am-°p-

∂-Xnepw a\pjy _oU¿am¿ \√ ]¶v

hln-®n- p-≠v. Np≠v AS-®p-]n-Sn®p ]mSm≥

Ign-bp∂ tdmf-dp-Iƒ (Rollers) Dƒs∏sS

\nc-h[n ]m´p-Imsc ]£n-Iƒ°n-S-bn-¬-

\n∂pw \mw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-Øn- p-≠v.'' (51)

CXp-t]mse hen-®p-\o-ńb CØcw

hmN-I-ß-fm¬ kºp-jvS-amWv ]pkvX-

Iw. a\p-jy¿ ssa\-Isf _oUp sNbvXn-

´p≠v F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv sIm≠v AXv ]cn-

Wm-a-Øn-\p≈ sXfn-hm-Ip∂ kqX-hm-

Iyw Fs¥∂v IqSn hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠n-bn-

cn-°p-∂p. AØcw ia-ßfpw ]pkvX-I-

Øn-ep-≠v. ""DZym\ ]pjv]-ß-fpsS Imcy-

Øn-se∂ t]mse Xßƒ°p-apºv s]¨

t^-k‚p-IfpsS _oUp sNbvsXSpØ

B¨ t^k‚p-Isf IqSp-X¬ ]cn-jvI-

cn-°p-I-bmWv tÛ‚p-Isf _oUp sN-

øp-∂ a\p-jy¿ sNbvX-Xv. AXv hgn tKm-

ƒU≥ t^k‚p-Isf IÆ©n∏n°p∂

amXr-I-Iƒ D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A-

Xm-bXv s]¨ t^k‚p-Iƒ \SØnb

_o-Un-ßns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv a\pjy _o-

U¿am¿ \S-Øn-b-Xv. ChnsS GXm\pw

Nne D¬∏-cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hgn-bp≈

hyXn-bm\w ]n¥p-S¿∂mWv CXv km[n-

s®-Sp-Ø-Xv.(52) ChnsS tUm°n≥kv ]d-

bp∂Xv t^k‚p-Iƒ CW-Isf _oUv

sNbvsX-Sp-°p-Ibpw XpS¿∂Xv a\p-jy¿

Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te°v \bn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvsX-∂mWv F¥mWv A-

Ø-cw Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Øn\v At±-l-Øn-

s‚ ]°-ep≈ sXfnhv F∂v ]d-bm-ØXv

sIm≠v AXpw tIhew Dulw Xs∂.

IrXna _oUn-ßn-s\-°p-dn®v hmNm-

e-\m-Ip∂ tUm°n≥kv ]e kky-ßfpw

P-¥p-°fpw CWsb _oUv sNøp-∂p-

s≠-∂m-W-v ]dbp∂Xv. G‰hpw BI¿j-

I-amb B¨ abn-ep-Isf CW tNc-en¬

s]¨ abn-ep-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xp

Imc-Ww, G‰hpw kuµ-cy-ap≈ B¨

a-bn-ep-Iƒ amXw AXn-Po-hn-°p-sa∂pw

BI¿j-I-amb ]qhp≈ ]qh≥ tImgn-

I-sf ]nS-t°mgn Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv ap-

tJ\ ]qh≥am-cnse ]qhns‚ kuµcyw

h¿[n®p h¿[n®p hcp-sa∂pw At±lw

]-d-bp-∂p-≠v. AØcw sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-

fn-eqsS kuµcyw IqSp-X-ep≈ B¨ a-

bn-ep-I-fp-sSbpw ]qh≥ tImgn-I-fp-sSbpw

Xe-ap-d-Iƒ \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw A√m-Ø-

h C√msX BIp-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂pw F-

gp-Xp-∂p.

AXv t]mse a\p-jy¿ P¥p-°-fn¬

CS-s]´v kz`mham‰-ßƒ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-

s\-°p-dn®pw tUm°n≥kv Fgp-Xp-∂p-≠v.

Ip-dp-°≥am-cnepw Kn∏n a’y-ß-fnepw

]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Hcp Pohntbm Po-hn-

h¿Ktam as‰mcp Pohnh¿K-ambn

amdn-b-Xn∂v As√-¶n¬ ]cn-W-an-

®-Xn\v hy‡hpw kv]jvShpw h-

kvXp\njvT-amb sXfn-thXpw e`y-

a-√m-ØXv sIm≠v Xmc-Xay ]T\

kt¶-X-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-

\v sXfn-hp-s≠∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°m-

\p≈ ia-am-Wv- C∂v \S-∂p-h-cp-

∂-Xv.

2013 tabv 44

A-Øcw am‰-ßƒ ]I-S-am-bXpw A-t±-

lw DZm-l-cn-°p-∂p. tUm°n≥kns‚ hm-

-°p-Iƒ

""sacp°w (Tameness)AX-s√-¶n¬

AXv t]mse as‰-s¥-¶nepw Ign-hp-Iƒ

]IrXn]c-amtbm IrXn-a-amtbm Fßs\

hm¿sØ-Sp-°m-sa-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n B[p-\nI

ImeØv Bth-i-I-c-amb Hcp ]co-£Ww

\S-∂n- p-≠v. tcma hym]m-c-Øn\v D]-tbm-

Kn-°m-\mbn djy≥ kn¬h¿ Pw_p-

I≥am¿°n-S-bn¬ (Russian silver foxes) \S-

Ønb Hcp ]cn-io-e-\-]-≤-Xn-bm-W-Xv. \ap-

°p≈ ]mTw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ Cu ]-

co-£Ww ]Zm\w sNøp∂ Bthiw Cc-

ń-°p-∂p. Km¿lnI ]cn-]m-e\w, _o-Un-

ßv sXc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ ]m¿iz- -e-ßƒ,

]IrXn \n¿[m-c-Whpw IrXna \n¿[m-

c-Whpw XΩn-ep≈ kam-\-X-Iƒ F∂n-

h-sb-∏‰n Um¿hn≥ Adn-™-Xn∂pw a\-

n-em-°n-b-Xn∂pw D]-cn-bmb Imcy-ß-

fmWv Cu ]mTw \ap°v e`y-am-°p-∂-Xv.(53)

Cu ]co-£Ww \ap°v ]cn-N-b-s∏Smw.

""hƒ∏kv hƒ∏kv (Vulpes vulpes)F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]cn-Nn-X-amb Nph-∏≥

Ipdp-°≥am-cn¬ \nd-ssh-Pm-Xy-ap≈ Hcn-

\-amWv djy≥ kn¬h¿ Ipdp-°≥. at\m-

l-c-amb tcma-amWv AXns‚ aqeyw h¿-

[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. djy≥ P\n-XI imkvX-

⁄-\mb ZnanXn _teyhv (Dimitri Bal-yaev) 1950 Ifn¬ Hcp Ipdp-°≥ ^m-an-

s‚(Fox farm)\S-Øn-∏p-Im-c-\mbn tPmen

t\m°n-bn-cp-∂p.''(54)

ZnanXn _teyhv Ipdp-\cn ^man¬

(Fox farm) tPmen sNøp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬

Is≠-Ønb Imcy-ß-sf-¥m-bn-cp∂p F∂v

IqSn a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw.

""h-\y-X-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ Ipdp-°≥amsc

ssI-Im-cyw sNøpI AX Ffp-∏-a-√. sa-

cp-°w e£y-an´v Ahsb t_m[-]q¿hw

_oUv sNøm-\mWv _teyhv BZyw ]cn-

i--an-®-Xv. A°m-esØ GsXmcp k-ky-

-Pohn _oU-sdbpw t]mse sXc-s™-

Sp-∏n-\mbn ]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-ambn Xs∂ e`y-

am-Ip∂ hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ NqjWw sNøm-

\mWv At±lhpw Xp\n-™Xv... Ipdp-°-

≥-Ip-™n\v ssIbn¬ Blmcw h®v am-

Sn hnfn-°p-Ibpw Ah h∂v Xn∂p-tºmƒ

tXmfØpw ]pd-Øp-sams° Xń emfn-

°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p AXn-semcp ]co-£-

Ww...

sacp°w e£y-an´v tIhew Bdv X-

e-ap-d-Iƒ _oUv sNbvX-t∏m-tg°pw Ip-

dp-°≥am¿ icn°pw amdn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p.

AtXmsS _oU¿am¿ B ]pXnb Im‰-

K-dn°v "Krl ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-

am-b Ipeo-\¿' (Domestical elite) F-s∂m-

cp ]tXyI t]cpan- p. apdp-ap-dpØv i≤-

bm-I¿jn-°m≥ Ah ioen-®p. ]co-£Ww

\S-Øp-∂-hsc \mb-Isf t]mse aW-

∏n-°m\pw \°m-\p-sams° X¬]-c-cm-bn-

cp∂ Cu hn`m-K-Øn\v s]mXpsh a\p-

jy-cp-ambn ASp-°m≥ \√ D¬km-l-am-

bn-cp-∂p.''(55)

hfsc Bkq-Xn-X-amb ]co-£-W-ß-

fn-eqsS hf¿Øp∂ Ipdp-°≥amsc CW-

°-ap-≈-Xm-°m≥ Ign™p F∂-XmWv

Cu ]co-£-W-ß-fnse BsI-Øp-I. a-

\p-jys\ I≠m¬ HmSn-b-I-ep∂ a\p-jy-

ZrjvSn ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcmsX ]em-b\ Zq-

cw(Flight distance) ]men-°p∂ Ipdp-°-

≥amsc AXns‚ tcmaw DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°pI

F∂ e£y-tØmsS sacp°n hf¿Øp∂

^man-emWv Cu ]co£Ww. £-Wm-h-

iy-Øn\pw a‰pw a\p-jy-cp-ambn CW-°-

an-√mØ \mb, ]q®, Im° XpS-ßnb P-

¥p-°ƒ a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂v A-hs‚ AI-

a-Øn¬\n∂v˛HmSn-c-£-s]-Sm≥ amXw

AIew i≤n®v i≤-tbmsS CS-s]-Sp-

I-bpw `£Ww tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

CXv a\p-jy-tcmSv amX-a√ a‰p Pohn-I-

tfm-Spw ]men-°p-∂p. adp]-£Øv \n∂v

]-Xn-I-c-W-an-s√-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬

ASp-Øv hcp-∂p. Ah°v £-Whpw ]m-

Y-anI Bh-iy-ßfpw (C-W-tN-cm\pw

]k-hn-°m\pw k¥m\ ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-

\pw a‰pap≈) Bh-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-

∂Xpw a\p-jy≥ Xs∂. Ah-‰-I-fn¬ Nn-

ehsb t_m[-]q¿hw CW-°n-sb-SpØp.

AXns\ ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\pw ]IrXn \n¿-

[-m-c-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ sXfn-hmbn Ah-X-cn-

∏n-°p-I-bmWv tUm°n≥kv ChnsS sN-

øp-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ hcmsX ]em-

b-\-Zqcw ]men-°p∂ Ipdp-°≥am¿ a\p-

jy-\p-ambn CWßn F∂-Xm-Wt√m sXfn-

hm-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Ipdp-°\v a\p-jys\

B-I-an-°pI, sIme-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂ kz-

`mh-w C√ F∂Xv ]tXyIw ]cn-K-W-

AI-a-Im-cn-b-√mØ a\p-jys\

t]Sn-°p∂ Ipdp-°s\ CW-°n-

sb-SpØXv hnh-cn®v t]Pp-Iƒ

\nd-®-Xp-sIm≠v amXw ]cn-Wm-a-

Øn\v sXfn-hm-In-√. kl-km-_vZ-

ß-fmbn Im´parK-amb B\ a\p-

jys‚ hml-\hpw mc-hm-l-I\pw

bp≤-ap-∂-Wn-bnse t]mcm-fn-bp-

am -Wv. AsXm∂pw bmsXmcp

XcØnepw ]cn-Wm-a-sØbpw

]IrXn\n¿[m -c -W -sØbpw

\ymbo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sXfn-bn-°p-

I-bp-an√.

2013 tabv 45

\o-b-am-Wv. F∂m¬ X°w Inń-bm¬ a\p-

jys\ BI-an-°p-Ibpw sIm∂p Xn∂p-

I-bpw sNøp∂ knwlw, ISp-h, ]pen

Xp-S-ßnb lnwk P¥p-°sf ]cn-K-Wn-

°p-I. a\p-jy≥ t_m[-]q¿hw Ah-‰-I-

fn¬ kpc-£nX ]em-b\ Zpcw (Safe Flightdistance) ]men-°p∂-Xn¬ i≤n-°p-∂p.

A-Øcw AI-a-Im-cn-I-fmb lnwk arK-

ßsf a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ Xs‚ ]b-Xv\-

Øn-eq-sSbpw ]cn-N-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw ]cn-

io-e-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw CW-°n sacp°n F-

Sp-°p∂p F∂v amX-a√ Ah-‰-Isf Xß-

fpsS sNm¬]Sn°v \n¿Øn ASn-a-the

sN-øn-°p∂p F∂Xv GsXm-cmƒ°pw

Adn-bm-hp-∂-X-s√. GsXmcp k¿°kv

Iq-Sm-c-ß-fn-sebpw apJy BI¿jWw C-

Øcw lnwk P¥p-°-fpsS A`ymk ]-

I-S-\-ß-fmWv CØcw lnwk arK-ß-fp-

sS A`ymk]I-S-\-ßƒ ImWm\pw B-

kz-Zn-°m\pw a\p-jy-cnse òcp-°-fn¬

òcp t]mepw Xøm-dm-hp-∂p. 2000¬ Zp_m-

bn¬ Hcp sibvJns‚ hoń¬ Ahn-SpsØ

Poh-\-°m-c-\mb kplr-Øns\ ImWm≥

t]mbXv ad-°m-\m-hn-√. Ahn-SpsØ ASp-

°-fbpw Ãm^v At°m-a-tU-j\pw tN-

¿∂ tªm°n-emWv t]mb-Xv. AhnsS sXm-

-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS IqsS as‰mcp Xma-k-°m-

c-\pw D≠m-b-cp-∂p. B At¥-hm-knsb

]cn-N-cn°m≥ C¥ym-°m-c-\mb Hcp ]cn-

Nm-c-I\pw. B At¥-hmkn Ahn-SpsØ

a\p-jy-cpsS IqsS Ah-cpsS s_Uvdq-ap-

I-fnepw kzoI-c-W-ap-dn-bnepw ASp-°f k-

ap--®-b-Ønepw Hcp IpSpw-_mw-KsØ t]m-

se kzX-¥-ambn \S-°p-∂p. F√m-bv-t∏m-

gpw ]cn-Nm-c-I≥ Iqń-\p-≠m-hn-√. B hn.

sF.- ]n a‰m-cp-a√ km£m¬ ]p≈n-∏p-

en-bm-bn-cp-∂p. BZy ImgvN-bn¬ A¬]w

`bw tXm∂n F¶nepw ]n∂oSv IuXp-I-

hpw hm¬k-ey-hp-ambn ]cn-W-an-®p AXn-

t\m-Sp≈ hnIm-cw.

CØcw AI-a-Im-cn-I-fmb lnwk P-

¥p-°ƒ t]mepw a\p-jy-\p-ambn C-W-

ßn kl-h¿Øn-ØtØmsS Pohn-°p∂

ImgvN-Iƒ H‰-s∏-´-X-√. AI-a-Im-cn-b-

√mØ a\p-jys\ t]Sn-°p∂ Ipdp-°s\

CW-°n-sb-SpØXv hnh-cn®v t]Pp-Iƒ

\nd-®-Xp-sIm≠v amXw ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\v sX-

fn-hm-In-√. kl-km-_vZ-ß-fmbn Im´parK-

amb B\ a\p-jys‚ hml-\hpw `mc-

hm-l-I\pw bp≤-ap-∂-Wn-bnse t]mcm-fn-

bp-am-Wv. AsXm∂pw ]cn-Wm-a-sØbpw

]IrXn \n¿[m-c-W-sØbpw \ymbo-I-cn-

°p-Ibpw sXfn-bn-°p-I-bp-an√ F∂v Xncn-

®-dn-bm≥ hI-Xn-cn-hn-√m-Ø-h-cmtWm tUm-

°n≥kpw ]cn-Wma aX hnizm-kn-I-fpw!

as‰m-cp-Zm-l-cWw tUm°n-≥-kn-¬-\n-

∂v """\mb' F∂v \man∂v hnfn-°p∂ arKw

a\p-jy≥ Krl-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-eqsS am‰n-

a-- ----- ----dn® sN∂mb BsW∂p Rm≥ ]d-

™p. ]s£, Cu hnjbw \mb-bpsS

]cn-Wm-asØ kw_-‘n® Bth-i-I-c-

amb kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ hne-

bn-cp-tØ≠ _m[yX IqSn F\n-°p-≠v.

Chn-sSbpw tdm_¿´v tIm]nw-K-dmWv

hy‡-am-bn Imcy-ßƒ \n¿[m-cWw

sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. \mb ]cn-Wm-a-sa∂

Bibw tI-h-ew IrXna ]cn-Wm-a-Øn¬

amX-ambn ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-√.

sN∂mb a\p-jys‚ Bh-iy-ßƒ°-\p-

k-c-W-ambn ]IrXn\n¿[m-c-W-Øns‚

hgn-Øm-c-bn-eqsS kzbw ]cp-h-s∏-´-

Xns‚ hnj-bhpw Ahn-sS-bp-≠v. AXm-

bXv \mw Nne sN-∂m-b-Isf \mb-I-fm-

°n-bXv t]mse a‰p Nne sN∂m-b-Iƒ

t_m[-]q¿h-a-√msX kz-bw \mbbmbn

]cn-W-an-®n- p-≠v. \mb-bpsS BZy Krl-

]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn¬ ]e-Xpw sN∂m-b-Iƒ

kzbw kzoI-cn® Krl-]-c-n-]m-e-\-amWv

(Self-domestication) Ir-Xn-a \n¿[m-c-W-

a√ adn®v \n¿[m-c-W-am-Wn-hnsS a[y-ÿ-

X hln®Xv. IrXna \n¿[m-c-W-Øns‚

D]-I-c-W-s∏-ń-bpsS ta¬ \mw ssIsh-

°p-∂-Xn\v hfsc apºv Xs∂ bmsXm-cp-

hn-[ a\pjy CS-s]-S-ep-an-√msX Xs∂

sN-∂m-b-Iƒ "\m´p-\mb' (Village dog) B-

bn kzbsa Krl-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v hnt[-

b--am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Cu L -Øn-\p-ti-j-am-

Wv a\p-jy≥ Cu \m´p-\m-b-Isf Hmtcm-

∂m-bn kzoI-cn®v XpS¿ ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-eq-

sS Ah-bpsS cq]- m-h-ßƒ am‰n-a-dn-®-Xv.(56)

\mb ]cn-Wm-asØ Ipdn®v Hcp]msS-

gp-Xn-bn- p-≠v tUm°n≥kv. AXv ]cn-Wma

aX en-X-ambn Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬ bm-

sXm-cp ssha\kyhpw th≠. \mb ]-

Ir-Xn \n¿[m-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw IrXna

\n¿[m-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Krl-]-cn-]m-e-\-

Øn-eq-sSbpw \mb-bmbn Xs∂ ]cn-W-an-

®p F∂v Kth-j-Wm-flI ]co-£-W-Øn-

eqsS sXfn-bn-°p-I-bmWv tUm°n≥kv

ChnsS \n¿h-ln-®-Xv. C\n-bp-ap≠v C-Ø-

cw ]cn-WmasØfn-hp-Iƒ. thW-sa-¶n¬

_kv, _kmbpw hnam\w hnam-\-ambpw

sX-ßv sXßmbpw Ddpºv Ddp-ºmbpw ]-

\mb]cn-Wm-asØ Ipdn®v Hcp-]m-

sS-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v tUm°n-≥kv.

AXv ]cn-Wma aX en-X-ambn B-

kz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬ bm-sXm-cp ssha-

\kyhpw th≠. \mb ]-Ir-Xn \n-

¿-[m-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw IrXna \n-

¿[m-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Krl-]-cn-

]m-e-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw \mb-bmbn

Xs∂ ]cn-W-an-®p F∂v Kth-j-

Wm-flI ]co-£-W-Øn-eqsS sX-

fn-bn-°p-I-bmWv tUm°n≥kv C-

hnsS \n¿h-ln-®-Xv. C\n-bp-ap≠v

C-Ø-cw ]cn-WmasØfn-hp-Iƒ.

2013 tabv 46

cn-W-an®Xns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-∂Xv GsX-¶nepw \nkm-c-°m-c-\-√.

C-∂v temIØv Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ G-

‰hpw D∂-X\pw HmIvkvt^m¿Uv bqWn-

th-gvkn‰n ap≥ s]m -k-dp-amb ]cn-Wm-

a-hpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw sXfn-bn-°m\pw

ka¿Yn-°m\pw ÿm]n-°m\pw Xs‚ k-

abw ]cn-]q¿W-ambn \o°n-h® dn®m¿Uv

tUm°n≥kv F∂ \s´-√p≈ Pohn-bm-

Wv.-(57) F∂Xv Gsd Bthiw ]I-cp-∂-

XmWv. temIØv Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-cn¬

A-Xyp-∂-X-\mb ]cn-Wma aX ]t_m-[-

Is‚ ]°¬\n∂v CØcw Hcp enXw

te-mIw Bkz-Zn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

Krl-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-eqsS kky-ß-fn-

epw sNSn-I-fnepw am‰w kw`-hn-°p-∂p.

F-∂-Xm-Wt√m ]IrXn \n¿[m-c-W-

Øn\pw AXp-hgn ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\pw sXfn-

hmbn ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ BZy- m-KØv A-

h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Krl ]cn-]m-e\w P¥p-

kky temIØv FX-tØmfw am‰w h-

cp-Øpw F∂v IqSn hne-bn-cp-Ømw. DZm-

l-c-W-Øn\v Db¿∂ tXmXn¬ a[pcw

e`n-°p∂ Icnºv Xnc-s™-SpØv h-f-¿-

ØnsbSpØm¬ a[pcw ]cn-[n-I-tf-Xp-an-

√msX h¿[n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°ptam? A-

Xvt]mse FÆ-°p-cp-hmb tNmf-Øn-s‚

FÆ-bp-Xv∏m-Z\ tijn h¿[n®v tNm-f-

°p-cp-hnse FÆ-bpsS Afhv 100 iX-

am-\-Øntem \qdp iX-am-\-Øn-\-SptØm

FØp-tam. Cs√-∂m-Wv hkvXp-X. GXv

k-ky-sØ-bm-bmepw AXns‚ Izmfn‰n h-

¿[n-∏n-°m-\p≈ iaw Hcp ]cn-[n-bn-se-

Øn-bm¬ \n¬°pw. GsXmcp PohnbpsS

Ahÿbpw AXpt]mse Xs∂. DZm-l-

c-W-Øn\v Hcp ]tXyI tcmK-Øn-s\-

Xnsc ]Xn-tcm[w t\SpI As√-¶n¬ ]-

tXy-I Imbn-I-tijn hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°pI

Xp-S-ßnb coXn-bn¬ Hcp P¥p-(h¿Kw)

]p-tcm-KXn t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw CXp-t]mse

]cn-[nbpw ]cn-an-Xn-bp-ap-≠v. tUm°n≥kv

CXv hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

""C√n-t\mbn FIvkv]n-cn-sa‚ v tÃj-

\nse Irjn imkvX-⁄¿ hfsc ]-

t≠,- AXm-bXv 1896 apX¬ sNbvXp-h-cp-

∂ Hcp ]co-£-W-am-Wn-Xv... BZy Km^n-

Iv NnX-Øn¬ tNmf hnØp-I-fnse FÆ-

bpsS Af-hns\ kw_-‘n® IW-°p-I-

ƒ c≠v IrXna tcJ-I-fpsS klm-b-

tØm-sS NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp tcJ

IqSnb FÆbpsS km∂n-[yhpw at‰Xv

Ipd™ km∂n-[yhpw ]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.

CXv icn-°pw \S-Ø-s∏´ ]co-£Ww X-

s∂-bm-Wv. t_m[-]q¿h-ap≈ c≠v CS-

s]-Sep ê-amWv \man-hnsS Xmc-Xayw

sN-øp-∂-Xv. hyXymkw hfsc \mS-Io-b-

am-sW∂v amX-a√ AXv ItaW h¿[n-

®p-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. apI-fn-te-°p≈

t]m°pw Xmtg-°p≈ t]m°pw Ah-km-

\w Hcp ka-Xp-e-\m-hÿbn-embn C√m-

Xm-Ip-∂Xpw ImWmw. ImcWw Ipd™

F-Æ km∂n[yw ]qPy-Øn¬ t]mIm≥

km-[y-a-√. IqSnb km∂n[yw hfsc kv-

]jvS-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ Aß-s\-bm-Ip-

I-bpan√.''(58)

Cu ]kvXm-h-\-bn¬\n∂v sNSn-Isf

Krl-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn-eqsS hfsc Hu∂-Xy-

Øn-te°pw AXp-t]mse Gsd A[-a-

Xz-Øn-te°pw \bn°m≥ km[y-a√ F∂v

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-t]mse Fen-I-fn¬

\-S-Ønb Hcp ]co-£-W-hp-w IqSnb tUm-

°n≥kv hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

""IrXna \n¿[m-c-W-Øns‚ bYm¿Y

i‡n shfn-hm-°p∂ as‰mcp et_m-d-´-

dn ]co-£Ww IqSn t\m°mw. as‰m-cp-X-

c-Øn¬ \sΩ ]eXpw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp

]co-£Ww Xs∂-bm-W-Xv.'' ""...Z¥-£-b-

Øn-s\-Xnscbp≈ ]Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn-bpsS

A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ GXm≠v 17 Xe-ap-d-

I-fn¬ Fen-Isf sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv

k-w_-‘n® IW-°m-Wv. FX-Imew A-

s√-¶n¬ FX Znhkw Fen-Iƒ Z¥-£-

b-Øn¬\n∂v ap‡-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn-

s\ Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bmWv ChnsS k-a-bw

Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]co-£-W-Øns‚

XpS-°-Øn¬ Z¥-£b oj-Wn-bn-√m-Xn-

cp∂ icm-icn Ime-L´w 100 Znh-k-am-bn-

cp-∂p. GI-tZiw 12- -Hmfw Xe-ap-d-I-fn¬

\S-Ønb sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-eqsS Z¥-£-b-

an-√mØ Ime-L´w GXm≠v \men-c- ntbm

AXn-e-[n-Itam Bbn Zo¿Ln-∏n-°m-\m-

bn. ho≠pw CXn\v hn]-co-X-ambn Z¥-

£-bw ]nSn-s]-Sp-∂Xv FXbpw t\c-sØ-

bm-°m-\mbn sXc-s™-Sp∏v \S-Ønb F-

en-Isf ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp tcJ-

bpw hc-®n-´p≠v.''(59) Chn-sS aqjn-I≥am-

cp-sS Z¥-£bw Xosc C√m-Xm-°m\pw

G‰hpw ]mc-ay-Øn-se-Øn-°m-\p-ap≈ ]-

_kv, _kmbpw hnam\w hnam-\-

ambpw sX-ßv sXßmbpw Ddpºv

Ddp -ºmbpw ]-cn -W-an®Xns‚

sXfn-hp-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

GsX-¶nepw \nkm-c-°m-c-\-√. C-

∂v temIØv Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-

Xn¬ G-‰hpw D∂-X\pw

HmIvkvt^m¿Uv bqWn-th-gvkn‰n

ap≥ s]m^-k-dp-amb dn®m¿Uv

tUm°n≥kmWv.

2013 tabv 47

co-£-W-Ønepw ê-]m]vXn a[y-am-h-

ÿ-bn¬ \n¬°p-I-bmWv F∂Xv Gsd

it≤-b-am-Wv.

Cu c≠p et_m-d- dn ]co-£-W-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-hp-∂p.

B-kq-Xn-Xhpw t_m[-]q¿h-hp-ambn k-

ky-tem-IØpw P¥p-tem-IØpw \S-Øn-

b ]co-£-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂v P¥p-hm-bm-

epw kky-am-bmepw Ahbv°v ]cn-[nbpw

]-cn-an-Xnbpw adn-I-S∂p Hcp am‰hpw km-

[y-a-s√-∂m-Wv. Cu ]co-£W e-ßƒ

IqSmsX CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ am‰-ß-fpsS ]cn-

[nsb hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw

tUm°n≥kns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Gsd-

bp-≠v. AXn-te°v t]mIp-∂n-√. IrXna

\n¿[m-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Krl ]cn-]m-e-

\-Øn-eq-sSbpw Bkq-Xn-Xhpw _p≤n-]q-

¿hhpw \nb-X-ambn CS-s]- n´p ew a[y-

am-hÿ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p F∂-Xn¬ \n∂v

Hcp Pohn°pw Hcp kv]ojn-kn\pw as‰m-

cp Pohntbm kv]ojntkm Bbn ]cn-W-

an-°m≥ km[y-a-s√∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂p Cu

]co-£Ww Bkq-Xn-Xhpw t_m[-]q-¿-

hhpw \nb-X-amb am¿K-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v

\SØnbn´pw hnti-jn®v am‰-ß-sfm-∂p-ap-

≠m-Ip-∂n√ F¶n¬ ]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ss\-

k-¿Kn-I-ambn bmsXmcp _mly CS-s]-S-

ep--an-√msX GsX-¶nepw Pohntbm ssP-

h-h¿Ktam Fß-s\-bmWv as‰mcp Po-hn-

tbm ssPh-h¿Ktam Bbn ]cn-W-an-°pI

F∂p sXfn-bn-°pI t]mbn v hniz-kn-°p-

I?! ]s£ ]cn-Wma hnizm-kn-Iƒ A-

ßs\ hniz-kn®pw ]N-cn-∏n®pw sImt≠-

bn-cn-°pw. ImcWw ssZh-krjvSn F∂-

h-¿°v Nn¥n-°m≥ t]mepw Ah-cpsS A-

l-¶m-c-a-\p-h-Zn-°n-√.

Ref:29 bp‡nZ¿i\w (]-cn-jvI-cn® ]Xn∏v)

No-^v FUn-‰¿ bp. Iem-\m-Y≥, F. Sn tIm-hq¿ SÃv, tImgn-t°m-Sv, t]Pv 1

30 AtX ]pkvXIw apJ-hpc t]Pv 5, ]p-dw-N´

31 www.en.wikipedia.org/niyandarthal32 `qan-bnse G‰hpw al-Ømb Zriy-

hn-kvabw ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ: Un.chn-N-µ≥ Un. kn _pIvkv, t]Pv 49

33 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 49

34 www.wikipedia.org/plato35 www.wikipedia.org/anceanteagypt36 www.wikipedia.org/indus_wally-civi-

lization37 www.wikipedia.org/neolithic_europe38 bp‡n-Z¿i\w t]Pv 93

39 AtX ]pkvXIw, t]Pv 1

40 \mkvXn-I-\mb ssZhw: dn®m¿Uv

tUm°n≥kns‚ temIw, kn. chn-N-µ≥, Un.kn. _pIvkv, t]Pv 202



43 `qan-bnse G‰hpw al-Ømb Zriy-hn-kvabw: ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ:

t]Pv 52, 53

44 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 53, 54












56 AtX ]pkvXIw t]Pv 108,109




(XpScpw)

b≥ teJ\ßƒ' aebmfØn¬ A]q¿-

ham-Wv. Iu¨knenwKv sk‚dnseØnb

hnhmltamNnXbpsS kzImcyhn-jbß-

tfm-sSm∏w Xs‚ hnjbmk‡n IqSn ]pd-

sØ-Sp°msa∂v IcpXp∂ aq∂mwInS Iu-

-kne¿amcpsS "NnI™pt\m°v Akp-

Jw' t]msebmhWw kz¥w teJ\-Øn-

s‚ D≈S°w F∂v IcpXp∂hsc Ipdn-

-®v F¥v ]dbm≥!

AØcw kmwkvImcnI ]cZq-jW-

ßƒ°v adp]Snsbßns\bmhWsa∂v

H∂ntesd ]mhiyw A\p`hn®dnbm≥

Hcmƒ°v Ign™psIm≈W-sa∂pan√-

t√m. aX]finX¿ apX¬ kmlnXyIm-

c-∑m-¿ hsc hnhmlØnepw hy‡nPohn-

X-Ønepw \SØnb ]e "ssIInbIfpw'

A-ßmSn∏m´mWv. \qdv IfhpIfpw tN¿-

Øv ImtXmSpImtXmcw ssIamdp∂ CØ-

cw shfn]mSpIƒ°v enJnXcq]w sImSp-

°p-∂Xv F¥v BhnjvImckzm-X¥y-Øn-

s‚ B\pIqeyØnembmepw \oXoI-cn-

°m-hX√.

aplvkn≥ ssaX

UqWns‚ Ckvemamt«jw

\¬Ip∂ ]mTw

Ckvemans\ hfsctbsd tamiamb

`mjbn¬ ’n®v temIhym]Iambn hna-

¿i\ßtf‰phmßnb U®v kn\nabpsS

\n-¿amXm°fn¬ Hcmfpw tlmf≠nse

][m\ cmjvSob I£nbmb ôUw ]m-

¿ńbpsS t\Xmhpamb A¿tWmƒUv hm-

≥ UqWns‚ CkvemaXmt«jw Gsd D-

ƒ-]pfItØmsSbmWv ihn®Xv.

Xs‚ kn\nas°Xnsc h∂ i-‡-

am-b ]Xntj[w, B aXØns‚ A¥-

k-Øsb Ipdn®v IqSpX¬ ]Tn°m≥ t]-

c-Iamsb∂pw AXneqsS aplΩZv \_n-

bpsS Z¿i\w hy‡ambn t_m[y-s∏-

s´-∂pw Uq¨ ]dbptºmƒ, sX‰p[-cn-

°p-∂h¿°v ]cnip≤ aXØns‚ k-tµ-

i-ßsfØn®p sImSp°p∂Xn¬ \mw

IrXyhntem]w \SØnbmep≠mhp∂

]XymLmXßƒ Hm¿Øpt]mhpIbmWv.

Ckvemw Bt«jWØn\v tijw a-

Zo-\ ]≈nbnseØpIbpw Camw ip-ssd-

ap-ambn IqSn°mgv® \SØpIbpw A¬

Pkod Nm\en\v A`napJw \¬IpIbpw

sN-bvX At±lw, aXmt«jWØn\v

tijw Inńb ]XnIcWßsf Ipdn®pw

kw-kmcn®p. ]m¿ń t\Xm°fpw ]cn-N-

b-°mcpw cmPytZmlnsb∂pw FSp-Ø-Nm-

´°mcs\∂pw ]cnlkn°ptºmgpw Xm-

≥ Gsd Imeambn \SØnb ]T\-ß-fp-

sS-bpw a\\ßfpsSbpw eambn kjv-

Smhv \¬Inb kΩm\amWv Ckvemsa∂

hnizmkØn¬ Dd®p \n¬°p∂p.

icnbmb cq]Øn¬ Ckvemans\ ]-

t_m-[\w sNbvXm¬, ]Izamb cq]-Øn-

¬ hna¿i\ßtfmSv ]XnIcn®m¬ B-

fp-Iƒ CXns\ ASpØdnbpsa∂pw s\-

t©-‰psa∂pamWv UqWns‚ Ckvemw B-

t«jw ]t_m[I¿°v \¬Ip∂ ]mTw.

E-Pphmb am¿KØn¬, Ignhns‚ ]cam-

h-[n ]cnip≤ ]t_m[\w sNøm≥ i-

an-°pI; AXn\p \mY≥ XpW°s´ F-

∂ ]m¿Y\tbmsS.

˛\nPn¬ K^mkv ]n.hn

(7mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)

2013 tabv 48

IqSn-°mgvN

sXßn≥ I≈v F∂ hm°v el-cn-bp-≠m-°p∂ I≈n-

s\-Ip-dn-°m≥ amX-a-√, sXßn¬\n∂v t\cn v e`n-°p∂ H´pw

el-cn-bp-≠m-°mØ a[p-c-]m-\o-b-sØ-Ip-dn-°m\pw ]tbm-

Kn-°m-dp-≠v. Ad_v \mSp-I-fn¬ _nb¿ F∂ t]cn¬Xs∂

H´pw el-cn-bp-≠m-°mØ ]m\obw e`y-am-Wv. Jwdv F∂

A-d_n ]Zw ap¥n-cn-bn¬\n-∂p-≠m-°p∂ aZy-sØ-Ip-dn-°m-

\pw el-cn-bp-≠m-°mØ a[p-c-]m-\o-bsØ Ipdn-°m\pw ]-

tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. Jwdv (ho-™v) ap¥n-cn-bn¬\n∂v ]ngn-s™-

Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Ip-dn®v Izp¿-B-\n¬ (12:36) ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. ]ngn-

s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ AXv el-cn-]m-\o-b-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√-t√m.

kz¿K-Ønse ]m\o-b-ßƒ el-cn-bp-≠m-°m-Ø-Xm-bn-cn-°p-

sa∂v Izp¿-B-\nse 37:47, 56:19 F∂o kq‡-ß-fn¬ hy‡-

am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. kz¿K-Øn¬ Jwdns‚ (a-Zy-Øn-s‚) Acp-hn-

I-fp-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d™ 47:15 kq‡-Øn¬ AXv elcn

Zmh-I-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-™n- n√.

""Poht\msS `qanbn¬ Ccn°ptºmƒ aZyw Ign°mXncn°p∂ a\pjy¿ acn®v Acq]nIfmbn

sN√ptºmƒ BtLmjn°m≥ aZy∏pgIƒ HgpIp∂ A_vImcn tIm¨SmŒdpsS XeØnte°v

A√msb Xcw XmgvØp∂ samlΩZmWv, A\pbmbnIƒ°v BZcWob\mb hy‡n. ChnsSbpw

sam-lΩZns‚ Akw_‘w A√mbpsS Xebnembn. Cu hm°pIƒ samlΩZv aZy-e-l-cn-bn-em-bn-

cn-°mw FgpXnbXv.'' aebmfØnse Hcp ]apJ tªmKdpsS Ia‚mWnXv. IqSn°mgv®bneqsS DØcw

]-Xo£n°p∂p.

˛kPo¿ sI, FShÆ

2013 tabv 49

F√m ]oU-\-Øn\pw ImcWw A¬]-h-kvX-[m-c-W-am-

sW∂v kvt\l-kw-hm-Z-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂Xv

hcn-Isf hkvXm-t£-]w sNbvX-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw.

ssewKnI ]oU-\-Øn\v _lp-hn[ Imc-W-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw. A-

sX-√mw ChnsS hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xn-√. am\y-ambn hkvXw

[-c-n-°p∂ kvXoIƒ hfsc Ipd-®p- am-Xsa ssewKnI Itø-

‰-Øn\v Cc-bm-Ip-∂p-≈q-sh∂v am[ya dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Ah-

tem-I\w sNbvXm¬ hy‡-am-Ipw. BZn-hmkn kvXoIƒ

ssew-KnI Nqj-W-Øn\v [mcm-f-ambn Cc-bm-Ip-∂-Xmbn

dnt∏m¿ v sNø-s∏- n- p-≠v. ]pI-bn-e-bp-sSbpw aZy-Øn-s‚bpw

a-b-°p-a-cp-∂n-s‚bpw ]tem- -\-Øn¬ Ah¿ thKw hogp-∂-

Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw _em¬°mcw Hs´ms° Hgn-hm-Ip-∂-

Xv. hoSp-I-fn¬ \S-°p∂ ]oU-\-ßƒ°v ][m-\-Im-cWw c‡-

_-‘-p°-f-√mØ kvXo ˛]p-cp-j≥am¿°v hfsc ASpØv

CS-]-g-Im≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. s]mXp-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw

s]mXp-hm-l-\-ß-fn-ep-sams° ]oU-\-ßƒ \S-°p-∂p-≠v. Aw-

K-em-hWy ]I-S\w Fhn-sSbpw AXn-s\mcp t]c-I-am-Imw.

temIØv \S°p∂ kvXo]oU\Øn\p≈ apgph≥ ImcWw icoc`mKßƒ ]pdØv ImWp∂ h-kv-

X[mcWcoXnbmsW∂mWv kvt\lkwhmZw amknI hmbn®m¬ tXm∂pI. Aßs\¶n¬ A-¬]

hkvX[mcnWnIfmb BZnhmkn kvXoIft√ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ ]oU\a\p`hnt°≠Xv? am-Xa√,

C¥ybnse ]oUnXcn¬ qcn]£hpw s]mXpÿeØv sh®√, hońtem tPm-en-ÿ-e-ßfntem BWv

]oUn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. ChnsS hkvXØns‚ ]k‡nsb¥v? ]iv\ßfpsS ImcWßƒ NnI-bp-

∂nSØv A\mhiyhniZoIcWßƒ \¬Ip∂Xv bYm¿Y ]iv\ßsf XakvIcn°mt\ CS hcpØq.

˛a\oj sNdphØq¿

Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcn-°epw apl-ΩZv \_n Bcn¬\n∂pw

kz¥w Bh-iy-Øn\v Zm\w kzoI-cn-®n- n-√. kIm-Øv, kZJ

(\n¿_-‘hpw sF—n-I-hp-amb Zm\-ßƒ) F∂o hIp-∏p-I-

fn¬ s]´ bmsXm∂pw Xmt\m Xs‚ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßtfm A\p-

-hn-°m≥ ]mSn√ F∂ \ne-]m-Sn¬ At±lw BPo-h-\m¥w

Dd-®p-\n¬°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. \_nbpsS ]uX≥ Zm\-

kz-Øn¬s]´ Hcp CuØ-∏gw FSpØv hmbn-en-´-t∏mƒ

At±lw AXv Xp∏n-°-f-bm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v ""\mw

Zm\w `pPn-°m≥ ]mSns√ ∂v \n\-°-dn-™p-IqsS?'' F∂v

tNm-Zn-®p-sh∂v _pJm-cnbpw apkvenapw dnt∏m¿ v sNbvXn- p-

≠v. ""CXn-s‚- t]-cn¬ \nß-tfmSv Rm≥ bmsXmcp ]Xn-^-

ehpw tNmZn-°p-∂n-s√∂v \o ]d-bWw'' F∂v A√mlp \-

_ntbmSv I¬]n-®-Xmbn hnip≤ Izp¿-B-\nse 25:57 kq‡-

Øn¬ ImWmw. CXn\v hncp-≤-ambn \_n P\-ß-fn¬\n∂v

Zm\w kzoI-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ iXp-°ƒ°v At±-lsØ X≈n-

∏-d-bm≥ AsXmcp aXn-bmb \ymb-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnip≤

Izp¿-B-\nse 58:12 kq‡-Øn¬ A√mlp I¬∏n-®n- p-≈Xv,

dkq-ens‚ s]mXp-k-Z- n¬sh®v At±-l-tØmSv kwkm-

cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Xr]vXn-s∏-SmsX cl-ky-kw- m-jWw \S-

Ø-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-ap-≈-h¿ AXn\v apºmbn ]mh-s∏-´-

h¿°v h√ Zm\hpw \¬I-W-sa-∂mWv. A∂v hnizm-kn-I-

fn¬ A[n-I-t]cpw Zcn-Z-cm-bn-cp-∂p. ]hm-N-I-t\mSv cl-ky-

kw-`m-jWw \S-Øm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂Xv Hcp _lp-a-

Xn-bmbn ]e ]ap-Jcpw IW-°m-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ A-

h-sc ]co-£n-°m\pw Ah-cpsS FÆw \nb-¥n-°m\pw th-

≠n--bmWv Ah¿ AXn\v apºv ]mh-s∏- -h¿°v h√ Zm\hpw

\¬I-W-sa∂v A√mlp I¬∏n-®-Xv. CXv Hcp \n¿_‘

_m[y-X-bmbn \n›-bn-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂v 58:12, 13 kq‡-ß-

fn¬\n∂pXs∂ Kln-°m-hp-∂XmWv.

A√mlphns‚ ]hmNI\pambn clkykw`mjWw \SØpIbmsW¶n¬ \nßƒ

A-t±lØn\v ssIaS°v sImSp°Wsa∂mWv Izp¿B≥ 58:12s‚ Xm¬]cyw. hdp-

XnbpsS a°m\mfpIƒ°v tijw aZo\bnseØnb \_n kpJtemep]\msb∂pw

AXn\v ssZhsØ Iq´p]nSn®v kz¥w Xm¬]cyßƒ kwc£n°p∂ hN\ßƒ

Cd°nsb∂pamWv CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nemhp∂Xv. adns®mc`n]mbw \nßƒ°v

Is≠Øm≥ Ignbptam?

˛ioPnØv Xncp\mhmb

2013 tabv 50

A-_q-A-ao≥-

k∑m¿Kw hn‰v Zp¿am¿Kw hmßp-∂-h¿

temI-c-£n-Xm-hmb A√m-lp-hns‚

am¿K\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°m-

\p-≈ A\p-Klw al-Ømb ku`m-Ky-

am--Wv. kXy-Øns‚ ]£Øv Dd®v \n-¬-

°m-\pw ssZhnI am¿KZ¿i\w e`n-°m-

\pw BK-ln-°p-Ibpw ]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w k∑m¿K-Øn¬ \n∂v

Zp-¿am¿K-Øn-te°v hgpXn t]mIm-Xn-cn-

°m-≥ PmKX ]ment°≠-Xpap≠v. \-

_n- hgn-tI-Sn¬ \n∂v c£tXSp-Ibpw

k-∑m¿K-Øn-\mbn ]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw ]-

Wn--sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p.

kXyw Adn™p F∂-XvsIm≠v am-

Xw GsXm-cmƒ°pw kzoI-cn®p sIm-≈-

W-sa-∂n-√. tZtl-—Ifpw uXnIkpJ-

ßfpw Hcm-fpsS a\- n¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-

°p-tºm-ƒ kXy-Øn\v t\sc Hcp-Xcw

A-‘-X-bm-bn-cn°pw Abmƒ°p-≠m-hp-I.

A-Ø-c-°m-cpsS IÆpw ImXpw lrZ-b-

hpw k∑m¿Kw kzoI-cn-°m≥ klm-bn-

°m-Ø hn[w D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-am-bnt]mIp-

∂-XmWv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""F∂m¬

Xs‚ ssZhsØ X∂n-jvS-am-°n-b-hs\

\o I≠pthm? Adn™v sIm≠v Xs∂

A-√mlp Ahs\ ]ng-hn-em-°p-Ibpw, A-

hs‚ ImXn\pw lrZ-b-Øn\pw apZ-sh-

°p-Ibpw, Ahs‚ IÆn\v ta¬ Hcp aqSn

D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.''(45:23)

]hm-N-Is‚ ]nXr ktlmZc-\mb A-

_q--Xzmen_n\pw tdmam NI-h¿Øn ln-

¿-°-en\pw kXyw t_m[y-s∏- n- pw AXv

kzo-I-cn®v t\cns‚ ]£Øv \nebp-d-

∏n-°m≥ km[n-°msX t]mbXv Xßƒ°v

Inń-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ P\-]n-¥pWbpw

ÿm\- -am-\-ßfpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-sa∂ Nn¥-

bmbncp-∂p-sh∂v NcnXw \sΩ Hm¿-

as∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kz`m-

h-am-bn- mWv CØcw uXnI ]a-ØZ hn-

ip-≤ Izp¿-B≥ (14:2,3) ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂Xv.

kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-Is´ uXn-Item-

I--Øns‚ hne-bpw ]mc-XnI temI-Øn-

s‚ al-Xzhpw Xncn-®-dn-™-h-cm-bn-cn-

°pw. \_n ]d-bp-∂p. ""Cu ùXn-I-

tem-Iw A√m-lp-hns‚ ]°¬ Hcp sIm-

Xp--Ins‚ Nnd-In-t\m-f-sa-¶nepw ÿm\-ap-

≈-Xm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Ahn-izm-kn-bmb

Hcmƒ°v ChnsS \n∂v Hcn-d°v sh≈w

t]mepw IpSn-°m≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-

√.''(Xn¿ap-Zn,- C-_v\p-amP)

ùXn-I-X-bpsS ]f-]-f-∏n¬ h©n-X-

cmbnt]mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \mw \nc-¥cw ]m-

¿-Yn-°-≠-Xp≠v. A]-Imcw Xs∂ k-

∑m-¿Kw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v a\p-

jy-s\ XS-bp∂ Hcp Zpxkz`m-h-amWv A-

l--¥bpw Al-¶m-chpw. Al-¶m-cn-I-fpsS

hmk-ÿ-e-amWv \c-I-sa∂v Izp¿-B≥

]e-bn-SØpw Bh¿Øn®v ]d-™n- p≠v.

Al-¥sb hni-Zo-I-cn®v sIm≠v \_n]-Tn-∏n-®Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv. ""Al-¶m-c-sa-

∂m-¬ kXysØ Ah-a-Xn-°epw a‰p-≈-

hsc ]pOn-°-ep-am-Wv.''(apkvenw)

A‘-amb A\p-I-c-W-ßƒ°-∏p-d-

Ø-v kXyt\zjWXrjvW-tbm-sS-bp≈

]-T-\-Øns‚ A`mhw sIm≠pw k∑m-¿-

K-w \jvS-s∏´v t]mtb°mw \c-I-hm-kn-

I--fpsS hnem-]-am-bn Izp¿-B≥ Hm¿an-

∏n-°p-∂Xv ImWp-I. Rßƒ tIƒ°p-

Itbm Nn¥n-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-s∂-¶n-

¬ Rßƒ Pzen-°p∂ \c-Im-·n-bpsS

A-h-Im-in-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn-em-Ip-am-bn-cp-

∂n√ F∂pw Ah¿ ]dbpw.''(67:10)

A‘-amb \c-I-Øn-ep-sS hgn-sX-‰n-

°--s∏´ Hcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ sImSpw tJ-Z-

hpw hnem-]hpw hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Hm¿a-

s∏-Sp-Øp∂p≠v (2:166,167).

]hm-N-I≥ ]Tn-∏n® k∑m¿K ktµ-

i-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ ]eXpw ]-

d™ "\ymbw' Izp¿B≥ \ap°v ]d™v

Xcp-∂Xv ImWpI. ""A√mlp Ah-X-cn-

∏n-®Xv \nßƒ ]n≥]‰n Pohn-°pI F∂v

Ah-tcmSv Bsc-¶nepw ]d-™m¬, A√,

Rß-fpsS ]nXm-°ƒ kzoI-cn-®-Xmbn I-

≠-tX Rßƒ ]n≥]-‰p-I-bp≈p F∂m-

bn-cn°pw Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv. Ah-cpsS

]nXm-°ƒ bmsXm-∂p-w Nn¥n®v a\- n-

em-°m-Ø-hcpw t\¿hgn Is≠-Øm-Ø-

h-cp-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ t]mepw Ahsc

]n≥]-‰p-I-bmtWm?''(2:170)

]nim-Nns‚ ]e-Xcw sIWn-Ifpw k-

∑m-¿K-Øn¬ \n∂v sX‰n®p If-bm≥X°-

hn-[-Øn¬ Ah≥ Hcp-°n-bn- p-s≠∂pw

A-hsb Ipdn®v PmKX ]men®v ]S-®-h-

t\mSv ]m¿Yn®v apt∂-dm≥ ian-°p-I-bm-

Wv hnizm-kn-Iƒ th≠-sX∂pw Izp¿-B-

≥ sXcy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≠v.

""Xo¿®-bmbpw ]nimNv \nß-fpsS i-

Xp-hm-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Ahs\ \n-ß-

ƒ iXp-hm-bn-Øs∂ KWn-°p-I. Ah≥

Xs‚ ]£-°msc £Wn-°p-∂Xv Ah¿

\c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fpsS Iq -Øn-em-bn-cp-°p-

hm-≥ th≠n amX-am-Wv.''(35:6)

kXy-]m-X-bn¬ ASn-bp-d®v apt∂-dm≥

k-¿h-i-‡-\mb A√mlp \sΩ A\p-

K-ln°s´! Bao≥

A√mlp Ah-X-cn-∏n®, thZ-K-Ÿ-Øn-ep≈ Imcy-ßƒ ad®psh°p-Ibpw, AXn∂p hne-bmbn Xp—-amb

t\ -ßƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cmtcm Ah¿ Xß-fpsS hb-dp-I-fn¬ Xn∂p \nd-°p-∂Xv \c-Im-·n-b-

√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√. Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]ns‚ \mfn¬ A√mlp Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-°pItbm (]m]-ß-fn¬

\n∂v)Ahsc kwip≤cm-°p-Itbm sNøp-I-bn-√. Ah¿°v thZ-\-tb-dnb in£-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

k∑m¿K-Øn\v ]Icw Zp¿am¿Khpw ]m]-tam-N-\-Øn\v ]Icw in£bpw hmßn-b-hcm-Ip∂p Ah¿. \cIin£

A\p -hn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿s°-s¥mcp £a-bmWv! (2:174,175)

Sneha samvadam may2013

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