Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and ......Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and standards Vehbi C. Gungor, Dilan Sahin, Taskin Kocak, Salih Ergut,

Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and standards

Vehbi C. Gungor, Dilan Sahin, Taskin Kocak, Salih Ergut, Concettina Buccella, Carlo Cecati and

Gerhard P.Hancke

Outline

Review on smart grid Technologies, advantages and disadvantages Security, system reliability, robustness, availability, scalability, QoS

Standardiza<on ac<vi<es Conclusion

Mo<va<on towards Smart Grids

• Aging electrical infrastructure

• Demand and consump<on

• Very complex power distribu<on network


• Lack of automated analysis

• Poor visibility • Slow response <me by mechanical switches

• Lack of situa<onal awareness


• Popula<on & demand • Global climate change

• Energy storage problem

• One-‐way communica<on

• Decrease in fossilfuel • Resilience problem


What is Smart Grid

Modern electric power grid : Effecincy, reliability and safety Smooth integra<on of RES by

automa<on and Comm. Tech

Reduc<on in fuel consump<on & green house gases emission

Effec<ve integra<on in DG for demand side

Energy storage for DG load balancing

Key factors

Reliable and real-‐<me informa<on gives reliable delivery

Online monitoring, diagnos<cs and protec<on

Investments

US invest $3.4 billion Local distributed companies (Advanced metering + two-‐way comm. + automa<on)

AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)

Advanced sensors Smart meters Monitoring Systems Computer Hardware SoYware & data management system

Collec<on & distribu<on between meters & u<li<es

Communica<on

Huge amount of data Further analysis, control, real-‐<me pricing Electric u<li<es : par<cipate of customers in smart grid for more efficiency and services

Communica<on

Wired : Without interference problem

Without ba]eries problem

Wireless : Low-‐cost infrastructure Ease of comm. In unreachable area.

A]enua<on by distance

Type of informa<on flow

Sensors and electrical appliances To smart meters (Power Line/wireless)

Smart meters To u<lity’s data center ( Cellular technology/ Internet)

Key limi<ng factors: Time of deployment, Opera<onal costs, availability of technology, urbun/rural environment, etc.

Available Communica<on Technologies

ZigBee Wireless Mesh

Cellular Network Communica<on

Powerline communica<on

Digital Subscriber Lines

ZigBee

16 Ch. In 2.4 GHz band, each with 5MHz

Max output Power : 1 mW

Data Rate : 250 Kb/s Modula<on : OQPSK

Low in power usage, data rate, complexity, cost of deployment.

ZigBee

Simplicity, mobility, easy network implementa<on

Low processing capability, licence free frequency range, small memort size

Solu<on : Interference detec<on/ avoidance scheme, energy efficient rou<ng control

SEP (Smart Energy Profile)provides u<lity for sending informa<on real-‐<me, load control, real-‐<me pricing

Wireless Mesh

In the case of drop down, network enables signal to find another rout via ac<ve nodes.

Wireless Mesh

Cost effec<ve (self-‐ healing, dynamic self-‐configura<on) High scalability service (coverage, load balancing network)

Urban coverage by mul<-‐hopping and repea<ng Challenges such as fading or interference Reduc<on available bandwidth by loop problems Encryp<on must consider, metering informa<on through many nodes

Coverage challenges, sufficient amount of nodes in cri<cal problems


Types : GSM by Tmobile CDMA for residen<al u<li<es by Verizon UTMS, IP based and packet oriented by Telenor WiMAX-‐based smart meters by General Electric


Already exist infrastructure Wide-‐spread and cost effec<ve

Provide sufficient bandwidth

Secure data trasmi<on, almost 100% coverage

Need con<nuos availability Not provide garantee service in abnormal situa<ons

Powerline Communica<on

First choice because of direct connec<on with meters, succesful implementa<on in urban

As data comminuca<on between smart meters and concentrator.

GPRS send data from concentrator to u<lity’s center

Powerline Communica<on

Exis<ng infrastructure Well-‐suited to urban area

Already covering of u<lity companies

Complexity in channel modeling due to noisy environment

Number of connected devices, wiring distance

Based on broadcas<ng in nature , security is cri<cal

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Wide spread availability Low-‐Cost in high density area

High bandwidth data For cri<cal applica<on down-‐<me may can not be acceptable

Distance dependence Because of high cost of installa<on in rural area.

Available Communica<on Technologies

DSL, PLC, Op<cal fiber are costly for wide area deployments, but increase reliablity, capacity and security.

Wireless technologies can reduce installa<on costs, but provide constrained bandwidth and security.

Smart Grid Requirments

Security informa<on storage and transporta<on are extremely vital. To avoid cybera]acks.

Reliability, robustness and availability mo<va<on : Aging infrastractures, increase energy consump<on

Larg-‐scale : wireless, small-‐scale : wired

Solu<on : Hybrid Communica<on technologies


Scalability To facilatate the opera<on of the power grid Self-‐ configura<on, reliable protocols, security aspects.

QoS mechanism must be provided to safety the communica<on requirments between supliers and customers.

Determining QoS : Dynamic of the load -‐> detailed power price Power price -‐> reward system for home appliance. reward -‐> impact of delay and outage QoS reqirment is derived by op<mizing the reward.


Standards Overal smart grid system is lacking widely accepted standards.

To avoid the integra<on of advanced applica<ons.


Conclusion

An evolu<on of electric power systems increase diffusion of distributed genera<on by renewable sources

Enhance efficiency, reliablity and safety of exis<ng power grid

Future work discussion of grid characteris<c Pilot projects Applica<ons Architecture

Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and ......Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and standards Vehbi C. Gungor, Dilan Sahin, Taskin Kocak, Salih Ergut,

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