silang budaya nonverbal

8/7/2019 silang budaya nonverbal

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Nadhirah Muhamad Arib(P54389)

Siti Nur Hidayah bt Mohd. Mahayadin (P54139)


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` Definition ofcommunication

` Verbal and non verbal communication

` Definition ofnon verbal communication

`

Functions/concept` Types ofnon verbal

` Non verbal across culture


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` People are judge through their actions (ACTIONSSPEAK LOUDER THAN WORDS

` Sometimes we sending non verbal messages out of

conscious which brings out speculations and later on

give some impact on relationship.` Cordova, Gee& Warren (2005) found that, marriage

couple who could understand the emotional feeling of

theirpartner were more satisfy with their marriage

` Bee,Bee& Redmond (2008) the main ways to send non

verbal information are through feeling, attitude.


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` Communicationproses melakukan perbuatan atas sesuatu

maklumat

` Non- Verbal communication

Communication without words (Devito, 2009)

So it could be-hand and arm gestures,

eye contact and movement, facial expressions, the

position ofyour body, and your overall appearance.

Include: use time, clothing we wear,type ofarcthitecturalstructures we live, cosmetic change we make to our

apperance


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` Emblems-directly translate words orphrases

` Illustrators- accompany and literally illustrate

verbal message

` Regulators-monitor, maintain, or control thespeaking ofanother

` Adaptors- satisfy some need

` Affect displays- communicateemotional meaning


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` Word we use only one part in communication.

` Verbal language channel is just one ofmany channels

activated when communicate.

` All behaviours and gesture form important channels of

communication.

` Nonverbal behaviour can highlight or accent information,

accent ouremotional: how excited, upset.

` Reserch: most ofthe messages conveyed in interactions are

nonverbal

` Nonverbal appears to be larger when discrepant messages

are transmitted.

` Faced with ambigulous messages posed


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` Culture influence our verbal language,culture also

influence over our nonverbal language.` America : speak look straight in the eye.

` Interact with people from own culture: generally

learned the same system or language or

nonverbal` Interact ourfamilies: speak the same nonverbal

language


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` Interact with people own culture but unfamiliar to

us : may be coy,flirtatious or annoying. So learnthe rules.

` Interact someone a different culture : different

verbal language also bring different nonverbal

language` Have own rules forengaging in nonverbal

behaviours.

` Example: head nodding (Japanese-HAI, English-

YES)


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` Different nonverbal - Negative impression :

` Example : US, interact with people at a certaindistance. Close and feel his breath-uncomfortable.

` Interact quite far away

` Nonverbal like a :

` 1. second language

` 2.silent

` 3.unspoken


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` Show emotional reactions: anger, sad, frustrated and so on.

` Universally expressed and recognized-same across culture

` Display rules- rules that we all learn to manage or modify

expression depending on social circumstances

` Could also be used to illustrating speech ( raising eyebrow when

tones ofvoices goes up)Eg: japanese tend to adjust their stressful expression in thepresence ofhigher

status experimenter whereas the american not.

People who are smile are judge to be more likable and more

approachable than people who dont smile/pretend to smile

(Gladstone& Parker,2002; Woodzicka&LaFrance,2005;Kluger,2005)


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When sending this message, it shows some meaning.

` Wanita mempunyai pelbagai ekspressi emosi melalui wajah

dan lebih banyak tersenyum jika dibandingkan dengan lelaki

(buck, miller and william 1974)

` 6 categories ( Ekman and Friesen,1975)

1. Surprise-wide open eye, raised& wrinkled brow, open mouth

2. Fear-open mouth, wrinkles in the centre oftheforehead

3. Disgust-raised cheeks, lowered brow, lowered uppereyelid4. Anger-staring eyes, lowered and wrinkled brow

5. Happiness-smiling, raised cheeks, wrinkles around lowereyelids

6. Sadness-lip may tremble, corners ofthe lips turn downward.


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` Important aspects ofsocial and interactive

behavior.

` More research on animals (apes,gorillas)-

indicates aggressive and threatening

displays. However, human have taboo

regarding the direct stares (culture

produce rules to control the aggression)

` Attention structure-dominance

hierarchy in animal socities

` Staring game -exemplifies dominance,

status and power.

` Baby- attentivelly gaze to adults as source

ofcare and protection


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` Research

Arab > American > Asia

Arab people get annoyed while interacting withAmericans because Americans tend to gaze less.

While Americans get annoyed interacting with

Asians

` Different culture make different interpretationabout gaze

i. Not interested

ii. Too aggressive/domineering

iii. Appreciation ofstatus orpower

iv. Shame (what do you think?)


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` Message about power, dominance and status.

` It depends on space resources available

` 4 different level ofinterpersonal space in social

relationship ( Hall, 1978)

i. Intimate- 0-1.5 feet

ii. Personal relationship- 1.5- 4 feet

iii. Social consultive relationship -4-10 feet

iv. Public relationship- over 10 feet.


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` research

( Watson& Graves,1966)- paired ofmale students

tend to sit closer, more direct, confrontationaltypes ofbody orientation, greatereye contact and

speak in louder voices than did the Americans.

Forston and larson(1968) Latin American students

tend to interact more closely than Europeanstudents.

Noesjirwan (1977,1978) indonesians tend to seat

closer than did Australians.

Age, gender, sex do not influence interpersonalspace.


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Def: movements ofthe body, usually the hands, that

are generally reflective thought orfeeling.

Different culture have different meaning ofgestures.

Gestures as illustrator: vary across culture

Jewish& Italian: very expressive in their gesture& mannerism whenspeaking

Japanese& Thai : more reserved in using gesture


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loser

not goodvictory/peace

pointing

Thai:handsomeFrance: you r Zero

Japan: Please giveme coins

German: no 1Japan: no 5Saudi Arabia: Im winningMalaysia:pointing

American: upyours

Satanic/heavy metal


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1. Eye contact

2. Touch

3. Silence


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culture

CHINA:prosperity&rebirthUK: masculinity

JAPAN: anger&danger

US: capitalism, envy

IRELAND:patriotism

JAPAn: youth&energy

CHINA: wealth& authority

US: caution& cowardise

EGYPT: happiness&prosperity

IRAN: negative

GHANA: Joy

EGYPT: virtue& truth

GREEK: national pride


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` Culture and gesture1. Resting feet on a table would be insulting in Middle East

2. Gestures with the thumb up would be rude in Australia

3. Folding your arm over your chest would be consider defiant&

disrespectful in Fiji.` Culture andfacial expression1. Inappropriatefor Japaneseespecially for women to reveal broad

smile. They will hide/cover with hands. Whereas, US: no

restriction.

* Cultural display rule (appropriate display ofemotions in public)


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` Non verbal communication vary across culture

` Important to understand and appreciate other

cultures

` Multicultural counselor should understand the nonverbal communications ofthe client in order to

help them moreeffectively.


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That all from us..

silang budaya nonverbal

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