Seminar on laser ignition system

A PRESENTATION ON

PRESENTED BY , GUIDED BY ,

LASER IGNITION SYSTEMfor Internal Combustion Engines

WHAT IS A LASER A Laser Is A Device Which Is Built On The Principles Of Quantum

Mechanics To Create A Beam Of Light Where All Of The Photons Are In

Coherent State Usually With The Same Frequency And Phase.

Lasers Provide Intense And Unidirectional Beam Of Light. Laser Light Is

Monochromatic (One Specific Wavelength).

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HOW DOES A LASER WORK

LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION

TYPES OF LASER Gas

A Helium-Neon (HeNe) used mostly for holograms such as laser printing. Chemical

Lasers that obtain their energy through chemical reactions. Used mostly for weaponry.

DyeUses organic dye as the lasting medium, usually in the form of a liquid solution. Used in medicine, astronomy, manufacturing, and more.

Solid-stateUses a gain medium that is a solid (rather than a liquid medium as in dye or gas lasers). Used for weaponry

SemiconductorAlso known as laser diodes, a semiconductor laser is one where the active medium is a semiconductor similar to that found in a light-emitting diode. Applications include telecommunication and medicine

Standard Spark Plug Ignition In An Internal Combustion Engine

Current internal combustion gasoline engines use spark plugs to ignite the air/fuel mixture in cylinder (located at the top of the combustion chamber).

Laser Ignition System for an Internal Combustion Engine

Laser ignition will replace the spark plug seen in current gasoline engines.

Difference in the use of different optics

Energy density at the window is higher for the separated optics. The higher the energy density, the better ablation works. The separated optics scheme should therefore be more reliable than the combined optics.

How Laser Ignition Works The laser ignition system has a laser transmitter with a fiber-optic cable powered by

the car’s battery. It shoots the laser beam to a focusing lens that would consume a much smaller space than current spark plugs. The lenses focus the beams into an intense pinpoint of light, and when the fuel is injected into the engine, the laser is fired and produces enough energy (heat) to ignite the fuel.

Below is a diagram of the laser arrangement:

Why Laser Ignition?

Regulations on NOx emissions are pushing us toward leaner air/fuel ratios

(higher ratio of air to fuel).

Natural gas is more difficult to ignite than gasoline due to the strong carbon

to hydrogen bond energy.

Because of the requirement for an increase in ignition energy, spark plug life

will decrease for natural gas engines.

Ignition sites for spark plugs are at a fixed location at the top of the

combustion chamber that only allows for ignition of the air/fuel mixture

closest to them.

Spark plug requires frequent maintenance to remove carbon deposits.

ADVANTAGES• A choice of arbitrary positioning of the ignition plasma in the combustion

cylinder.

• Effective ignition of leaner mixture at lower combustion temperature.

• Less NOx emissions.

• No erosion effects in case of spark plug.

• Lifetime of laser ignition system expected to be significantly longer than

that of conventional spark plug.

• High load ignition pressure possible.

• High power output, hence higher efficiency

• Multipoint ignition is possible

• Shorter ignition delay time and shorter combustion time .

Technology status

Ford and the University of Liverpool are working on a new laser ignition system for automobiles.

Ford plans to implement the new technology into its top of the range vehicles within the next few years !!

REFFERENCESResearch papers-

Laser Ignition in Internal Combustion Engines - A Contribution to a Sustainable

Environment by M. Lackner*, F. Winter

Laser Ignition System for IC Engines by International Journal of Science and

Research (IJSR)

Laser Plasma-initiated Ignition Of Engines

Laser ignition system and method for internal combustion engine patent no -

US 8127732 B2

www.laserist.org

THANK YOU