Slide 125 Aug 2009 Linde Comments to CEC 29 September 2009.

Slide 1 25 Aug 2009

Linde Comments to CEC29 September 2009

Slide 2 25 Aug 2009

There are some advantages to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

BPEV.XLS; 'Compound' AS146 5/13 /2009

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Range (miles)

Vehicle Test Mass (kg)

PbA Battery EV

Li-Ion Battery EV

NiMH Battery EV

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

Batteries weigh more

BPEV.XLS; 'Compound' AS113 5/13 /2009

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400Range (miles)

Energy Storage System Volume(liters)

PbA Battery

NiMH Battery Li-Ion Battery

Fuel Cell +Hydrogen Tanks

(35 MPa)

(70 Mpa)

Batteries take up more space

Grid Mix: US BPEV.XLS; 'Compound' AQ200 5/13 /2009

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Range (miles)

Greenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2 -equivalent grams/mile) PbA Battery EV

Li-Ion Battery

EV

NiMHBattery EV

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

Conventional Gasoline Vehicle

Batteries are poor at GHG reduction

Story Simultaneous.XLS; Tab 'AFV Cost'; E 33 3/15 /2009

Story Simultaneous.XLS; Tab 'AFV Cost'; N 51 3/15 /2009

$- $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000

BEV

PHEV-60

PHEV-30

FCEV

PHEV-10

HEV

Incremental Cost Compared to Advanced ICEV in 2030

Batteries cost more

Slide 3 25 Aug 2009

Infrastructure – Path Towards Commercialization

Advances in Infrastructure -- Linde perspective

• Release A refueling

• Ionic technology

• Product Portfolio

• Cost reduction

Slide 4 25 Aug 2009

Advances in Infrastructure Release A Refueling

280 Nm³/h, 2,400 Nm³/h in booster mode

Initial commissioning 05/2009

Station Opening 06/2009

OMVStuttgart, Germany

240 Nm³/h, 1,200 Nm³/h in booster mode

In operation since 05/2008

Number of refuelings: 6,000

GMDudenhofen, Germany

240 Nm³/h, 1,200 Nm³/h in booster mode

In operation since 10/2008

Number of refuelings: 350

TOTALBerlin, Germany

Slide 5 25 Aug 2009

Advances in Infrastructure - Ionic Technology for the material handling market (250 and 350 bar )

Works like conventional piston

compressor

Solid piston is replaced by ionic liquid

Advantages:

-Nearly 100% volumetric efficiency

-Nearly isothermal compression

-Contamination free gas

compression

-Abrasion free

-Excellent conversion of electrical

energy into compression work

-Perfectly gas tight system

The compressor provides:

(i) low energy consumption and

(ii) high durability

H2 compression of up to 900 bar

250 or 350 bar

Continuous fast fueling with 20 kg/h,in booster mode up to 70 kg/h

Ionic Compressors – Basic facts Product example: Ionic Fueler 42 FLT

Slide 6 25 Aug 2009

Advances in Infrastructure - Reduction of captital equipment and operating costs

Example – Ionic Fueler

Ionic Conventional

Maintenance

OPEX

CAPEX

Ionic Compression

Conventional

32 %

48 %

20 %

45 %

9 %

18 %

-43 %

-7 %

-53 %

72%

100 %

lower investment costs better efficiency larger maintenance

intervals

lead to better economics of ionic compressor system

-28 %

Slide 7 25 Aug 2009

Advances in Infrastructure Cost Reduction

Cars per day – [#]

TC

O –

[U

SD

/ k

g,

%]

Focus – TCO of 700 bar technology

100

20

80

60

40

50 75 100

25

-90 %

5

Slide 8 25 Aug 2009

Critical Next StepsLarge Scale Infrastructure and Industrial Production?

Time

H2 vehicle fleet & H2 FS penetration

%

Demand(H2-vehicles)

0

Supply(H2-Fueling stations)

Slide 9 25 Aug 2009

Critical Next StepsThere‘s more than one way to minimize the “loss making steps“ …

Time

H2 vehicle fleet & H2 FS penetration

%

Supply(H2-Filling station)

Demand(H2-vehicle.)

0

Faster ramp-up of car park in catchment area

Modular station design:

• e.g., additional storage bundles

• e.g., upgrade to pre-cooling

12

• Relocate small station 1

• Build large station 2

Slide 10 25 Aug 2009

Commercialization will be reached through Government – Industry Partnership

Deployment of retail stations have some challenges…these can be overcome

Over the next several years, with additional station deployments equipment providers will continue to improve efficiency and reduce cost

Government support is critical to achieving profitable commercialization