S.M.A.R.T. AQUARIUM B.E. SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT REPORT Electronics Specialization Prepared by Salman Khaliq Bajwa (3746) M Waqas Aslam (3781) Murtaza Malik (4721) Project Advisor Asstt. Professor, Chairman SDP Committee, Abdul Aleem College of Engineering
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S.M.A.R.T. AQUARIUM
B.E. SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT REPORT
Electronics Specialization
Prepared by
Salman Khaliq Bajwa (3746)M Waqas Aslam (3781)Murtaza Malik (4721)
Project AdvisorAsstt. Professor, Chairman SDP Committee, Abdul Aleem
College of Engineering
PAF-Karachi Institute of Economics & Technology
Karachi
DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to
Our Parents,
Whose love, affection and support helped s in bringing our work to this level of
accomplishments; we are also thankful to them for educating us for unconditional support and
encouragement to pursue our interests, even when the interest went beyond the boundaries of
field and scope. Without their support and kindness this work would not have been possible.
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ACKNOWLEDEMENT
Praise to Allah the most beneficent and the most merciful.
We are grateful to our project advisor Mr. Abdul Aleem, Chairman SDP Committee, for
enlightening us with his precious knowledge and vast experience to benefit us in the future. We
are also thankful to the Assistant Professor Mr. Rehan Adil for his continuous over viewing on
our progress and imparting useful suggestions. We also like to thank our teachers and lab
assistants for their assistance and support.
We would also thank with all gratitude and depth of our hearts to our parents who helped us not
only financially but with integrity too and support us in all our hardships. Finally our sincere
thanks to our institute PAF-KIET, College of Engineering, for providing us the opportunity to
gave us the strength to undertake this project.
Special thanks to all our fellows and friends who lend us a hand throughout the final year
project’s phase.
We pray this effort may prove to be the beginning of new era, a era in which Science and
Technology may make great progress in Pakistan and Pakistan may become a part of the
developed nations.
Thank you.
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ABSTRACT
Fish keeping is a popular fad; almost people from all the age groups like to keep fish in their home, offices etc for decoration purpose or as a hobby. Fish keeping is itself an industry which comes in agriculture.
Fish keeping is not an easy job; we always need an aquarium or a pond for that. The hobby of fish keeping is broadly divided into three; freshwater, brackish, marine. Among all these three, freshwater is considered to be the most popular hobby of keeping fish because it is easy to handle with freshwater fish and aquariums.
It has always been a headache to take care of the fish and aquariums. We have to change the water after sometime; we have to feed the fish on time, we have to maintain the temperature and turbidity level of the water and always have to keep an eye on fish and aquarium. All these steps are done manually.
The project, SMART aquarium has been designed by keeping in mind, the problem of those who cannot take care of their aquarium every day. It does the feeding itself every day, keeps the temperature of the aquarium under control, and also keeps the turbidity level under control. The GSM Mobile attached to it sends the report or we can say the current situation of the aquarium like temperature level, turbidity level, feeding etc via SMS on your cell phone.
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Table of ContentsList of Figures..................................................................................................................................8
List of Tables...................................................................................................................................9
List of TablesTable-1 Thickness Table................................................................................................................19
Table-2 Water Pumps....................................................................................................................22
The objective of this project is to design and construct an automatic aquarium for those who
cannot take care and keep an eye on their fish and aquarium daily and minimize the manual
factor as much as possible. The aquarium will perform all the steps automatically like
temperature control, turbidity level under control, feeding etc and would send all the information
on cell phone via GSM Mobile.
1.2-Motivation:
We all know, today is the world of new scientific inventions. Every day there are some new
inventions in almost every field, in the world. World is becoming very fast and automatic
because of these inventions day by day. So we have decided very cheap alternative to make the
process of maintaining the fish aquarium fully automatic.
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1.3-Aim:
The aim of our project is to replace manual maintenance of fish aquarium with an automated
system.
1.3.1-Objective:The objective of our project is to perform following tasks automatically, when really required.
Remove wastes & keep water clean
Send the report of change in pH level to the owner’s cell phone
Feed on a regular basis
Stabilize temperature
1.4-Problem Discussion:
Usually aquarium care takers face several problems in maintenance the vitality and health of
fishes along with the presentation of the aquarium. Some of the problems are mentioned as
under:
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1.4.1-Common Problems Faced by Aquarium Caretakers
Difficulty in changing the aquarium water
Difficulty in maintaining the pH of the water in an aquarium
Difficulty in feeding the fish
Difficulty in controlling the turbidity of the water in an aquarium
Difficulty in figuring out when the water is to be filtered
Difficulty in maintaining the temperature of the aquarium
1.5-Problem Solution:
The project has been chosen to minimize the problems of fish keepers or aquarists by shifting it
from manual to the automatic mode. Fish keepers or aquarists now would not have to watch out
and keep an eye on their aquarium and fish again and again. SMART aquarium would be there.
If any problem occurs, the aquarium would generate a report and send it on cell phone via GSM
Mobile. The advantages of this project are:
No need to watch out Temperature
No need to watch out Turbidity level
No need to change water manually
No need to feed manually
1.6-Methodology:
The development of SMART aquarium can be divided into following major phases:
Project design Analysis and, component level design and selection Assembly and hardware testing Simulation development and Verification Development for future implementation
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1.6.1-Project Design:
The Project design phase included mainly the determination of general layout and design of the
SMART aquarium. The first step in this phase was the identification of design goals. The
following things were required:
Dimensions of the aquarium
Thickness of the glass
Compatibility for freshwater, brackish and marine
1.6.2- Analysis and, component level design and selection:
Once a general design was decided, we decided to make specific choices regarding component
selection and design. The estimate of 4 feet was kept as the maximum length of the aquarium so
that it could bear the pressure of the water in it. The thickness of the walls of aquarium was
decided 600mm (estimated).
1.6.3-Assembly and hardware testing:
Once all components were selected and all major functional parts were designed, the major part
of assembly and hardware testing of the different modules was done. In order to test the circuit, it
was first simulated on Proteus in order to minimize the hardware and circuit failure risks. The
mechanical design was done on AutoCAD 2009. GSM Mobile, turbidity sensor, temperature
sensor, motors and different testing of other components was done and results were compared.
1.6.4- Simulation development and Verification:
Test results were simulated to achieve the desired goals and then they were verified to get the
desired outcome.
1.6.5- Development for future implementation:
When all the steps; design selection, components selection, components, modules and sensors
testing, simulation and verification was done, the work remained to be done was to make our
project for future implementation, which included more advanced components, sensors, modules
etc.
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1.7-Market adaptability:
The idea of making the aquarium automatic is not new. It is being used in the agriculture sector
as well as commercially but the aquariums available in the markets are semi automatic or
manual; they are not fully automatic as we have designed.
The SMART Aquarium is not so much expensive that’s why it can be used by an individual
aquarist, fish keeper, and can also be used for large scale.
Figure-1.0-Market Adaptability
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SMART Aquarium
Individual Aquarists
Commercial
CHAPTER 2:
INTRODUCTION
2.0-Introduction:
Pet ownership has been increasing at a steady pace in the last 20 years. After cats and dogs, the
most popular pet is now the freshwater fish. The maintenance of fish aquariums is a very
difficult task itself. Whenever you have to clean up your aquarium or you have to feed, you have
to do a lot of things. You have to turn off your aquarium's power head/air pump and feed
manually and turn on the air again after an hour.
2.1-Introduction:
The project with which we came up is an Automated Fish Aquarium. The project will be more
efficient than the systems available in market, now days. In addition to the efficiency it will be of
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lower cost as well. The project’s audience is the group of people interested to keep fishes at
home or offices but don’t have time to take care of, or they are worried to keep on asking their
neighbors to take care of the fishes in their absence.
The project is an automated system to take care of fishes. It will replace the manual maintenance
of fish aquarium with its automated functions. It will monitor the physical changes in the water
and will maintain it to the ideal conditions, with required changes.
2.1.2-Key Points:
To build a low cost aquarium for agriculture industry To make the work easier and automatic
2.2-Functionality:
Main principle of the project is to sense the changes via sensors. These changes will be then
processed by the Controller. The microcontroller installed in the circuit will be performing the
main task of controlling. Controller will send commands to the actuators where the output part
will be observed working to sustain the ideal conditions. There will be a temperature sensor,
turbidity sensor, PH level sensor, water level sensor, heater, feeder, an LCD and a GSM Mobile.
They all will be interfaced with the controller. If anything happens or changes, the controller will
start working to reach back to the ideal state. The normal temperature of fresh water aquarium is
considered to be 28-30 degree Celsius. If temperature exceeds, the controller would start the fan
till the desired temperature is not achieved. If the temperature goes down, the heater will be on
until the temperature does not reach to the normal temperature. After every 24 hours the
controller would turn on the feeder for feeding purpose. If the turbidity level has increased
beyond the normal then controller will change the water. Half of the water will be flushed
through solenoid valves so that the temperature would not change rapidly which could harm the
fish. The ongoing process and situation like temperature, feeding, changing water etc will be
shown on the LCD. The owner could also get the report regarding the situation of aquarium on
his/her cell phone by just asking the GSM Mobile or after every 24 hours the GSM Mobile
would generate the report and send it on the mobile phone.
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CHAPTER 3:
DESIGN OBJECTIVES, ISSUES AND THEIR ANALYSIS
3.1-Design Objectives:
Our objective of the project is to build an automatic aquarium for those who cannot keep an eye
on their aquarium regularly. It will be fully automatic so there will be no need to see aquarium
again and again.
The short term goal of our project is to make a low cost but automatic aquarium so that it could
be in the reach of every one. The long term goal is to extend it to the version where it can be
fully automated Our main objective was to limited to our short term goals and to achieve those,
lot of research was done and finally we were able to produce the desired output.
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3.1.1-Design Objectives and Issues:
The main issue was to decide the dimensions and design of the mechanical structure of the
aquarium. Our objective was to design a light weighted and low cost aquarium. The circuit and
the sensors that we had to select should not be so heavy and that they could not create any
trouble for the fish in the aquarium or fish could not damage them.
3.1.1.2-Dimensions:
When you are to structure your own fish tank, you need to know about the following
information. .
Aquarium Volume
Glass Thickness: A glass thickness that will hold under the pressure of your fish tank.
Glass Area: The sum of areas of the six sides of your aquarium.
Glass Weight: The weight of your fish tank when empty
Glass+Water Weight: The weight of your fish tank when filled with water.
You will also get your glass surfaces dimensions. Notice the sides surfaces are reduced
by the glass thickness.
Figure-2 Dimension
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3.1.1.3-Safety Factor:
The variability of the strength of glass due to limitations of the manufacturing process means a
suitable safety factor must be used when calculating glass thickness. The factor commonly used
is 3.8. While not a perfect guarantee, it will remove all risk bar that of damaged or very poor
quality.
3.1.1.4-Glass Thickness & Pressure:
While determining the pressure that water exerts on a glass wall is pretty simple, determining the
glass thickness needed to resist this pressure is not quite so simple. The glass will be subjected to
bending stress as the pressure tries to force it outward. The actual amount of stress depends on
the unsupported area of glass. The glass wall or "window" is fixed and sealed at its edges, but
unsupported over its area. The larger the window is, the greater the bending stress that results. If
you think about it, this is actually fairly clear (must stop with those puns!). Let us say that the
water is deep enough to exert an average pressure a pressure of 50 pounds per square foot against
the window. The larger the window, the greater number of square feet of glass is holding back
the pressure. If we have one window that is (let us say) 10 square feet in area, then there will be a
total force of 500 pounds forcing the glass outward. But suppose we want to use a window that is
100 square feet in area. In that case, there will be a total force on the glass of 5000 pounds.
Obviously the larger window will need to be thicker to resist the greater force.
Figure-3 glass
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Here's a few ways to figure out how thick of glass you need if you building your own tanks.
1. In the table below, the top row indicates the length of the tank; the left vertical column
indicates the depth (height) of the tank. To determine the glass thickness to use for constructing
your tank, find the length of the tank in the top row (indicated in feet and cm - centimeters), then
follow that column down until you reach the height of the tank (indicated in inches and cm).
Glass thickness is indicated in mm (millimeters), with the number in parenthesis below
indicating the Safety Factor. There is an inches to millimeters calculator below the Glass
Thickness calculator.
Table-1 Thickness Table
3.2-Limitations of the existing system:
The project was tried to make fully automatic but not. Everything cannot be made fully
automatic. Something is always left that works on manual mode like filling up the feeder, setting
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up the temperature etc. Whenever the temperature goes up (greater than 30 degree) there is
nothing to bring the temperature at normal. We tried to use a fan but it was not enough for that.
You always have to keep unplug the charger after charging cause the mobile charger cuts off the
power after charging the mobile in order to get the reports from the mobile on your cell phone. If
mobile turns off you would not get the report.
CHAPTER 4:
REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS
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4.0-Requirement Specifications:
The things that were required has been discussed in this chapter and are given below:
4.1-Literature Review:
4.1.1-Related Work:
From simple battery operated, to state-of-the-art electronic devices, automatic aquarium fish
feeders come in an array of styles. While some are moisture controlled units designed to prevent
flake, pellet and other dried foods from clumping, others not only have the capability of releasing
a variety of different fares, but at specific times and intervals. From small to large capacity
feeders with single to multi-purpose functions, here are some units your Guides consider to be
the best choices.
4.1.2-AquaChef Automatic Fish Feeder [1]:
Moisture-resistant, no-clump feeder dispenses flakes, pellets, or
crumbled fish food. You set the portion size and feeding times, up to
four per day, on the programmable timer. Feeder dispenses single or
double feeding (within 60 seconds of first feeding). Holds up to 35