OVERVIEW ANDREW BUNKER EDU 214 PROF. LARA GLOBAL SICKLE CELL DISEASE NETWORK, 555 UNIVERSITY AVE, TORONTO, CANADA SICKLE CELL ANEMIA Sickle Cell Anemia is the most common form of sickle cell disease (SCD). It gets its name from the fact that it causes the body to make “sickle” (or crescent) shaped red blood cells. Sickle cells have abnormal hemoglobin, caused by a gene mutation, which causes the sickle cells to increase their viscosity and lose the pliability necessary to pass through the capillaries. This reduced blood flow to the organs and limbs can bring about a great deal of pain, dehydration and organ damage with an increased risk of infections for sickle cell patients. Additionally, sickle cells die after only 10- 20 days and so the body is unable to replace the dying cells with new ones. Patients often require continual long- term care and have significantly reduced life expectancies. Secondary consequences can include: •infections •leg ulcers •stroke •fever •acute chest syndrome • pain •pulmonary hypertension •spleen malfunction CRESCENT-SHAPED RED BLOOD CELLS SYMPTOMS & DIAGNOSIS Symptoms include: •fatigue •dizziness •shortness of breath •jaundice •coldness in the hands and feet. Sudden pain, known as “Sickle Cell Crises”, can often occur in the bones, lungs, abdomen and joints. Diagnosis is easily carried out via a blood test. COMPLICATIONS TREATMENTS While there is no known cure, treatments can include blood and marrow transplants, antibiotics for infections, pain medicines, a healthy diet to include hydration, transfusions, and hydroxyurea (making the body generate fetal hemoglobin).
Sickle Cell Anemia Fact Sheet
Oct 21, 2015
A 2-pager fact sheet which describes the nature, symptoms and treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia.
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OVERVIEW
ANDREW BUNKER EDU 214
PROF. LARA
GLOBAL SICKLE CELL DISEASE NETWORK, 555 UNIVERSITY AVE, TORONTO, CANADA
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Sickle Cell Anemia is the most common form of sickle cell disease (SCD). It gets its name from the fact that it causes the body to make “sickle” (or crescent) shaped red blood cells. Sickle cells have abnormal hemoglobin , caused by a gene mutation , which causes the sickle cells to increase their viscosity and lose the pliability necessary to pass through the capillaries. This reduced blood flow to the organs and limbs can bring about a great deal of pain , dehydration and organ damage with an increased risk of infections for sickle cell patients. Additionally, sickle cells die after only 10-20 days and so the body is unable to replace the dying cells with new ones. Patients often require continual long-term care and have significantly reduced life expectancies .
Secondary consequences can include:
•infections •leg ulcers •stroke
•fever •acute chest syndrome
• pain •pulmonary hypertension
•spleen malfunction
CRESCENT-SHAPED RED BLOOD CELLS
SYMPTOMS & DIAGNOSIS Symptoms include:
•fatigue •dizziness •shortness of breath •jaundice •coldness in the hands and feet.
Sudden pain, known as “Sickle Cell Crises” , can often occur in the bones, lungs, abdomen and joints.
Diagnosis is easily carried out via a blood test.
COMPLICATIONS
TREATMENTS While there is no known cure , treatments can include blood and marrow transplants, antibiotics for infections, pain medicines , a healthy diet to include hydration, transfusions, and hydroxyurea (making the body generate fetal hemoglobin).
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GLOBAL SICKLE CELL DISEASE NETWORK, 555 UNIVERSITY AVE, TORONTO, CANADA
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
INFECTION AND FEVER
ANDREW BUNKER EDU 214
PROF. LARA
GENETIC CAUSES OF SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
GENETIC CAUSE
Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited disease. Patients who have the disease have inherited one recessive gene from each parent. People who have just one sickle gene are known as having the Sickle Cell Trait . These individuals usually do not have any symptoms and lead normal lives. Children of parents who both carry the sickle hemoglobin gene have a 25% of being born with the disease.
REFERENCES Lanzkron, Sophie et al. Systematic Review: Hydroxyurea for the Treatment of Adults with Sickle Cell Anemia. Annals of Internal Medicine. 6/17/2008. Vol. 148, Issue 12, p939-W205.
Nelson, Jemima. Sickle Cell Disease in the Workplace. Occupational Health. Aug 2011, Vol 63, Issue 8, p26-29.
Sheth, Sujit. Sickle Cell Anemia: Time for a Closer Look at Treatment Options? British Journal of Haemotology. Aug 2013, Vol.162, Issue 4, p453-464.
FAMILY REFERENCES • Children’s Cancer & Blood Disorder Center
450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 1-855-430-2701
www.danafarberbostonchildrens.org
• University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC)
225 Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 1-800-492-5538
www.umm.edu/patients/resource-center
• University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)
5115 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 412-692-4724
www.upmc.com/services/sickle-cell
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