VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROJECT REPORT ON “COAL FIRED STEAM POWER PLANT” NTPC SIPAT Duration of training:- 02/06/2014- 28/06/2014 Under the Guidance of:- Mr. Praveen Patel (Manager Training Deptt.) Submitted by:- JINENDRA NINAMA VI SEM. (Mechanical Engg.) M.A.N.I.T , BHOPAL
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VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROJECT REPORT
ON
“COAL FIRED STEAM POWER PLANT”
NTPC SIPAT
Duration of training:- 02/06/2014- 28/06/2014
Under the Guidance of:- Mr. Praveen Patel (Manager Training Deptt.)
Submitted by:- JINENDRA NINAMA
VI SEM. (Mechanical Engg.)
M.A.N.I.T , BHOPAL
DECLARATION BY STUDENT
I hereby declare that work submitted entitled “VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROJECT
REPORT”, submitted towards completion of third year of B.E (MECHENICAL) at
M.A.N.I.T, BHOPAL comprises of my original work under the supervision of guided
at NTPC SIPAT. The result embodied in this report have not been submitted to any
other institution or University for fulfillment of any other curriculum.
JINENDRA NINAMA
VI SEMESTER
MECHENICAL ENGG.
M.A.N.I.T , BHOPAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I AM TRULY THANKFUL TO ALL THE FACULTIES/GUIDES WHO IMPARTED THE
LECTURES O0N VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TOOK ME TO THE PLANT ON GUIDED
SYUDY VISIT ALONG DETAILED EXPLANATION ABOUT PLANT AND MACHINARY
DATE:-
NAME:- JINENDRA NINAMA
COLLAGE:- M.A.N.I.T, BHOPAL
BRANCH:- MECHANICAL
YEAR/SEM:- III YEAR/VI SEM
Sipat Thermal Power Plant
The newly setup NTPC's 2980 MW Super Thermal Power Plant at Sipat, which was
dedicated to the nation by Prime Minster Dr Manmohan Singh on Thursday, was
rechristened as Rajiv Gandhi Super Thermal Power Station (RGSTPS). The Prime Minister
also remotely laid the foundation stone of the Stage-I Lara Super Thermal Power Project, at
Lara village, Raigarh District.
Set up at a cost of Rs 13000 crores, RGSTPS is the second plant of the NTPC that has been
named after former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
It is located at Sipat in Bilaspur district in state of Chhattisgarh. The power plant is one of
the coal based power plants of NTPC.[2]
The coal for the power plant is sourced from Dipika Mines
of South Eastern Coalfields Limited.
The project has an installed capacity of 2980 MW consisting of two stages, stage one which got
commissioned late was of 3 units of 660 MW each invojving super-critical boilers technology and
stage two consisted of 2 units of 500 MW each.PM Manmohan Singh inaugurated the Sipat Thermal
Power Plant on September 20,2013.
Stage Unit Number Installed Capacity (MW) Date of Comisioning Status
an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. A generator
forces electric current to flow through an external circuit. The source of mechanical energy may be a
reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, aninternal
combustion engine, a wind turbine,[1]
a hand crank, compressed air, or any other source of
mechanical energy. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids.
The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by an electric motor, and
motors and generators have many similarities. Many motors can be mechanically driven to generate
electricity and frequently make acceptable generators.
4.Steam turbine
A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to
do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles
Parsons in 1884.[1]
Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical
generator – about 90% of all electricity generation in the United States (1996) is by use of steam
turbines.[2]
The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement
in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which
results in a closer approach to the ideal reversible expansion process
.
Steam condenser- The condenser condenses the steam from the exhaust of the turbine into liquid to allow it to be
pumped. If the condenser can be made cooler, the pressure of the exhaust steam is reduced and
efficiency of the cycle increases. The surface condenser is a shell and tube heat exchanger in which
cooling water is circulated through the tubes. The exhaust steam from the low pressure turbine
enters the shell where it is cooled and converted to condensate (water) by flowing over the tubes as
shown in the adjacent diagram. Such condensers use steam ejectors or rotary motor-
driven exhausters for continuous removal of air and gases from the steam side to maintainvacuum.
5.Boiler feedwater pump A boiler feedwater pump is a specific type of pump used to pump feedwater into a steam boiler. The water may be freshly supplied or returning condensate produced as a result of the condensation of the steam produced by the boiler. These pumps are normally high pressure units that take suction from a condensate return system and can be of the centrifugal pump type or positive displacement type. Feedwater pumps range in size up to many horsepower and the electric motor is usually separated from the pump body by some form of mechanical coupling. Large industrialcondensate pumps may also serve as the feedwater pump. In either case, to force the water into the boiler, the pump must generate sufficient pressure to overcome the steam pressure developed by the boiler. This is usually accomplished through the use of a centrifugal pump. Another common form of feedwater pumps run constantly and are provided with a minimum flow device to stop overpressuring the pump on low flows.The minimum flow usually returns to the tank or deaerator.
8.Feedwater heater A feedwater heater is a power plant component used to pre-heat water delivered to
a steam generatingboiler. Preheating the feedwater reduces the irreversibilities involved in steam
generation and therefore improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system.[4]
This reduces plant
operating costs and also helps to avoid thermal shock to the boiler metal when the feedwater is
introduced back into the steam cycle.
In a steam power plant (usually modeled as a modified Rankine cycle), feedwater heaters allow the
feedwater to be brought up to the saturation temperature very gradually. This minimizes the
inevitable irreversibilities associated with heat transfer to the working fluid (water). See the article on
the Second Law of Thermodynamicsfor a further discussion of such irreversibilities.
9.Pulverizer A pulverizer or grinder is a mechanical device for the grinding of many different types of materials. For example, a pulverizer mill is used to pulverize coal for combustion in the steam-generating furnaces of fossil fuel power plants.
10.Boiler steam drum
A steam drum is a standard feature of a water-tube boiler. It is a reservoir of water/steam at the top
end of the water tubes. The drum stores the steam generated in the water tubes and acts as a
phase-separator for the steam/water mixture. The difference in densities between hot and cold water
helps in the accumulation of the "hotter"-water/and saturated-steam into the steam-drum. The
separated steam is drawn out from the top section of the drum and distributed for process. Further
heating of the saturated steam will make superheated steam normally used to drive a steam turbine.
Saturated steam is drawn off the top of the drum and re-enters the furnace in through a superheater.
The steam and water mixture enters the steam drum through riser tubes, drum internals consisting
of demister separate the water droplets from the steam producing dry steam. The saturated water at
the bottom of the steam drum flows down through the downcomer pipe, normally unheated, to
headers and water drum. Its accessories include a safety valve, water-level indicator and level
controller. Feed-water of boiler is also fed to the steam drum through a feed pipe extending inside
the drum, along the length of the steam drum.
A steam drum is used without or in the company of a mud-drum/feed water drum which is located at
a lower level. A boiler with both steam drum and mud/water drum is called a bi-drum boiler and a
boiler with only a steam drum is called a mono-drum boiler. The bi-drum boiler construction is
normally intended for low pressure-rating boiler while the mono-drum is mostly designed for higher
pressure-rating.[1]
On steam locomotives the steam drum is also called a steam dome
A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of oxygen and other dissolved gases from the feedwater to steam-generatingboilers. In particular, dissolved oxygen in boiler feedwaters will cause serious corrosion damage in steam systems by attaching to the walls of metal piping and other metallic equipment and forming oxides (rust). Dissolved carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acidthat causes further corrosion. Most deaerators are designed to remove oxygen down to levels of 7 ppb by weight (0.005 cm³/L) or less as well as essentially eliminating carbon dioxide