Sem history of diabetes

HISTORY OF DIABETES

Presented By

Kamakshi Bisoyi

1st MBBS, Batch of 2012

DIABETES

• One of the first diseases described with an EGYPTIAN MANUSCRIPT from1500BC.  mentioning “too great emptying of the urine”

• Earliest description of diabetes was also documented - writings of Hindu scholars - in 1500 BC.

•They had already described “a mysterious disease causing thirst, enormous urine output, and wasting away of the body with flies and ants attracted to the urine of people.”

•They Identified the Disease and classified it as MADHUMEHA or HONEY URINE

•The term DIABETES was coined by THE GREEK APPOLLONIUS OF MEMPHIS IN 230 BC

•Which literally meant “to go through” or siphon as the disease drained more fluid than a person could consume.

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MAIN TYPES OF DIABETESType 1 and type 2 diabetes were identified as

separate conditions for the first time by the Indian physicians Sushruta and Charaka in

400-500 AD with type 1 associated with youth and type 2 with being overweight.

• The term "mellitus" or "from honey" was added by the Britain John Rolle in the late 1700s to separate the condition from diabetes insipidus which is also associated with frequent urination.

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BANTING AND BEST First Used Insulin In 1921& 1922 BANTING & McLOEDRecieved NOBEL PRIZE in PHYSIOLOGY or MEDICINE In 1923.BANTING Is honoured by WORLD DIABETES DAY which is held on his birthday, November 14.

•First complete description by Ancient Greek

physician

ARETAES OF CAPPADOCIA•He noted the excessive amount of urine which passed through the kidneys •Gave the disease the name DIABETES.

• Pathogenesis of diabetes has only been understood experimentally since about 1900.

J.V Mering

Oskar

ROLE of PANCREAS

in DIABETES discovered By

JOSEPH VON MERING and

OSKAR in 1889.

In 1910,SIR EDWARD ALBERT SHARPEY suggested diabetic patients were deficient of single chemical - that was normally produced by the pancreas.

Proposed the name INSULIN (Latin Insula) – meaning Island – Islet of Langerhans in Pancreas which produce Insulin

The islets of Langerhans was discovered in 1869 by an anatomist named Paul Langerhans.

Distinction Between TYPE 1 & TYPE 2 DIABETES

by SIR HAROLD PERCIBAL,HARRY HIMSWORTH - published in Jan 1936

Determination Of Amino AcidSequence Of Insulin By Sir FREDERICK SANGER for which he received a Nobel Prize.

Other landmark discoveries • Identification of the first of the sulfonylureas in

1942

• Reintroduction of the use of biguanides for Type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s.

• Identification of the first thiazolidinedione an effective insulin sensitizer during the 1990s

Insulin Changes at a Glance -Decade Development in insulin therapy

• 1920s Regular insulin

• 1930s Long-acting (PZI)

• 1940s Intermediate-acting (NPH)

• 1950s Lente insulins

• 1960s Purified insulins

• 1970s Recombinant human insulins

• 1980s Insulin analogs

• 1990s… Nasal, oral insulins, and newer delivery devices; the search continues

THANK YOU