Seminar on Multistoried Building Petronas Towers

Seminar On

Multistoried building Petronas Towers

Submitted by:Rajpreet kaur05/16

Submitted to:Ar. rachna

Petronas Towers

Petronas Towers

Location : Kuala Lumpur, malaysia

Built : 1992 – 1998

Cost : $ 1.6 billons

height :1,483 Feets

Stories : 88

Function : Office building

Style : Postmodern

MATERIALS : CONCRETE,STEEL

Facing Materials : Aluminum, Stainless Steel

Owner : KLCC Kuala Lumpur City

Centre (Holdings)

Architecture : Adamson Associates Architects

  Cesar Pelli & Associates, Inc.

  RSP Architects Planners&Engineers

Location plan

PLANNING CONCEPT

KLCC is a self-contained, city-within-a-city.The integrated mixed-use development provides more than 1.67

million sq. meters of: commercial retail hotel residential entertainment facilities

Some 50 acres of the site will be turned into a tropical parkland and the other 50 acres has been slotted for commercial development. The tree-lined Park Boulevard will serve as a transition between the public natural retreat and the private commercial domain.

The PETRONAS Twin Towers are located on the northern boundary of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) and has state-of-the-art communication facilities. The KLCC Project is located at the apex of the MSC and is easily accessible to:

The new Kuala Lumpur International Airport

Government's new administrative centre, Putrajaya

Light Rail Transit (LRT )

Port Klang LRT)

12 vehicular accesses and 14 bus stops

Kuala Lumpur's inner ring road

About building :

 The Petronas Towers are found in the city of Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia

The towers are located in the middle of the

Golden Triangle district,

with nos. of hi-rise buildings, shopping malls,

international businesses and luxury hotels.

The Petronas Towers , now the tallest buildings on earth, are among the architectural wonders of the world.

The story of their construction is one of many challenges, and the resulting design, by Cesar Pelli & Associate, reflects a melding of East and West.

The towers reflect the latest technology in making tall buildings, with modern materials such as stainless steel cladding, which makes these spires glisten on the skyline.

Towers contain more than eight million square feet of shopping and entertainment facilities, underground parking for 4,500 cars, a petroleum museum, a symphony hall, a mosque, and a multimedia conference center.

Each tower's floor plan forms an eight-pointed star, a design inspired by traditional Malaysian Islamic patterns. The 88-story towers, joined by a flexible sky bridge on the 42nd floor, have been described as two "cosmic pillars" spiraling endlessly towards the heavens.

Floor plan

Section of towers

Petronas Towers Floor Plan

Tower One houses the PETRONAS headquarter offices.

Tower Two houses  private offices, KLCC offices, and rentable space.

Total gross floor area is approximately 218,000 square meters in each tower.

Finished ceiling height  of the offices is 2.65 meters.

Total net floor area is 119,300 square meters in each tower

Vertical circulation in these tall towers is provided by 29 high-

speed double deck lifts and 10 escalators in each tower.

Lower floors (Floors seven and eight) are served by two banks

of 6-1600/1600 kilogram double-deck elevators . 

Level eight to nineteen are about 1970 square meters (serviced

by elevator group A).

Levels forty one and forty two are the sky lobby levels. (serviced

by elevator groups C,D,E and the express shuttle).

Levels twenty eight to thirty four are about 2030 square meters (serviced by elevator group B)

Level forty is about 1850 square meters (serviced by the express shuttle elevator).

Levels forty one and forty two are 1736 square m

Levels forty one and forty two are the sky lobby levels. (serviced by elevator groups C,D,E and the express shuttle).

Level forty three is about 1,402 square meters (serviced by elevator group C).

Level forty five is about 1,483 square meters (serviced by elevator group C).

Level forty seven to fifty six are 1,604 square meters (serviced by elevator group C).

Level sixty one is 1,286 square meters (this is the transfer

floor).

Level seventy six is about 882 square meters (typical lift bank

is E).

Level eighty two is 608 square meters (typical lift bank is E).

Levels eighty five and eighty six are 358 square meters

(boardroom shuttle).

The Dewan Filharmonik PETRONAS Concert Hall has three levels and an 885 seat capacity

The Suriya retail shopping complex inside the towers is six stories tall and includes 140,000 square meters of area.  It includes two mega-stores; approximately 250 shops; two food courts, an entertainment center; and a thirteen-screen Cineplex.

The Galeri PETRONAS art gallery has about 2,000 square meters of floor space.

Internal view of concert hall

The Petrosains Petroleum Discovery Centre in the towers has a area of about 9,280 square meters.

The Multimedia conference centre has an area of about 6,000

square meters on three levels.

The Malaysian Petroleum Club (MPC) has about 5,000 square meters of floor space.

The Underground Parking Garage has about 251,000 square meters and 5,400 parking spaces on five stories.

Sky bridge

One of the most dramatic feats in the construction of the

towers was the placement of the two-story skybridge, which

was built on the ground and hoisted into place.

The fully assembled bridge was then dismantled and shipped to Kuala Lumpur in 493 pieces (452.64 tonnes).

To facilitate putting it into place, the sky bridge was pre- assembled into five main components comprising the two legs, two end blocks and the centre section.

Pictures of sky bridge

Centre SectionThe 307 parts of the frame for the centre section of the sky bridge

were fully assembled and bolted. The centre section of the sky bridge frame, measuring 41 meters in length, over 5 meters in width and nine meters in height, was assembled at the concourse level

The centre section's internal floors and roof at level 41, 42 and 43 were constructed in metal decking.

After the roof level concrete slab was placed, the whole assembly was painted and the external building maintenance equipment for the legs installed.

Construction of the Petronas Towers 

The construction of the Petronas Towers was a model of cooperation and efficiency and in some respects even more spectacular than the final result.

After a year of planning, the construction phase began in March 1993 with the excavation work for the foundation. 

The originally selected location was moved 60 meters due to the configuration of the bedrock exposed during the excavations. 

The excavation for the foundation went 30 meters below the soil surface, with work proceeding only after sunset and more than five hundred dump trucks full of soil being removed from the site each night.

For each of the two towers, more than one hundred foundation

piles were poured next.

Once the forms were in place, the slabs for the foundation of the two towers were poured in two continuous pours lasting about two and a half days each and using over 13,000 cubic feet of concrete for each of the two slabs. 

On top of these slabs a perimeter wall over a kilometer in total

length and 21 meters tall was created to form the shell that

would become the five-level underground car park. 

Petronas Towers Structure

The functional structures of the Petronas Towers were designed

by the structural engineers Thornton-Tomasetti,

The core structure of each of the towers is composed of a ring of

sixteen cylindrical columns of high strength reinforced concrete. 

The columns vary in size from 2.4 meters in diameter at the lower areas to 1.2 meters in diameter at the top, and are placed at the outside corners and additional arcs of the eight pointed star shape that gives the buildings their classic Islamic shape.

.  

Concept and structure

In a staging of six increments, the columns slope slightly inward as they rise, resulting in the tapered form of the final buildings.

A significant choice of building materials was made

early in the project, and it was decided to use reinforced

concrete instead of the structural steel that is more

common in other skyscrapers. 

 Building with concrete than with steel, but also because

the cost of importing all the steel would have been

prohibitive, whereas the concrete could be obtained

locally. 

The final towers weigh more than twice what they would have had steel been used, but it was additionally felt that the use of concrete would more effectively dampen sway in windy conditions and reduce vibrations within the towers.

The structural plan liberates additional floor space inside the towers by locating the mechanical services for the towers in two “bustles” that are 43 story tall buildings located immediately adjacent to the towers. 

After completion, the exteriors of the two concrete “soft tubes” were clad in stainless steel and glass with a design that originated in the classic geometric patterns of ancient Islamic art.  The foundations for the structures are huge concrete cores and are considered the deepest building foundations in the world.

The two 73-meter tall pinnacle structures of the towers were, like the towers, constructed by two different contractors. One of the pinnacles was fabricated in Japan and the other in Korea.  Built of structural steel and then disassembled and shipped to Kuala Lumpur, the pinnacles were reassembled and mounted atop the towers in yet another delicate operation that required several months of practice before the final installation. The two pinnacles are clad in brushed stainless steel.

Each tower used 11,000 tons of reinforcement steel, 2,825,120 cubic feet of high-strength concrete, almost 7,500 tons of structural steel beams and 830,000 square feet of glass windows

Although many foreign firms participated in the construction process, a great deal of the work was done by local Malaysian companies.  It is estimated that sixty percent of the materials used in the construction were obtained locally.  

material used in building

All of the concrete and construction timber was Malaysian in origin as were many of the interior finishing materials including

marble, ceramic tiles, and drywall materials.  Many of the more complex features such as escalators, electrical

fixtures and components and furniture were also supplied by Malaysian firms.