Semi-Continuous Measurements of PM 2.5 Carbon at the South Bronx, New York: Comparison with Filter Measurements Oliver V. Rattigan, Dirk Felton, Paul Sierzega New York State DEC – BAQS Jim Schwab ASRC, University at Albany, SUNY 2006 National Monitoring Conference - November 7, 2006
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Semi-Continuous Measurements of PM2.5 Carbon at the South ... · PM 2.5 Carbon • Constitutes ~30-50% of PM2.5 mass in New York City. • Elemental Carbon (EC)-(Black carbon, BC);
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Semi-Continuous Measurements of PM2.5 Carbon at the South Bronx, New York:
Comparison with Filter Measurements
Oliver V. Rattigan, Dirk Felton, Paul SierzegaNew York State DEC – BAQS
Jim SchwabASRC, University at Albany, SUNY
2006 National Monitoring Conference - November 7, 2006
PM2.5 Carbon• Constitutes ~30-50% of PM2.5 mass in New
York City.• Elemental Carbon (EC)-(Black carbon, BC);
– Direct emission from fuel combustion (pyrolysis of organic carbon).10-20% of TC.
• Organic Carbon (OC)- Major fraction.– Primary-direct emission from combustion
Mean and Std. Dev. SUNSET Hourly EC Blank, South Bronx
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
Aug-05
Sep-05
Oct-05
Nov-05
Dec-05
Jan-06
Feb-06
Mar-06
Apr-06
May-06
Jun-06
Jul-06
Aug-06
Sep-06
µg/m
3 ,
Comparison of Semi-Continuous Sunset to STN Filter Measurements of EC & OC
Blank or positive artifact corrections are applied to the STN data based on averages of field and trip blanks at the South Bronx site. (Averages are done separately for R&P and MetOne samplers.)
24Hr SUNSET vs STN Filter Elemental Carbon
Partisoly = 0.87x + 0.03
R2 = 0.59
Met Oney = 0.86x - 0.14
R2 = 0.96
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
STN Filter EC (µg/m3)
SUN
SET
EC (µ
g/m
3 )
Partisol Met-One Linear (Partisol) Linear (Met-One)
24 hr SUNSET vs STN Filter Organic Carbon
Partisoly = 0.66x + 0.45
R2 = 0.69
Met-Oney = 0.67x - 0.17
R2 = 0.86
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
STN Filter OC (µg/m3)
SUN
SET
OC
(µg/
m3 )
Partisol Met-One Linear (Partisol) Linear (Met-One)
24 hr SUNSET vs STN Filter Total Carbon
Partisoly = 0.73x + 0.43
R2 = 0.65
Met-Oney = 0.73x - 0.35
R2 = 0.92
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
STN FIlter TC (µg/m3)
SUN
SET
TC (µ
g/m
3 )
Partisol Met-One Linear (Partisol) Linear (Met-One)
Seasonal and Day-of-Week Patterns from Sunset Data
Monthly SUNSET Total Carbon, South Bronx, 2005-2006
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
µg/m
3 ,
mean median
whiskers indicate 5 and 95 percentiles
Seasonal Variation
Monthly SUNSET OC, South Bronx, 2005-2006
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
µg/m
3 ,
mean median
whiskers indicate 5 and 95 percentiles
Seasonal Variation
Monthly SUNSET EC, South Bronx, 2005-2006
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
µg/m
3 ,
mean median
whiskers indicate 5 and 95 percentiles
Seasonal Variation
Ratio OC/EC 2005-2006, South Bronx
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Jul-05
Aug-05
Sep-05
Oct-05
Nov-05
Dec-05
Jan-06
Feb-06
Mar-06
Apr-06
May-06
Jun-06
Jul-06
Aug-06
Sep-06
Month,
OC
/EC
,
Organic Carbon, 2005-2006, South Bronx
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
µg/m
3 ,
weekday weekend
Day-of-Week Variation
Elemental Carbon, 2005-2006, South Bronx
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
µg/m
3 ,
weekday weekend
Day-of-Week Variation
Example of the Power of Continuous Measurements for PM2.5 Mass Reconstruction
•PM2.5: TEOM - 50º C “standard”
•Sulfate: Thermo 5020 – Values x 1.375 to account for ammonium
•Nitrate: R&P/Thermo 8400N – Values x 1.29 to account for ammonium
•OM: OC x 1.5
•EC: used as measured
Nov 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
6011
/1
11/3
11/5
11/7
11/9
11/1
1
11/1
3
11/1
5
11/1
7
11/1
9
11/2
1
11/2
3
11/2
5
11/2
7
11/2
9
12/1
µg/m
3
PM2.5 SO4+TC+NO3 FRM
SO4 = (NH4)2SO4
NO3 = NH4NO3
TC = OC *1.5 + ECPM2.5 = 50oC TEOM
Method Issues - Sunset• Stable measurement of positive