Serching and Classifying (handout)

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Universal taxonomy of CarolusLinnaeus > mathesis universalis ofLeibniz are the ground of MichelFoucaults conception episteme

Vasil Penchev, PhD, Assoc. Prof.

Department Philosophy of History,

Institute for Philosophical Research of

the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

E-mail: [email protected]

http://four.fsphost.com/vasil7penchev

$EVWUDFWEpisteme designates the accepted mode of

acquiring and arranging knowledge in a

given period. An episteme unites the various

discourses and guarantees their coherence

within an underlying structure of implicit

assumptions about the status of knowledge.

The term has gained currency from the work

of the French philosopher Michel Foucault,

especially hisLes Mots et les choses (The

Order of Things, 1966; Bulgarian edition:G Z m d Z b b a d m k l \ h , 1990).

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VI. 0 $ 7 + ( 6 , 6 ? L 7 $ ; , 1 2 0 , $

L Q Les mots et les choses E \ 0 ) R X F D X O W

p. 86-87

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Q D W X U H V Z K D W D O J H E U D L V W R W K H R U G H U R I

V L P S O H Q D W X U H V q (p. 71).

www.illogicaloperation.com/textz/

foucault_michel_the_order_of_things.htm

The English translation is from:

VINTAGE BOOKS EDITION, APRIL 1994

Copyright 1970 by Random House, Inc

7RPEVWRQHRI/LQQDHXV 6\VWHPZnaturae 3KLORVRSKLHbotanique

Linnaeus is creditedwith establishing the

idea of ahierarchicalstructure ofclassification whichis based uponobservablecharacteristics.

While the underlying

details concerning what

are considered to bescientifically valid'observable charac-teristics' has changedwith expandingknowledge, thefundamental principleremains sound.


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6\VWHPDnaturae In Systema naturae (1735) he presentedhis classification of plants, animals, and

minerals, and in Genera plantarum

(1737) he explained his system forclassifying plants largely on the basis

of the number of stamens and pistils inthe flower. Despite the artificiality ofsome of his premises, the Linnaeansystem has remained the basis of

modern taxonomy.

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Frontispiece

for

Foucault's

The Orderof Things,28.5" x 19",acrylicon panel,1995.Privatecollection

Jeffrey Abt

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www.illogicaloperation.com/textz/

foucault_michel_the_order_of_things.htm

The English translation is from:

VINTAGE BOOKS EDITION, APRIL 1994

Copyright 1970 by Random House, Inc

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Initia et Specimina Scientiae novaeGeneralis

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Part I. Principles of Universal

Science

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Immanuel Kant. Kritik derreinen Vernunft (Hamburh:Meiner, 1980), S. 433-435.

Editor: Jens Timmerman

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S. 424

Wenn man dagegen an dem Verteidigerder Epigenesis den groen Vorzug, den erin Ansehung der Erfahrungsgrnde zumBeweise seiner Theorie vor dem ersteren

hat, gleich nicht kennete: so wrde die Ver-

nunft doch schon zum voraus fr seine Er-klrungsart mit vorzglicher Gunst einge-nommen sein, weil sie die Natur in Anse-hung der Dinge, welche man ursprnglich

nur nach der Kausalitt der Zwecke sich alsmglich vorstellen kann


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doch wenigstens, was die Fort-pflanzung betrifft, als selbst hervor-bringend, nicht blo als entwickelnd,

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Natur berlt (ohne aber ber diesenersten Anfang, an dem die Physik

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S. 128

Folglich bleibt nur das zweite brig(gleichsam ein System der

Epigenesis der reinen Vernunft):da nmlich die Kategorien vonseiten des Verstandes die Grndeder Mglichkeit aller Erfahrung

berhaupt enthalten.

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www.ilt.columbia.edu/academic/digitexts/kant/

pure_reason/pure_reason.txt

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S. 84


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Der transzendentalen Analytik

Die Analytik der Begriffe

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XVII century, the century of Linnpassed under the sign of classification. Itwas sanctioned by a leaving His Creation

Creator, however yet remaining the focusof things, the order of thing as a specificpart of the world allowing for people to

classify all the plants and animals

Two centuries later, Michel Foucaultattempted to classify analogically all

the knowledge not by itscorrespondence to things, but by itscoherence with itself. The hidden

focus of his notion of epistema, ofthat coherence of words with

themselves, turned out Linns

principle of classification

Serching and Classifying (handout)

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